_______ defendants are those who are too poor to afford their own lawyers.
a. Immigrant
b. Poor
c. Indigent
d. Minority
Which of the following is not a major duty of law enforcement agencies?
a. Keeping the peace
b. Preventing crime
c. Providing social services
d. Providing probation services
Plea bargaining can occur even when the evidence against the suspect is strong.
a. True
b. False
American citizens have always had the right to sue police departments for misconduct.
a. True
b. False
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory focuses on
a. adult experiences causing criminal behavior.
b. social explanations of crime.
c. biological explanations of crime.
d. unconscious drives and forces explaining crime.
Modern-day police practices use patrol units with two officers.
a. True
b. False
Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was
sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico;
however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife
and two young children. Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no
contact throughout the day. The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Because Javier is not a legal citizen of the United States, he would be considered a(n)
a. deported noncitizen.
b. documented worker.
c. undocumented worker.
d. citizen in wait.
Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need
much closer monitoring than her coworkers’ clients. Her client was sentenced to 6 years
of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute. The
client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in
his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during
the manufacturing process. Megan’s client’s biggest obstacle to successful of probation
is the home environment in which the client lives.
If Megan’s client were to commit a crime, this would be referred to as
a. return offender.
b. recriminalization.
c. recidivism.
d. redundancy.
In England, the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all
children was called
a. judicial waiver.
b. parens patriae.
c. delinquency doctrine.
d. status offense.
Eric has just been sentenced to a short term to be served within the community. He
knows his crime was a mistake and considers this experience to be the first and the last
time he will be involved with the criminal justice system. He plans to do everything that
he is required to do and make this time go by as easily as possible.
Eric’s short sentence to be served within the community is most likely
a. incarceration.
b. boot camp.
c. house arrest.
d. probation.
The right of the accused to a speedy and public trial is found in the ______
Amendment.
a. Fifth
b. Sixth
c. Seventh
d. Eighth
The research of Eisenstein and Jacob on the impact of courtroom workgroups across
major cities revealed that
a. the same type of felony was handled very differently in each city.
b. the same type of felony was handled the same in each city.
c. different types of felonies were handled very differently in each city.
d. different types of felonies were handled the same in each city.
Most day reporting centers incorporate multiple correctional methods.
a. True
b. False
Which is not one of the main concepts of juvenile justice?
a. Deinstitutionalization
b. Due process
c. Diversion
d. Detoxification
Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system
in the state in which he resides. This is his second offense. His first offense was
dismissed. Tyson’s actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a
classmate on Facebook. Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based
oncomments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
Tyson’s delinquent behavior would actually be called
a. cyberbullying.
b. cybercrime.
c. cybercontrol.
d. cyberincentives.
Emilie Durkheim believed that crime was an unnatural part of social life.
a. True
b. False
Searches are not permissible if a police helicopter flies overhead and witnesses illegal
activity.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true in comparing federal prisoners with state prisoners?
a. Federal prisoners are more often violent offenders.
b. Federal prisoners are convicted for the same types of crimes as state prisoners.
c. Federal prisoners are less likely to be foreigners.
d. Federal prisoners disproportionately comprise drug offenders.
Felony cases are processed and offenders are sentenced in the courts of _____
jurisdiction.
a. limited
b. general
c. specific
d. felony
The U.S. Supreme Court has decided that forfeitures
a. may sometimes violate the excessive fines clause of the Eighth Amendment.
b. always violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
c. can never result from a judicial order.
d. can involve homes but not automobiles.
Ly”ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to
assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000. Ly”ana assisted the local
department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the
prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The
defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.
Which of the following is not a reason for the expansion of the federal government?
a. the internationalization of crime
b. the creation of the Department of Homeland Security
c. the terrorist attacks of 9/11
d. lack of effective local law enforcement
Values and norms do not affect the functioning of a courtroom.
a. True
b. False
The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is ________ times higher
than the rate in the total U.S. population.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration.
a. True
b. False
The occupation of “bail bondsman” is a job unique to the United States.
a. True
b. False
A basic principle of the Pennsylvania System was an emphasis upon the social
interaction among prisoners.
a. True
b. False
The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using
instead one’s own judgment is referred to as
a. exchange.
b. interchange
c. system transfer.
d. discretion.
All halfway houses are operated by state administrative agencies.
a. True
b. False
Victimless crimes are often mala prohibita offenses and may include gambling,
prostitution, and marijuana use.
a. True
b. False
The use of crack cocaine in poor, poverty-laden communities has had little effect on
increasing the sentencing disparity.
a. True
b. False
The due process revolution occurred in which time frame?
a. 1920s to 1950s
b. 1930s to 1960s
c. 1940s to 1970s
d. 1950s to 1980s
Misdemeanors are usually punished by sentences of more than 1 year in prison.
a. True
b. False
The prosecutor represents the accused or convicted offenders in their dealings with
criminal justice officials.
a. True
b. False
Theories of crime causation do not affect laws and crime policies.
a. True
b. False
_______ has been described as a “transient state between liberty and recommitment.”
Which model of corrections do you think would be most successful in reducing
criminal behavior following incarceration?
A shared understanding that creates an expectation that a guilty plea will lead to a
less-than-maximum sentence is called a(n) ______.
Would the abuse of a suspect in a police station be considered an occupational crime or
a visible crime? Occupational crimes can be committed “through the exercise of
government authority.” Does this mean we blame the government or the individual for
such an offense?
In the _________ model, a case is accepted and charges are made only when there is
enough evidence to ensure conviction. For each case the prosecutor asks, “Will this case
result in a conviction?”
How does the use of segregation affect prisoners, especially during their initial
confinements?
Deportation hearings are conducted by______.
If a person waives his or her Fourth Amendment rights, this is referred to as a(n)
____________________ search.
Prison staff in the ________ group serves inmates and their needs.
Unstable _____ lack all three workgroup criteria: close working relationships, shared
values, and reasons to cooperate.
In the past three decades, the states and the federal government have passed laws that
_____ sentences for most crimes.
When ___________ is in jeopardy, police may question a suspect in custody without
providing the Miranda warnings.
____________________ crimes are committed in the context of a legal business or
profession.
Officers can make an arrest without a warrant when there are ____________, which
means that officers are in the middle of an urgent situation in which they must act
swiftly and do not have time to go to court to seek a warrant.
Eyewitness accounts are an example of ____ evidence.
Morris and Tonry have stated that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United
States, and judges tend to rely mostly on incarceration and probation. Discuss why this
is the case.
A _______ is an action of the executive branch of state or federal government
excluding the offense and absolving the offender from the consequences of the crime.