Officers who use their power for personal gain and usually receive media attention for
their actions when discovered are called
a. meat eaters.
b. grass eaters.
c. weed eaters.
d. night eaters.
Which is true concerning the authority of prison officials?
a. The authority of prison officials is unlimited.
b. The authority of prison officials is limited.
c. Prison officials have no authority.
d. The authority of prison officials is limited in state prisons, but unlimited in federal
prisons.
With an estimated 13million admissions and releases per year, more people directly
experience _____ than experience prisons, mental hospitals, and halfway houses
combined.
a. boot camps
b. parole
c. probation
d. jails
Public order crimes include public drunkenness, vandalism, and disorderly conduct.
a. True
b. False
Boot camps put offenders through a 3- to 9-month physical regimen designed to
develop discipline and respect for authority.
a. True
b. False
Police functions that directly involve field operations such as patrol and investigation
are called _____ functions.
a. line
b. staff
c. sworn
d. preventive
Contemporary prisoners are more likely to come from urban areas and to have been
convicted of drug offenses than prisoners in the past.
a. True
b. False
Alan has always wanted to become a law enforcement officer. He has recently applied
to his local sheriff’s department. He holds a bachelor’s degree from a state university
and speaks Spanish as a second language. If hired, he will participate in a 16-week
basic law enforcement course before he goes into the field.
How much money can Alan expect to make as a new recruit based upon the current data
for non-collective- bargaining departments?
a. $38,621
b. $28,376
c. $60,000
d. $43,465
Detectives usually are employed to deliver which police function?
a. Media relations
b. Investigate
c. Apprehension
d. Research
Charges are not likely brought against offenders when victims
a. are upstanding members of society.
b. are not credible.
c. want the offender prosecuted.
d. are trustworthy.
Which statements best describes the method of judicial “nonpartisan election”?
a. Judges are appointed by the governor.
b. Judges are selected by the legislator.
c. Judges are first appointed by a commission, then voters approve the appointment
later.
d. Judges run for election and are not endorsed by political parties.
Which is not true about defense attorneys?
a. Defense attorneys often provide psychological support for defendants and their
families.
b. Defense attorneys advise defendants of their constitutional rights.
c. Defense attorneys act in accordance with their image on television dramas.
d. Defense attorneys must maintain relationships with prosecutors and judges to be
effective.
Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need
much closer monitoring than her coworkers’ clients. Her client was sentenced to 6 years
of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with intent to distribute. The
client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in
his home as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during
the manufacturing process. Megan’s client’s biggest obstacle to successful of probation
is the home environment in which the client lives.
Megan’s client is forced to spend a specific, detailed amount of time in his home as part
of his probation., which is referredto as
a. restitution.
b. fines.
c. home confinement.
d. day reporting.
Which of the following is true regarding the changing profile of a police officer?
a. Most police officers are either women or a racial or ethnic minority
b. Today almost 1 in 3 officers is female.
c. The percentage of female officers has not changed since the 1970s.
d. The percentage of female officers has doubled since the 1970s, but females still
comprise only about 12% of all officers.
State correctional facilities are classified according to the
a. size of the prison population.
b. level of security.
c. race of the prisoners.
d. geographic characteristics of the area.
Police help maintain order by enforcing traffic laws.
a. True
b. False
Individual Americans influence criminal justice policy through their involvement in
community organizations, such as
a. neighborhood associations.
b. parent-teacher organizations.
c. church groups.
d. all of the above.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that police must use “objective reasonableness” in
judging whether to use deadly force in the case of
a. Whren v. U.S. (1996).
b. Maryland v. Wilson (1997).
c. Tennessee v. Garner (1985).
d. Graham v. Connor (1989).
Which of the following is a necessary element in the definition of rape?
a. Physical evidence
b. Witnesses
c. Alcohol use
d. Force
Who grants pardons in the United States?
a. Congress and state legislatures
b. Presidents and state governors
c. U.S. Supreme Court and state supreme courts
d. Attorney General and state attorney generals
Trial courts of limited jurisdiction have jurisdiction over all offenses, including felonies
and appeals.
a. True
b. False
__________ had fewer opportunities to enter the legal profession prior to the 1960s and
thus were seldom considered for judgeships.
a. Women
b. Men
c. The elderly
d. College-educated men and women
Approximately ________ of correctional officers are members of minority groups.
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%
Brady has just been charged with murder in the first degree. His previous record
includes several drug charges and a sexual assault that is pending. Brady will not be
released on bail. His attorney believes the prosecutor and judge will agree to a 20-year
sentence through a plea bargain, which will eliminate the chance of a life sentence.
Brady will not be released on bail and will await his trial
a. on house arrest.
b. on preventive detention.
c. on parole.
d. in prison.
Which of the following factors is not among the plausible explanations presented by
Cole and Smith for the growth in the prison population?
a. Tougher sentencing
b. Prison construction
c. The War on Drugs
d. The dramaticincrease in the crime rate over the past two decades
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe
with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised
to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have
happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth
realized that a crime had been committed against her.
Elizabeth was most likely the victim of identity theft perpetrated by
a. a transnational crime syndicate.
b. local criminal element.
c. organized crime.
d. possibly all of the above
The Mapp v. Ohio (1961) case forced the exclusionary rule to apply to both federal and
state cases.
a. True
b. False
The number of prisoners serving “natural life” sentences has tripled since 1992 and now
comprises_______ of the prison population
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 25%
For much of U.S. history, criminal defendants were not guaranteed the right to an
attorney in all states.
a. True
b. False
What entity in our society is primarily responsible for crime and justice issues?
a. Government
b. Interest groups
c. Grassroots groups
d. Scholars