Sarah is the responding officer at a domestic violence call. Upon arrival she is informed
by the female of the home that her ex-husband has violated a protective order and
entered her home. He held a gun to her head and threatened to kill her if she did not
allow him to move back into the home with her. There are two children in the home,
and the suspect has left the scene. This is the fourth time Sarah has responded to this
call in the last 2 months.
Sarah spent a good deal of her time stopping and investigating criminal acts. During
this time she fulfilled what police function?
a. Law enforcement
b. Order maintenance
c. Service
d. Departmental
The architectural design of a prison can influence the nature of interactions, including
opportunities for violence.
a. True
b. False
Crimes, such as gambling or prostitution, that are not “wrong in themselves” but are
prohibited by government, are called
a. mala prohibita.
b. mala in se.
c. felonies.
d. norms.
Which theory contains the idea that any person, regardless of education, class, or
upbringing, can become a criminal?
a. Biological theory
b. Social process theory
c. Social conflict theory
d. Social structure theory
Which of the defense attorneys would receive their pay from the government?
a. Public defender
b. Assigned counsel
c. Contract counsel
d. Pro bono representation
In the United States, the judicial system operates according to a(n) _______ system of
justice.
a. adversarial
b. inquisitorial
c. civil law
d. authoritarian
Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state. Chan Le has an extremely
large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle
of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught
shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store. Two days
prior, this client failed a drug test.
Which is true about the role Chan plays in the revocation and termination ofprobation?
a. Chan has some discretion as to whether he will recommend revocation for a technical
offense.
b. Revocation could ultimately save $50,000 or more in prison costs.
c. Chan’s revocation rates for probationers probably differ significantly from other
jurisdictions.
d. Only a and c.
Citizens’ involvement in shaping public policies, laws, and the quality of life in society
is called
a. a social movement.
b. due process.
c. legalistic enforcement.
d. civic engagement.
Public support for police budgets is greatest when police departments stress the service
function.
a. True
b. False
David has worked for his municipal police department for 10 years. He has seen his fair
share of homicide and rape victims. He remembers a the time when he used to be
excited to hear the next call for service. Currently, he dreads to hear the radio calls for
assistance. David tries to remember that he is keeping his community safe by
performing his job. He also remembers that he has a family of his own he wants to keep
safe as well.
David has noticed that he has lost ties to all of his friends who are not in law
enforcement. He primarily associates with those who carry a gun and a badge because
fellow officers are the only ones who understand what a police officer has to endure.
This results in
a. insecurity.
b. isolation.
c. aggression.
d. burnout.
According to the lifestyle exposure model, which of the following does not affect
victimization?
a. Exposure
b. Associations
c. Lifestyle
d. Self-control
Eli is a public defender who is representing his client in a first-degree murder case. A
plea arrangement could not be arranged, so the case is going to trial. In a matter of
weeks, Eli will be forced to help seat a jury. He is hoping to have a chance to select
jurors who will sympathize with his client, who grew up in abject poverty and has a low
IQ. Eli is not sure what the outcome of this case will be considering that there is not an
eyewitness to testify.
If a prospective juror states that all people who are poor are just lazy and deserve to be
in prison, Eli can request that the juror be removed by requesting a
a. peremptory challenge.
b. challenge for cause.
c. voir dire.
d. dismissal.
According to the ruling in _____, prosecutors may, for example, threaten repeat
offenders with life sentences under habitual offender statutes if they do not agree to
plead guilty and accept specified terms of imprisonment.
a. Bordenkircher v. Hayes (1978)
b. Boykin v. Alabama (1969)
c. North Carolina v. Alford (1970)
d. Ricketts v. Adamson (1987)
The U.S. Supreme Court recently repeated its endorsement of the Miranda requirements
in
a. Kyllo v. U.S. (2001).
b. Maryland v. Wilson (1997).
c. Dickerson v. U.S. (2000).
d. Romer v. Evans (1995).
Which would be a reason for the growth in the prison population?
a. The increased number of private prisons
b. The increased number of criminal justice programs
c. The three-fold increase in the parole population
d. Fewer offenders being sentenced to the community
The Bureau of Justice Statistics found that most prisoners are
a. young minority males with less than a high school education.
b. older minority males with a high school education.
c. young minority females with less than a high school education.
d. older white males from organized crime groups.
Kasey is a FBI agent and has worked in the department for 6 years. Prior to her tenure
with the FBI, she worked for her local city police department for 4 years. She plans to
retire from the FBI within 20 years. Kasey has had the opportunity to work in various
capacities while working for the FBI, such as fighting terrorism and violent crime.
Kasey worked for her local city police department before becoming an FBI agent.
While working for the city police department, Kasey worked for which type of law
enforcement agency?
a. Federal
b. County
c. Municipal
d. State
Which statement is falseregarding home confinement?
a. Home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from home.
b. Electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment.
c. Home confinement raises the issue of the right to privacy because governmental
corrections supervision has invaded a private home.
d. Electronic monitoring in home confinement may involve technical problems with the
effectiveness of the equipment.
What was the focus of the U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the
“Kids Are Different” era?
a. Legalization of the juvenile law
b. Establishment of a separate system for juveniles
c. Deinstitutionalization of status offenders
d. Elimination of the death penalty for juveniles
Which theorist argued that the women’s movement increased the role of women in
criminal activity?
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Freda Adler
c. Edwin Sutherland
d. Richard Herrnstein
Most criminal cases are heard at the federal level.
a. True
b. False
In the past decade, the number of appeals has
a. increased at both the state and federal levels.
b. decreased at both the state and federal levels.
c. increased at the state level, but decreased at the federal level.
d. increased at the federal level, but decreased at the state level.
Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years. When she first started working
with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker. She worked many hours in facilitating
relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of
society. In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more
authoritarian. She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time
restricting their freedom.
As a parole officer, Miranda engages in all of the following tasks except:
a. providinghelp in finding a job and restoring family ties for clients.
b. channeling clients to social agencies where they can obtain help.
c. finding clients their old acquaintances.
d. developing a relationship with clients.
Alex was recently found guilty of first-degree murder. Based upon state law, the judge
was forced to use a system/guideline to determine the sentence that he was to receive.
Alex was sentenced to 25 years in prison. He will spend his time in a prison
approximately 25 miles from his home. Alex was thankful for this sentence because it
was a death penalty case otherwise.
Alex will be under lock and key for the next 25 years. He will not be able to harm
anyone in the general public, which is a form of
a. rehabilitation.
b. incapacitation.
c. restorative justice.
d. intermediate sanction.
Celebrated cases that are highly scrutinized, have jury trials and the lengthy detailed
appeals are typically found at Layer 1 of the criminal justice wedding cake..
a. True
b. False
The Declaration of Principles urged that prisons should operate according to a
philosophy of inmate punishment.
a. True
b. False
Some believe that plea bargaining is unethical because it results in longer sentences
than would have been obtained at trial.
a. True
b. False
Which theory views family and peers as primary influences on criminal activity?
a. Control theory
b. Labeling theory
c. Learning theory
d. Conflict theory
James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in
danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently
found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client’s earnings into his own
account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has
been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that
he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as
a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go
easy on him because he is a first-time offender.
When James walked into his office on Wednesday morning, he was met by his
supervisor and law enforcement. What type of crime did James participate in?
a. Organized crime
b. Political crime
c. Victimless crime
d. Occupational crime
Increased public and business awareness and the use of more cost-effective private
security services has had little effect on the use of private security.
a. True
b. False
Which is true concerning prison programs?
a. They are readily available to prisoners.
b. Legislators today are financially supportive of prisoner programs.
c. More programs tend to increase hostilities in prison.
d. Classification of prisoners and assignment to various programs often are based on the
needs of administrators.
For most cases, the most important step in the criminal justice process is _____.
Community-based options include ______, in which juvenile offenders live with
families, usually for a short period, and group homes, often privately run facilities for
groups of 12-20 juvenile offenders.
Explain how recent high-profile cases may suggest or refute racial disparity within the
criminal justice system.
How might you explain the renewed interest in biological explanations of crime?
During the __________, the police decide whether to refer the child to court.
How has the use of technology affected prisoners? How has it challenged guards?
Explain the difference between murder and manslaughter.
The theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in
order to secure loans, withdraw bank funds, and purchase merchandise while posing as
someone else is known as __________.
The power of a _______ to decide if a prisoner was “ready” to be released was
abolished in mandatory release states.
The _______ attorney frequently consoles the defendant’s family and provides answers
to questions about what comes next.
____ is the juvenile equivalent of adult parole.
Explain how law enforcement, courts, and corrections work together to form the
criminal justice system. Explain the duties of each subsystem.
Determine and explain what constitutes racial profiling. Give three examples of racial
profiling.
The _________ Amendment does not refer to a jury of one’s peers; instead the Supreme
Court has held that the amendment requires a selection process from a cross-section of
the community.
A sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specified
periods is called ____.
The ____________________ permits officers to notice and use as evidence the items
that are visible to them.
Compare and contrast the plain view doctrine and warrantless searchesthrough the use
of examples.What is the key difference between them?
Why might Americans believe there is a serious crime problem in the United States,
when in fact crime rates have been steadily decreasing?