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Most theories about crime are based on men.
a. True
b. False
Law enforcement agencies that serve colleges and universities include
a. tribal police.
b. SWAT.
c. Interpol.
d. special jurisdiction agencies.
People generally have the least fear of crime in
a. rural areas.
b. suburban areas.
c. urban areas.
d. the workplace.
A significant deprivation of liberty because a person is taken into police custody,
transported to the police station or jail, and processed into the criminal justice system is
called a(n)
a. search.
b. stop.
c. arrest.
d. interrogation.
Plea bargaining is an example of an exchange relationship in the criminal justice
system.
a. True
b. False
In terms of inmate leadership, which of the following is not true?
a. In many large prisons administrators relied on tested inmate leaders to maintain
order.
b. Inmate leaders served as essential communications link between staff and inmates.
c. Riots and reports of violence are present but have declined.
d. Prisons seem to function less effectively now than they did in the past.
Which is true concerning the rate of AIDS in the prison population compared to the
general U.S. population?
a. It is significantly higher in the general population than in the prison population
b. It is slightly higher in the general population than in the prison population.
c. It is significantly higher in the prison population than in the general population.
d. It is slightly higher in the prison population than in the general population.
The U.S. Supreme Court has clearly defined the term "ineffective counsel."
a. True
b. False
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that juries of fewer than 12 members are
permitted by the U.S. Constitution?
a. Williams v. Florida(1970)
b. Boykin v. Alabama (1969)
c. North Carolina v. Alford (1970)
d. Ricketts v. Adamson (1987)
The death penalty was found to be racially discriminatory by the U.S. Supreme Court.
a. True
b. False
The conservative movement resurrected the concept of rationale choice and with it this
approach gained acceptance in the United States in the 1980s.
a. Post-classical school
b. The classical school
c. Positivist criminology
d. Neoclassical criminology
Parens patriae refers to the state as parent.
a. True
b. False
Appellate courts do not try criminal cases.
a. True
b. False
Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years. When she first started working
with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker. She worked many hours in facilitating
relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of
society. In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more
authoritarian. She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time
restricting their freedom.
When Miranda is assisting her clients with jobs and forging a relationship with them,
she is working in which capacity?
a. Social worker
b. Cop
c. Teacher
d. Preacher
Which is true concerning appeals?
a. Most appeals by criminal defendants are successful.
b. Most appeals by criminal defendants are not unsuccessful.
c. The number of successful appeals roughly equals the number of unsuccessful
appeals.
d. Criminal defendants are no longer permitted to file appeals.
If an individual voluntarily stops to speak with an officer, he is not been 'seized,"
because he is free to move along whenever he chooses.
a. True
b. False
Which chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court led a legal revolution that expanded the
constitutional rights of criminal defendants?
a. Rehnquist
b. Marshall
c. Taney
d. Warren
The epidemic of youth violence in the United States occurred simultaneously with an
increase in drug arrests.
a. True
b. False
Alan has always wanted to become a law enforcement officer. He has recently applied
to his local sheriff's department. He holds a bachelor's degree from a state university
and speaks Spanish as a second language. If hired, he will participate in a 16-week
basic law enforcement course before he goes into the field.
The department to which Alan is applying is in the process of calling his character
references. This process is a part of a
a. psychological tests
b. background check
c. fitness test
d. financial check
Police officers rarely feel isolated from the public.
a. True
b. False
The United States has no national police force.
a. True
b. False
Public defenders often have trouble gaining the trust and cooperation of their clients
because their clients know that they are paid by the state.
a. True
b. False
New technology means added funding and training.
a. True
b. False
Over half of the probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer.
a. True
b. False
Defendants have the right to an attorney for their first appeal.
a. True
b. False
With the punitive nature of the criminal justice system, release on parole has become
much easier for inmates to obtain.
a. True
b. False
Which person or organization has the most discretion with how the law is applied or
interpreted on the scene?
a. Police commissioners
b. The U.S. Supreme Court
c. The officer on the scene
d. U.S. attorney generals
Approximately ________ of state prisoners have not completed their high school
education.
a. 20%
b. 40%
c. 60%
d. 80%
Trials are influenced by human processes.
a. True
b. False
Which is true concerning the differences between men's and women's prisons?
a. Women have a more developed hidden economy.
b. Female inmates face more violence and physical confrontations.
c. Female inmates are more committed to the inmate code.
d. Women's prisons are smaller.
Some have argued that offenses that are mala prohibita should be illegal because they
lead to crimes considered to be mala in se. Give an example of one type of crime that
can lead to another. Which type of crime should we be more worried about?
A(n) _________ is a written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation,
submitted to the judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for
obtaining a warrant.
____ were the forerunner of the modern day parole system
_____________ is information, collected and analyzed by law enforcement officials,
concerning criminal activities and organizations such as gangs, drug traffickers, and
organized crime.
An Essay on Crimes and Punishments was written by ___________ in 1764.
Explain how plea bargaining is an exchange within the criminal justice system.
The FBI created the _________ to coordinate and lead its counterterrorism efforts.
Geographic concentrations of crime are called ____________________.
Explain two functions the police perform in society and how the public perceives police
performance in these areas.
What is the exclusionary rule and in what situations does it apply?
The ____________________ era of policing aimed to separate the police department
from the political system.
During a traffic stop, officers can order passengers as well as the driver to exit the
vehicle even if there is no basis for _______ that thepassengers are engaged in any
wrongdoing.
Complex bureaucracies such as police departments depend on clearly stated rules and
_______ to guide officers.
Court location can affect the court's decision-making processes in many ways. How
might you expect courts in urban and rural locations to differ? How might a change of
venue be used to deal with these differences?
Though the findings used with this are conclusive over 99% of the time, _________
evidence is not available to prove innocence in most cases.
The continuing difficulties faced by former inmates are sometimes referred to as
_______ punishments.
Explain why discretion is such an important component of the criminal justice system.
Could the American criminal justice system exist without discretion? Why or why not?
The three major goals of the three components (police, courts, and corrections) of the
American criminal justice system are _________________________.
The theory that "little problems" can lead to larger crime problems for neighborhoods is
called ____________________.
