Which of the following is true about the use of discretion by a police officer?
a. The more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it.
b. A suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer.
c. Policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion.
d. The closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more
variable the use of discretion.
Status offenders make up about ____ of the juvenile court caseload.
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%
State courts have huge caseloads.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true about privately run prisons?
a. Private prisons are regarded as more costly.
b. Private prisons are regarded as unreliable.
c. The profit incentive can interfere with the quality of service.
d. Private prisons do not have to comply with the standards of federal agencies.
Police officers must avoid any appearance of conflict of interest when they accept
private employment.
a. True
b. False
Looking only at victim statistics, police kill more young African American men than
young Caucasian men.
a. True
b. False
Under common law, children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of
a. 3.
b. 5.
c. 7.
d. 10.
Most people believe that parolees who fail a drug test should be sent back to prison.
a. True
b. False
Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was
sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico;
however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife
and two young children. Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no
contact throughout the day. The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Once Javier completes his 10-year sentence, the next step is
a. halfway house placement.
b. parole.
c. reformatory placement.
d. deportation.
Which is not a name given to a prosecuting attorney?
a. District attorney
b. State’s attorney
c. Commonwealth attorney
d. The people’s attorney
Eli is a public defender who is representing his client in a first-degree murder case. A
plea arrangement could not be arranged, so the case is going to trial. In a matter of
weeks, Eli will be forced to help seat a jury. He is hoping to have a chance to select
jurors who will sympathize with his client, who grew up in abject poverty and has a low
IQ. Eli is not sure what the outcome of this case will be considering that there is not an
eyewitness to testify.
Lacking DNA evidence and an eye witness to the crime, Eli believes the prosecutor
may use his defendant’s poverty to create a case based on the jury drawing conclusions
from ______ evidence.
a. circumstantial
b. direct
c. real
d. demonstrative
Which of the following is true concerning prison rates in Europe compared with rates in
the United States?
a. Europe and the United States have similar incarceration rates.
b. Europe has a higher incarceration rate.
c. The United States has a higher incarceration rate.
d. Europe and the United States have identical incarceration rates.
In the American criminal justice system, most cases proceed all the way to trial.
a. True
b. False
What are the three social process theories?
a. Learning, control, and labeling
b. Biological, psychological, and sociological
c. Id, ego, and superego
d. Critical, radical, and Marxist
According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing
teenagers today?
a. Alcohol
b. Poor quality of education
c. Drugs
d. Crime
Women now comprise nearly one-quarter of the entire U.S. prison population.
a. True
b. False
In the United States, the distinction between criminal and civil law is minimal.
a. True
b. False
The most commonly used type of release from incarceration is mandatory release.
a. True
b. False
A predominant goal within juvenile corrections is to avoid unnecessary incarceration.
a. True
b. False
What system held prisoners in isolation at night and made them work with fellow
prisoners in shops during the day?
a. Medical
b. Congregate
c. Separate confinement
d. Crime control
The U.S. Supreme Court developed the stop-and-frisk exception, whereby a police
officer could pat down a suspicious person without a warrant, in the landmark case of
a. Mapp v. Ohio (1961).
b. Terry v. Ohio (1968).
c. Chimel v. California (1969).
d. Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
Police have not developed a new law enforcement weapon in over 50 years.
a. True
b. False
The amount of ________ is based mainly on the judge’s view of the seriousness of the
crime and of the defendant’s record.
a. bail
b. court dates
c. appearances
d. fines
It is constitutional for states to execute persons under the age of 18.
a. True
b. False
The state’s governor appoints most local prosecutors.
a. True
b. False
Parolees have a limited right to an attorney than do probationers.
a. True
b. False
Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers. He
has also had a difficult time maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.
He is working with other wardens within the state to review possible incentives for all
correctional staff. He has found that there is a huge shortage of staff members who
would be considered minorities, including women.
Warden Campbell has become concerned that some of her officers are having illicit
sexual relations with the female inmates. Which of the following actions is the warden
likely to enact?
a. Increase the supervision staff members.
b. Decrease the number of female officers.
c. Increase the number of male officers.
d. Restrict privileges for all prisoners.
A defense attorney who works to prepare the defendant for the likely outcome of
punishment and who helps persuade the defendant to plead guilty is said to be
performing the role of:
a. agent-mediator
b. slow plea of guilty
c. beleaguered dealer
d. beleaguered guilty
A strategy for addressing domestic violence that is supported by some research suggests
to:
a. remove the victim from the home and then place the victim in a homeless shelter.
b. make no arrests.
c. make arrests in all cases.
d. bring a counselor to the scene of all domestic violence calls.
Many police departments have special juvenile units.
a. True
b. False
Correctional programs are operated by which level of government?
a. Federal only
b. Federal and state only
c. State and county only
d. Federal, state, and county
_____ is a sentence in which the offender is released after a short incarceration and
resentenced to probation.
A plea of guilty must be _______.
When offenders are absolved from the consequences of their crimes by executive order,
they have received ______.
Oral evidence provided by a legally competent witness is called ______.
Criminal law is divided into ____________________ law and ____________________
law.
The ____________________ was used as a defense if someone committed a criminal
act as a result of mental illness.
The series of events from the arrest of a suspect to the filing of a formal charge is called
the _______ process.
The legal attorney who represents the accused is called a(n) _________.
A court’s _________ is the geographic territory or legal boundaries within which
control maybe exercised, or the range of the court’s authority.
The advent of ____ analysis has had a large impact on exonerating the innocent.
____________________ are officers who accept payoffs that circumstances of police
work bring their way.
The daytime release of inmates to go to work or school is called ______.
______ ruled that juvenile offenders cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without
the possibility of parole (LWOP) for non-homicide crimes.
There have been many critics of the USA Patriot Act, who claim that the act infringes
on individual rights and possibly violates the U.S. Constitution. Do you agree with
these critics, or does the Patriot Act help to keep our country safer? Defend your
position.
Judges have three major roles: adjudicator, negotiator, and _________.
It is an established fact that those who work within the public defender’s office have an
extensive caseload and low salary. What would draw an attorney to work in such
circumstances? How do these characteristics impact attorney competence?
What are the technological advances that can be used as investigative tools for law
enforcement agencies?