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61. Police components that directly perform field operations and carry out the basic functions of patrol, investigation,
traffic, vice, juvenile, and are so on are called _________ functions.
a.
line
b.
patrol
c.
sworn
d.
preventative
62. The _________ raised questions about whether and how police patrol impacts crime and crime rates. Thus police
departments have tried various means to use patrol in order to provide service, maintain order, and achieve improvements
in crime prevention and crime control.
a.
Charlotte experiment
b.
Oakland experiment
c.
New York City experiment
d.
Kansas City experiment
63. Which is not a characteristic of the SARA strategy for problem solving?
a.
Scanning the social environment to identify problems
b.
Analysis of the problem by collecting information
c.
Response to the problem by developing and employing remedies
d.
Assessment of the solutions to make addition recommendations
64. _______ is an influential theory about increases in fear and crime within neighborhoods when there is insufficient
police attention to seemingly minor public order offenses such as vandalism, loitering, aggressive panhandling, and
prostitution.
a.
Learning theory
b.
Broken windows theory
c.
Differential learning association
d.
Social control theory
65. Steve Herbert found a high sense of morality in the law enforcement subculture. Which is not a dilemma that officers
must overcome?
a.
The contradiction between the goal of preventing crime and the officers’ inability to do so
b.
The fact that officers must use their discretion to “handle” situations in ways that do not strictly follow
procedures
c.
The fact that what is right is not always legal
d.
The fact that they invariably act against at least one citizen’s interest, often with recourse to coercive force that
can maim or kill
Alan has always wanted to become a law enforcement officer. He has recently applied to his local sheriff’s department.
He holds a bachelor’s degree from a state university and speaks Spanish as a second language. If hired, he will
participate in a 16-week basic law enforcement course before he goes into the field.
66. How much money can Alan expect to make as a new recruit based upon the current data for non-collective- bargaining
departments?
a.
$38,621
b.
$28,376
c.
$60,000
d.
$43,465
67. Based upon Alan’s education level, which of the following would not be an area where we he would be more
successful than a lesser less-educated law enforcement officer?
a.
Report writing
b.
Less improper use of force
c.
Higher arrest rates
d.
Less citizen complaints
68. Which of the following would not be a standard part of Alan’s curriculum through BLET?
a.
Weapons use
b.
CPR training
c.
Prison procedure
d.
Legal rules
69. The department to which Alan is applying is in the process of calling his character references. This process is a part of
a
a.
psychological tests
b.
background check
c.
fitness test
d.
financial check
David has worked for his municipal police department for 10 years. He has seen his fair share of homicide and rape
victims. He remembers a the time when he used to be excited to hear the next call for service. Currently, he dreads to
hear the radio calls for assistance. David tries to remember that he is keeping his community safe by performing his job.
He also remembers that he has a family of his own he wants to keep safe as well.
70. Because David has worked in his municipal police department for 10 years, he has grown accustomed to the symbols,
beliefs, and customs of his the department. This is often referred to as the
a.
socialization.
b.
subculture.
c.
working personality.
d.
authority.
71. David is suffering from stress due to his interactions with those involved in the criminal justice system, whom he is
forced to arrest and help prosecute on a day-to-day basis. Which type of stress is David suffering from?
a.
External
b.
Organizational
c.
Personal
d.
Operational
72. David also suffers from the stress of a constantly rotating schedule, which forces him to work at nights, on weekends,
and on holidays. What type of stress does David suffer from in regard to his schedule and the time with his family?
a.
External
b.
Organizational
c.
Personal
d.
Operational
73. David has noticed that he has lost ties to all of his friends who are not in law enforcement. He primarily associates
with those who carry a gun and a badge because fellow officers are the only ones who understand what a police officer
has to endure. This results in
a.
insecurity.
b.
isolation.
c.
aggression.
d.
burnout.
74. David has seen the percentage of crimes he has solved decrease and this has contributed to his stress. The decrease in
solved crimes is a measure of the
a.
incident-driven policing.
b.
clearance rate.
c.
differential response.
d.
line functions.
Andrica is the chief of police for a mid-size department. She has recently reviewed the data on how to serve the
community better, including preventing crime and responding to calls. Andrica would like to incorporate additional
strategies to improve all issues, but wants to make sure she has officer buy-in for any new methods.
75. Andrica has considered buying a drone for surveillance to prevent future crimes from occurring. This would be
considered a type of __________ law enforcement.
a.
proactive
b.
reactive
c.
informed
d.
substantiated
76. Andrica would also like to change how her officers receive calls. She would like the highest-priority calls to go out
first. This is an example of
a.
a differential response system.
b.
incident-driven policing.
c.
evidence-based policing.
d.
reactive-based policing.
77. Andrica’s department gets many social service calls, and officers spend a great deal of time on service-related calls.
Andrica would like to develop this type of community-based crime prevention. This is known as __________ policing.
a.
incident-driven
b.
evidence-based
c.
community
d.
reactive
78. Which of the following is true of Andrica in the police force?
a.
She probably faces the same stress as her male counterparts in the force.
b.
Since she works at a large police department, there is likely a higher proportion of women as sworn officers.
c.
She probably faced no prejudice in police work.
d.
She is likely a minority at her police department and faces a variety of challenges.
79. The code of silence in many police departments against turning in bad cops is a feature of
a.
a subculture.
b.
a subcommunity.
c.
a suboccupation.
d.
subprofessionals.
80. Which is not an instance of proactive police?
a.
Responding to citizen calls for service.
b.
Initiating actions in the absence of citizen requests.
c.
Operating according to “hunches.”
d.
Stopping crime before it happens.
81. Which special operational unit in a police department enforces laws against prostitution?
a.
Vice
b.
Traffic
c.
Patrol
d.
Internal affairs
82. Detectives usually are employed to deliver which police function?
a.
Media relations
b.
Investigate
c.
Apprehension
d.
Research
83. Responding to danger is a component of a police officer's
a.
working personality.
b.
work responsibility.
c.
socialization.
d.
culturalization.
84. The first ____________________ police officer was hired in Portland, Oregon, in 1905.
85. Learning informal practices as well as formal rules is the process of ____________________.
86. ____________________ is a subdivision of a national culture defined by occupation, ethnicity, class, and residence.
87. A police officer’s ____________________ is a complex set of emotional and behavioral characteristics.
88. The two most important elements of the police officer’s working personality are ____________________ and
____________________.
89. The real threats on the job are called ____________________ stresses.
90. ____________________ stress is produced by the paramilitary character of police forces.
91. Generally, police patrol duties in a democracy are organized to be ____________________.
92. When police prioritize calls, this is called ____________________.
93. The ____________________ is the percentage of crimes known to police that have been solved through an arrest.
94. ____________________ and ____________________ are the two largest and most important units in a police
department.
95. ____________________ assigns resources so as to obtain the largest number of arrests.
96. Enforcement of vice laws depends on ____________________ police work.
97. Geographic concentrations of crime are called ____________________.
98. The different types of patrol are foot, bicycle, and ____________________ patrol.
99. Agencies increasingly require recruits to undergo ____________, because each officer will ultimately make important
discretionary decisions, including those that may determine life and death in stressful situations.
100. The performance of the police is not based solely on the types of people recruited; it is also shaped by their _______.
101. ________ is caused by an officer’s racial or gender status among peers, which can create problems in getting along
with other officers and adjusting to group values that differ from one’s own.
102. The word _________ is derived from a French word, patrouiller, meaning “to tramp about in the mud.”
103. ___________ are police employees who have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and
use necessary force, in accordance with their duties.
104. ___________ is an approach to policing in which officers routinely seek to identify, analyze, and respond to the
circumstances underlying the incidents that prompt citizens to call the police.
105. __________ is where the officer learns the subculture of the department.
106. ______ increases marital problems, alcohol abuse, and higher rates of suicide.
107. Departments may determine ________ by determining how many citations an officer writes or the
particular clearance rate.
108. Drug enforcement falls under the goal of _______ patrol.
109. Research shows that crime is not spread over an entire beat; instead it develops in what is called _______.
110. Police departments use several methods to measure police productivity. In light of the shift to community policing
(and away from punitive crime control), can measures such as arrests and traffic stops still be used to gauge police
productivity? In your answer, suggest alternative measures if appropriate.
111. According to the research on policing, officers have a significant amount of discretionary time during their shifts. If
you were a police administrator, how might you attempt to keep your officers accountable for their time? What style of
policing would you promote to reflect your style?
112. Different departments allocate their officers in different ways—some departments have more officers on patrol than
others, and some departments (such as in Houston, Texas) stress criminal investigation. What factors might affect these
different distributions?
113. What explanations address why there are fewer female officers in most police departments? Should there be efforts
to change this? Why or why not?
114. How does isolation help to define the police officer’s working personality?
115. Through the use of examples, discuss how do budget cuts on law enforcement agencies have an impact on the role of
police in the community.
116. From the perspective of police officer's role and performance in fighting crime, what does the term “intelligence”
mean? How have there been improvements in this area?
117. How does the use of technology within the community benefit both the community and police departments in
combating crime?
118. Explain how the broken windows theory impacts aggressive patrol.
119. Predict the future of law enforcement within the next 10 years. Take into account budget cuts and the vast increases
in technology.
120. Describe the main functions of police patrol, investigation, and special operations units.
121. Discuss why people become police officers and how they learn to do their jobs.
