The _________ raised questions about whether and how police patrol impacts crime
and crime rates. Thus police departments have tried various means to use patrol in order
to provide service, maintain order, and achieve improvements in crime prevention and
crime control.
a. Charlotte experiment
b. Oakland experiment
c. New York City experiment
d. Kansas City experiment
It is not permissible for prison officials to place a ban on mail correspondence between
prisoners in different facilities.
a. True
b. False
Officer Meeks has been assigned to the gang identifying unit within the prison he works
for. His duties include establishing which inmates have gang ties when they are
admittedto the prison. Officer Meeks usually interviews the inmates and notes any
identifying information such as tattoos and writings. Officer Meeks has been witnessing
a huge increase in members of both the Mexican Mafia and the Texas Syndicate.
The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender’s ties to the family
and community as a method of reform is called the _____ model.
a. custodial
b. rehabilitation
c. reintegration
d. family
Which amendment protects privacy by barring unreasonable searches by the police?
a. Third
b. Fourth
c. Fifth
d. Sixth
Correctional officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal to achieve
institutional goals.
a. True
b. False
When compared with rates in the United States, Icelandic crime rates are
a. extremely low.
b. low.
c. similar.
d. high.
When a crime is committed, delays can give the criminal an advantage in escaping
capture by the police.
a. True
b. False
Kasey is a FBI agent and has worked in the department for 6 years. Prior to her tenure
with the FBI, she worked for her local city police department for 4 years. She plans to
retire from the FBI within 20 years. Kasey has had the opportunity to work in various
capacities while working for the FBI, such as fighting terrorism and violent crime.
Which of the following is not a duty that Kasey would participate in as an FBI agent?
a. Supporting international partners
b. Defending those prosecuted by the government
c. Upgrading technology
d. Executing foreign intelligence operations
Federal guidelines dictate that all states must handle juvenile cases in the same way.
a. True
b. False
Which branch of government administers the intermediate sanctions of fines,
restitution, and forfeiture?
a. Executive
b. Legislature
c. Judiciary
d. Bureaucracy
How have the conservative crime control policies that have hit the adult criminal justice
system influenced juvenile justice?
a. Caused decreased incarcerationin juvenile institutions
b. Increased litigation challenging the abuse of children
c. Lowered rates of minority youth incarceration
d. Caused increased transfer to parents upon initial interaction with law enforcement
The Second Chance Act, signed into law by George W. Bush, authorizes states to
punish parole offenders more harshly.
a. True
b. False
John is a district attorney for a large metropolitan area. He is facing reelection in
approximately 1 year. During the course of John’s day, he receives news that a
well-known professional football player has attempted to murder his wife of less than a
year. Apparently, the player found his wife in a comprising position with another player
on the team. John knows that how he prosecutes this media-driven case may determine
if he is reelected.
Even though the community is demanding charges and a trial, it will be John’s final
decision to go to trial or plea bargain the case. John has a great deal of __________ in
making his decision.
a. dilemma
b. authority
c. discretion
d. ability
Offenses against morality involving a willing and private exchange of goods and
services that are in strong demand, but are illegal are called ________ crime.
a. political
b. victimless
c. visible
d. organized
When a case is accepted and charges are made only if there is enough evidence to
ensure conviction, a prosecutor is operating according to the _______ model.
a. system efficiency
b. legal sufficiency
c. trial sufficiency
d. legal efficiency
The judge’s instructions to the jury occurs
a. once both sides have presented their case.
b. at the beginning of the trial.
c. once after the prosecution rests and again after the defense rests.
d. as needed throughout the trial.
Many police actions fall under the ______ Amendment.
a. Fourth
b. Eighth
c. First
d. Third
A(n) _________ is returned by a grand jury as a true bill charging an individual with a
specific crime on the basis of a determination of probable cause.
a. information
b. arrest
c. warrant
d. indictment
Police officers can conduct a warrant search without probable cause.
a. True
b. False
Micah was approached by a fellow officer concerning possible corruption within their
department. Apparently, two officers have been selling confiscated drugs on the streets.
Micah reviewed both officers’ cases and noticed that their arrests for drug crimes were
down significantly. Both officers have also recently been receiving complaints from the
community. Micah dreaded what was about to happen to their department.
As expected, the department was at risk of losing its accreditation once the media
became aware of the situation. Then another outside agency became involved with the
authority to review the actions of the department called a
a. Citizens United Agency
b. Media Watchdog
c. Community Action League
d. Civilian Review Board
When we say that crime in American is “intra-racial,” we mean that
a. victims and offenders tend to be of different racial groups.
b. victims and offenders tend to be of the same racial group.
c. race does not play a part in who is the victim and who is the offender.
d. racial differences can only be discovered using intra-group analysis.
Jodi is serving a 5-year sentence for assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.
She is incarcerated in the only institution for females in the state. Jodi feels as though
her constitutional rights have been trampled on several times, especially when they
search her cell. Jodi feels that the correctional officers do not treat the inmates properly,
and she has had enough. She plans to attempt to file a lawsuit.
As an inmate, Jodi would not have always had the right to sue for constitutional rights
violations. Which court case gave Jodi this right?
a. Procunier v. Martinez (1974)
b. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
c. Theriault v. Carlson (1977)
d. Cruz v. Beto (1972)
In recent years, dozens of people have been released from prison when their innocence
was discovered through the use of
a. polygraph tests.
b. lie detector tests.
c. eye witness testimony.
d. DNA testing.
The current position of the U.S. Supreme Court is that the death penalty is cruel and
unusual punishment, and therefore unconstitutional.
a. True
b. False
.One morning, Rashaad arrives at work feeling under the weather. By lunch time, he
decides to take sick leave and go home. Upon arrival at his house, he sees his best
friend’s car in the driveway. Rashaad becomes concerned that something may be wrong
with his wife. As he opens the door to his bedroom, he sees his wife and best friend in a
compromising position. In shock, Rashaad grabs his gun, and shoots and kills his wife
and friend.
Rashaad claims the medicine he took for his illness created angry mood swings and he
is therefore not guilty based on
a. mens rea.
b. concurrence.
c. actus reus.
d. causation.
Police departments have not responded adequately in addressing the issue of stress.
a. True
b. False
Crimes committed in the context of a legal business or profession are called ______
crime.
a. political
b. victimless
c. occupational
d. organized
Police officers have considerable discretion.
a. True
b. False
Ly”ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to
assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000. Ly”ana assisted the local
department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the
prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The
defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.
Ly”ana was allowed to assist local law enforcement due to a law passed by
a. the U.S. president.
b. Congress.
c. the local mayor.
d. the governor.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _____ that if a parole officer alleges that a technical
violation occurred, a two-step revocation proceeding is required.
a. Brown v. Plata (2011)
b. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
c. The Second Chance Act of 2007
d. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Contemporary criminal justice policies
a. are often developed based upon differing ideological differences of conservatives and
liberals.
b. frequently find liberals advocating for stricter enforcement of law.
c. involve the expansion of law enforcement and swift punishment, and are usually
advocated by liberals.
d. often satisfy both competing ideologies.
Serious crimes that usually carry a penalty of incarceration for more than 1 year or the
death penalty are
a. misdemeanors.
b. felonies.
c. visible crimes.
d. violent crimes.
In 1984, Congress passed the Bail Reform Act, which authorized the use of
a. citations.
b. 10% cash bail.
c. release on recognizance.
d. preventive detention.
Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system
in the state in which he resides. This is his second offense. His first offense was
dismissed. Tyson’s actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a
classmate on Facebook. Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based
oncomments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
Tyson believes his offense is a status offense. Which statement about Tyson’s assertion
is correct?
a. Tyson is correct because cyberbullying is a behavior thatis not criminal if committed
by adults.
b. Tyson is correct because the school resource officer turned Tyson in and the SRO
would not have an adult.
c. Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is only illegal in a juvenile context.
d. Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is illegal for adults and juveniles.
Because trials are so infrequent, defense attorneys’ working lives tend to be quite
different than the lives of attorneys as portrayed on television.
a. True
b. False
Explain James Q. Wilson’s broken windows theory. Provide an example of when and
where the theory could be put into practice.
Those who participate in organized crime often move their criminal activities through a
maze of businesses, banks, and brokerage accounts through the act of___________.
A problem with state courts is the overlapping and conflicting ____________________.
The _____ was created by Congress in 1930, and currently operates a system of prisons
located throughout the nation.
Discuss how police officers balance actions, decision making, and discretion.
The _______ employees are the most numerous in prisons.
In ___________ the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the defendant’s claim that his attorney
did not adequately prepare for the sentencing hearing in a death penalty case
If the goal of the juvenile court is to protect juveniles and “act as parent,” how might
you explain the movement toward punitiveness since the 1980s?
Explain the difference between repetitive victimization and revictimization.
The U.S. Supreme Court case of _____ extended due process rights to juveniles.
Since the 1970s, capital punishment has been used exclusively for _______ offenses.
By a 7-to-2 vote in _____, the justices concluded that the attorneys for the death row
inmates had not proven that the use of lethal injection violates the Eighth Amendment.
____________________ law defines relationships among individuals in society.
Based on recent case law, is it appropriate that juveniles cannot receive life sentences
without the chance of parole for non-homicide cases?
____________________ refers to a guilty state of mind.
______ increases marital problems, alcohol abuse, and higher rates of suicide.
The chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court who brought about a due process
revolution was ____________________.
Successful prisoner reentry requires that parole and reentry support services focus on
linking offenders with community institutions, such as churches, families, self-help
groups, and _________.