Which of the following statements best explains the goals of the criminal justice
system?
a. The actions of citizens taking simple precautions cannot prevent crime.
b. Efforts to control crime allow police to go beyond the law.
c. Decisions must be made that reflect the legal, social, political, and moral values of
society.
d. Having an equal system of justice for all the members of society.
Which of the following indicates that for a crime to occur there must be an act of
commission or omission by the accused?
a. Mens rea
b. Inchoate offense
c. Defamation
d. Actus reus
The creation of new crime legislation and the size of criminal justice agency budgets
are decided by legislators responding to the demands of
a. congress.
b. law enforcement.
c. voters.
d. federal prosecutors.
Judge Brown has been a superior court judge for the past seven years. He was the first
one in his family to graduate college. He is running for reelection without his political
affiliation being identified. Even though he loves his job, he would love to have more
time in the courtroom instead of organizing schedules and budgets. Instead of trying
cases, he feels that he just works out agreements with the defense and the prosecution.
The way he sees it, at least a guilty plea acknowledges he is putting defendants away.
Judge Brown is a judge in superior court. He hears only cases that deal with felonies;
therefore, he works in a trial court of ________ jurisdiction.
a. limited
b. general
c. appellate
d. district
After a suspect is arrested, he or she can be deprived of freedom, even if a finding of
guilty is unlikely.
a. True
b. False
The purpose of drug courts is to divert substance abusers away from incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Which doctrine permits officers to notice and use as evidence the items that are visible
to them when they are in a location that they are permitted to be in?
a. Plain view doctrine
b. Public safety doctrine
c. Exigent circumstances doctrine
d. Stop and frisk doctrine
_____ are rigorous, military-style regimes for younger offenders designed to accelerate
punishment while instilling discipline.
a. Day reporting centers
b. Prisons
c. Boot camps
d. Halfway houses
AParole is possible with which type of sentence?
a. An indeterminate sentence.
b. A presumptive sentence.
c. A mandatory sentence.
d. A determinate sentence.
Which of the following signaled a new round of reform in prisons by focusing on the
goal of punishment as the moral regeneration of criminals?
a. Cincinnati Declaration of Principles
b. Declaration of Independence
c. New York Declaration of Prisons
d. Pennsylvania Declaration of Penology
Females constitute almost one-half of all juvenile arrests.
a. True
b. False
Police officers are expected to use which type of force?
a. Corporal punishment
b. Discretionary
c. Legitimate and reasonable
d. Military
Intermediate sanctions can be viewed as a continuum “-a range of punishments.
a. True
b. False
Laws and rules made by federal, state, and local agencies are called
a. case law.
b. precedent.
c. administrative regulations.
d. common law.
The code of silence in many police departments against turning in bad cops is a feature
of
a. a subculture.
b. a subcommunity.
c. a suboccupation.
d. subprofessionals.
One morning, Rashaad arrives at work feeling under the weather. By lunch time, he
decides to take sick leave and go home. Upon arrival at his house, he sees his best
friend’s car in the driveway. Rashaad becomes concerned that something may be wrong
with his wife. As he opens the door to his bedroom, he sees his wife and best friend in a
compromising position. In shock, Rashaad grabs his gun, and shoots and kills his wife
and friend.
Rashaad’s intent was to kill his wife and friend. It could be said he had a guilty state of
mind, which would be his
a. mens rea.
b. concurrence.
c. actus reus.
d. causation.
Which of the following is true about the death penalty?
a. All Western democracies use the death penalty.
b. Most Western democracies use the death penalty.
c. The United States is virtually the only Western democracy to use the death penalty.
d. None of the Western democracies, including the United States, uses the death penalty.
Punishment that assumes that members of the general public will not commit a crime
because they observe the punishment of others who have committed a crime is called
a. incapacitation.
b. specific deterrence.
c. rehabilitation.
d. general deterrence.
Consider the information presented in the following chart. How are African American
youth most likely to be overrepresented in the juvenile justice system?
a. Juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses
b. Juveniles in residential placement
c. Cases judicially waived to criminal court
d. Delinquency cases resulting in residential placement
Which is true concerning police policy?
a. Decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested.
b. Officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers.
c. Police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters.
d. Police have unlimited resources.
According to U.S. v. Drayton (2002), police officers
a. must notify citizens that they have the right to say “no” to a search.
b. must notify citizens of their right against self-incrimination.
c. must notify citizens of their right to an attorney.
d. are not obligated to notify citizens that they have a right to say “no” to a search.
Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults, such as cigarette smoking or
truancy, are called _____ in the juvenile justice context.
a. juvenile offenses
b. status mistakes
c. juveniledelinquencies
d. status offenses
Shelby was found not guilty by an impartial jury. This right is protected by which
amendment?
a. Fourth Amendment
b. Fifth Amendment
c. Sixth Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
In which role does the judge spend significant amounts of time behind closed doors
talking to prosecutors and defense attorneys?
a. Adjudicator
b. Administrator
c. Negotiator
d. Electoral candidate
Under the New York System, prisoners produced goods for sale to cover operating
costs.
a. True
b. False
The trial process is based on
a. the adversary process.
b. jurisdictional territory.
c. the courtroom players.
d. judicial discretion.
There is always the potential for revocation of parole.
a. True
b. False
Defendants who win appeals typically go free.
a. True
b. False
Officer Goldman responds to a call of an active shooter during a home invasion at a
local residence. Officer Goldman arrives on the scene and quickly surveys the
residence. He and his partner immediately enter the home and see the suspect. They
command the suspect to drop his weapon, and the suspect responds by dropping the
weapon. Officer Goldman arrests the suspect and searches him.
After the suspect was taken into custody and the victims were taken to receive medical
care,Officer Goldman’s partners most likely would need to obtain a(n) _________ to
collect all the remaining evidence to prosecute the case.
a. arrest warrant
b. search warrant
c. clearance waiver
d. consent waiver
The bail system discriminates against poor people.
a. True
b. False
The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting,
convicting, and _______ those who disobey the law.
a. punishing
b. sentencing
c. incarcerating
d. instructing
Eli is a public defender who is representing his client in a first-degree murder case. A
plea arrangement could not be arranged, so the case is going to trial. In a matter of
weeks, Eli will be forced to help seat a jury. He is hoping to have a chance to select
jurors who will sympathize with his client, who grew up in abject poverty and has a low
IQ. Eli is not sure what the outcome of this case will be considering that there is not an
eyewitness to testify.
Eli’s client’s case was more likely to go to trial than other cases because
a. of the media interest in the case.
b. the district attorney is up for reelection.
c. he was charged withmurder.
d. Eli is known as a great lawyer.
When the commission of a specific crime leads offenders to be required to serve a
minimum period of incarceration before release, this is called
a. an indeterminate sentence.
b. a presumptive sentence.
c. a mandatory sentence.
d. good time.
The processes followed by police, prosecutors, and judges as well as the rights
possessed by suspects and defendants are defined by ________ criminal law.
a. procedural
b. substantive
c. constitutional
d. fundamental
Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need
much closer monitoring than her coworkers’ clients. Her client was sentenced to 6 years
of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute. The
client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in
his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during
the manufacturing process. Megan’s client’s biggest obstacle to successful of probation
is the home environment in which the client lives.
Megan’s client is most likely participating in which type of probation?
a. Probation diversion
b. Institutional diversion
c. Tiered diversion
d. Effective diversion