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True / False
1. Only a small percentage of juvenile arrests are for homicide.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Females constitute almost one-half of all juvenile arrests.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The epidemic of youth violence in the United States occurred simultaneously with an increase in drug arrests.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Youth gangs are less of problem today in American cities than they were in the past.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The idea that children should be treated differently than adults originated in the common law and courts of England.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The juvenile justice system in the United States did not develop until the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
a.
True
b.
False
7. In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that juveniles were less culpable than adults due to
developmental and maturity differences.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Delinquent children often have committed offenses that would be classified as criminal if they were adults.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Truancy is an example of a status offense.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Juveniles have always retained due process rights in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is “beyond a reasonable doubt.”
a.
True
b.
False
12. Smoking cigarettes is a status offense for a 13-year-old juvenile.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The period in which juvenile rights were expanded was called the juvenile rights period.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Parens patriae refers to the state as parent.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Federal guidelines dictate that all states must handle juvenile cases in the same way.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Congress has declared that all offenses committed by juveniles are federal offenses.
a.
True
b.
False
17. In theory, juvenile proceedings are designed to be nonadversarial.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Many police departments have special juvenile units.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Unlike regular police officers, juvenile officers exercise little discretion in processing offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
20. A juvenile cannot waive his or her right to counsel or protection against self-incrimination.
a.
True
b.
False
21. The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with order maintenance.
a.
True
b.
False
22. A child’s behavioral history affects the disposition of a case of juvenile delinquency.
a.
True
b.
False
23. A predominant goal within juvenile corrections is to avoid unnecessary incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Approximately 10% of juveniles are placed on probation and released to the custody of a parent or guardian.
a.
True
b.
False
25. Juvenile courts are simpler than adult courts.
a.
True
b.
False
26. Sexting is a status crime.
a.
True
b.
False
27. Drug use among juveniles has no negative impact on crime.
a.
True
b.
False
28. The Supreme Court ruled in Graham v. Florida (2010) that executions are unconstitutional for crimes committed by
those younger than 18 years of age.
a.
True
b.
False
29. Dependency is one of the four types of cases which falls under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.
a.
True
b.
False
30. Aftercare can be very effective.
a.
True
b.
False
31. Youth gangs do not pose any unique problems in the juvenile justice system.
a.
True
b.
False
32. Cyberbullying and other online delinquency are a new and growing phenomenon.
a.
True
b.
False
33. According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?
a.
Alcohol
b.
Poor quality of education
c.
Drugs
d.
Crime
34. What does the acronym “CRIPS” mean?
a.
Children Ready in the Population Society
b.
Criminals Ready in the Post-Modern Society
c.
Common Rejected Innocents Producing Safely
d.
Community Revolution in Progress
35. Which has not had a significant impact on the juvenile justice system?
a.
Tough-on-crime policies.
b.
Drug use.
c.
Youth gangs.
d.
Deteriorating social and economic conditions.
36. In England, the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called
a.
judicial waiver.
b.
parens patriae.
c.
delinquency doctrine.
d.
status offense.
37. A(n) ___ is a child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents.
a.
dependent child
b.
child parens patriae
c.
at-risk child
d.
neglected child
38. Under common law, children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of
a.
3.
b.
5.
c.
7.
d.
10.
39. Under the doctrine of ______, which held the king to be the father of the realm, the chancery courts exercised
protective jurisdiction over all children, particularly those involved in questions of dependency, neglect, and property.
a.
stubborn child law
b.
parens patriae
c.
In re Gault
d.
In re Winship
40. Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults, such as cigarette smoking or truancy, are called _____ in the
juvenile justice context.
a.
juvenile offenses
b.
status mistakes
c.
juvenile delinquencies
d.
status offenses
41. In the _____, the U.S. Supreme Court extended due process rights to children in the cases of Kent v. United States and
In re Gault.
a.
1860s
b.
1930s
c.
1960s
d.
1980s
42. Which is true about the due process rights of juveniles?
a.
Juveniles have none of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
b.
Juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
c.
Juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults plus additional rights.
d.
Juveniles have only some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
43. The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the social reform period of the
late 19th century was based on the idea that the state should act as a(n) ____ in advancing the interest of the child.
a.
parent
b.
teacher
c.
caretaker
d.
spiritual advisor
44. Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision of Breed v. Jones (1975)?
a.
Right to trial by jury
b.
Right to an attorney
c.
Right against unreasonable search and seizure
d.
Privilege against self-incrimination
45. Which U.S. Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles
may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community?
a.
In re Gault (1967)
b.
Schall v. Martin (1984)
c.
Kent v. United States (1966)
d.
In re Winship (1970)
46. Which statement about offenses committed by juveniles is accurate?
a.
The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of state law.
b.
The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of federal law.
c.
The offenses committed by juveniles are equal in terms of violations of federal and state laws.
d.
The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of municipal law.
47. Throughout the United States, the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction typically varies from ________ years
of age.
a.
12 to 14
b.
14 to 16
c.
16 to 18
d.
18 to 20
48. What is the youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States?
a.
10
b.
12
c.
13
d.
14
49. The juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of:
a.
the community.
b.
the family.
c.
society.
d.
the child.
50. Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers?
a.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
b.
Fare v. Michael C. (1979)
c.
Schall v. Martin (1984)
d.
In re Gault (1967)
51. A child who is receiving inadequate care is termed a _______.
a.
dependent child
b.
neglected child
c.
person in need of supervision (PINS)
d.
delinquent child
52. The process of screening children out of the system without a decision is called:
a.
screening
b.
disposition.
c.
diversion.
d.
redirection.
53. Which U.S. Supreme Court decision found that a child could waive his or her rights to an attorney and to protections
against self-incrimination?
a.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
b.
Fare v. Michael C. (1979)
c.
Schall v. Martin (1984)
d.
In re Gault (1967)
54. The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with
a.
servicing the community.
b.
preventing crime.
c.
maintaining order.
d.
providing counseling.
55. Which is true about juvenile officers?
a.
Juvenile officers are oftentimes themselves youthful offenders.
b.
Juvenile officers are less knowledgeable about legal issues than other police officers.
c.
Juvenile officers are sensitive to the needs of young offenders.
d.
Juvenile officers have less discretion than regular officers in processing young offenders.
56. The juvenile court processing of delinquency cases typically begins with
a.
an intake hearing.
b.
a petition.
c.
disposition.
d.
diversion.
57. What was the central purpose of Boston’s “Operation Ceasefire”?
a.
Eliminating juvenile drug use
b.
Reducing gang violence
c.
Reducing status offenses
d.
Facilitating successful reentry of juvenile offenders
58. What was the focus of the U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the “Kids Are Different” era?
a.
Legalization of the juvenile law
b.
Establishment of a separate system for juveniles
c.
Deinstitutionalization of status offenders
d.
Elimination of the death penalty for juveniles
59. Which is not one of the main concepts of juvenile justice?
a.
Deinstitutionalization
b.
Due process
c.
Diversion
d.
Detoxification
60. Public support for handling delinquent juveniles is strongest for the _______ emphasis.
a.
rehabilitative
b.
punitive
c.
protective
d.
retributive
61. Consider the information presented in the following chart. How are African American youth most likely to be
overrepresented in the juvenile justice system?
