Which of the following is a consequence of the policy of differential response?
a. Less detailed information is received from callers.
b. Callers are uncertain about when to expect a response.
c. Police resources are conserved.
d. Patrol officers know less about a case when they respond.
Why would a local court want to implement a centralized court administration?
a. It would avoid problems with jurisdiction.
b. It would reduce caseloads.
c. It would prevent the political party in power from using those positions as “rewards.”
d. It would help to eliminate gender and racial bias in hiring.
Most countries globally share a uniform definition of rape.
a. True
b. False
The standard used by a juror to decide if the prosecution has provided enough evidence
for conviction is
a. more likely than not.
b. reasonable doubt.
c. probable cause.
d. preponderance.
In which of the Packer’s models would the adversarial system most likely be used?
a. Due process
b. Legislative inquiry
c. Crime control
d. Constitutional liability
The role of victims in fostering the context or triggering the action that led to their own
victimization in a crime is referred to as
a. victim precipitation.
b. revictimization.
c. repetitive victimization.
d. victim notification.
Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful of his sentence
for drug crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison
and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community. Grant
would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that
it will not be possible, at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time
finding employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on
someone with a record.
Grant promised himself that he will not go back to prison. Unfortunately, 40% of
inmates released go back to prison within ______ years.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
In years past, the standard currency in the prison economy was
a. money.
b. soap.
c. sex.
d. cigarettes.
A person could be punished for killing a pigeon if a state legislature passed a law
against killing pigeons on the day after the pigeon was killed.
a. True
b. False
Dianne works for the federal governor as a prosecutor. She spends much of her time
prosecuting drug crimes. Dianne was placed into her position approximately 3 years
ago and seems constantly in awe of her duties within the criminal justice system. Diane
works in District 5 in Dallas, Texas.
Dianne’s position is a political appointment. Who appointed Dianne to her current role?
a. Speaker of the House
b. President
c. Governor
d. Senate Majority Leader
Katie has been charged with armed robbery. The judge has set her bail at $250,000. She
is currently in jail awaiting a family member to raise her bail. This is Katie’s first
offense. She claims that she was forced to commit the crime because she could not pay
her rent.
The judge in Katie’s case determined her bail amount based on
a. cash bonds.
b. bail funds.
c. detention guidelines.
d. bail guidelines.
It is impossible for a poor person to become a judge.
a. True
b. False
The political era of policing was characterized by
a. urban riots.
b. hiring of officers through connections to elected officials.
c. the introduction of the automobile patrol and two-way radios.
d. civil service selection of officers.
Defense attorneys should never offer psychological support to their clients.
a. True
b. False
The underlying source of American law is the common law of England.
a. True
b. False
The due process and equal protection clauses are found in the Fourteenth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
Ly”ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to
assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000. Ly”ana assisted the local
department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the
prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The
defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.
Both the prosecution and defense agreed to an exchange relationship in theft case.
Which of the following represents that exchange?
a. sequential task
b. filtering process
c. discretion
d. plea bargain
A document charging an individual with a specific crime, which is prepared by a
prosecuting attorney and presented to a court at a preliminary hearing, is a(n)
a. indictment.
b. information.
c. arraignment.
d. warrant.
A decision by the jury in a case concludes the trial process.
a. True
b. False
In Nix v. Williams (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court established the inevitable discovery
exception to the exclusionary rule.
a. True
b. False
Eyewitness error is not a reason for wrongful convictions.
a. True
b. False
Which is true about the bail system?
a. Bail is sometimes set before the defendant has an attorney.
b. Bail bondspersons cannot deny bail to defendants if they can pay at least 10% of the
entire bail amount.
c. Police officers are never allowed to influence the bail decision.
d. Bail bondspersons are nonprofit employees of the state.
The upper age limit for original juvenile court jurisdiction is the age of:
a. 16.
b. 17.
c. 18.
d. 19.
According to your text, an example of a “visible crime” is
a. murder.
b. espionage.
c. white-collar crime.
d. price fixing.
Jacob is an attorney who works in the local public defender’s office. His caseload is
horrendous, and his salary low. Jacob feels that he has been very blessed in his life and
wanted a job that would allow him to give back to those less fortunate. Even though he
does get stressed, he has never questioned his career choice.
Which is not one of the US Department of Justice’s guidelines to determine whether a
case should be dismissed?
a. federal law enforcement priorities.
b. nature and seriousness of the offense.
c. person’s history with respect to criminal activity.
d. the reputation of the defense attorney representing theperson in question.
_________ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process.
a. Waiver
b. Transfer
c. Disposition
d. Adjudication
Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after
attending his close friend’s bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal
justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan
has been involved with his girlfriend for 3 years. His attorney reached an agreement
with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.
Ethan agrees to a sentence of 18 months probation. His sentence will be served under
what agency of the criminal justice system?
a. law enforcement
b. courts
c. corrections
d. deferred prosecution
Alex was recently found guilty of first-degree murder. Based upon state law, the judge
was forced to use a system/guideline to determine the sentence that he was to receive.
Alex was sentenced to 25 years in prison. He will spend his time in a prison
approximately 25 miles from his home. Alex was thankful for this sentence because it
was a death penalty case otherwise.
The judge in Alex’s case most likely had to use _____ to determine the sentence that
must be rendered.
a. sentencing guidelines
b. discretion
c. good time
d. earned time
Restorative justice programs in Vermont have increased the percentage of nonviolent
offenders in the state’s prisons.
a. True
b. False
Katie has been charged with armed robbery. The judge has set her bail at $250,000. She
is currently in jail awaiting a family member to raise her bail. This is Katie’s first
offense. She claims that she was forced to commit the crime because she could not pay
her rent.
Until Katie’s family raises her bail, she will remain
a. in prison.
b. in jail.
c. on probation.
d. on parole
The right against cruel and unusual punishment is found in the
a. Seventh Amendment.
b. Eighth Amendment.
c. Ninth Amendment.
d. Tenth Amendment.
It is widely accepted that the strategies used by modern police can reduce crime.
a. True
b. False
Which elements of a crime were not present in the given the scenario?
a. Actus reus, attendant circumstances and mens rea
b. Attendant circumstances and mens rea
c. Actus reus and mens rea
d. Actus reus and attendant circumstances
The crime control model suggests that the criminal justice system operates to
emphasize efforts to repress crime.
a. True
b. False
A set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an
occupational group in response to a work situation and environmental influences is
called the ________ personality.
a. authoritative
b. policeman’s
c. socialization
d. subculture
The administration of prisons is part of the _____ branch of government.
Discuss the purposes and effectiveness or ineffectiveness of community service as a
form of punishment.
When police prioritize calls, this is called ____________________.
Every state except ____________________ has its own law enforcement agency.
________ programs seek to treat the personal defects that created the inmate’s
criminality.
Explain the process that a law enforcement officer would have to go through in order to
secure a warrant to search a residence.
Edwin Sutherland developed the concept of ____________________ crime.
How can advancements in technologies for both citizens and the police assist police?
In regard to age and gender, a plurality of prisoners are _______ ______.
______ is punishment designed to be an example for the public.
______ release occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of post-custody
supervision in the community.
Offenders convicted of ____________________ may receive a penalty of up to 1 year
in jail.
___________ is an approach to policing in which officers routinely seek to identify,
analyze, and respond to the circumstances underlying the incidents that prompt citizens
to call the police.
There are two types of ISP: probation diversion and _____ diversion.
Learning informal practices as well as formal rules is the process of
____________________.