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True / False
1. The percentage of incarcerated drug offenders has increased significantly in the past 20 years.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Community members do not have any responsibility for ex-offenders released into their neighborhoods.
a.
True
b.
False
3. With the punitive nature of the criminal justice system, release on parole has become much easier for inmates to obtain.
a.
True
b.
False
4. In Japan, the justice system focuses solely on the offender and not on the community.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The most commonly used type of release from incarceration is mandatory release.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Discretionary release affects other aspects of the system, including sentencing, plea bargaining, and the size of prison
populations.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Discretionary release is sometimes criticized for following judicial recommendations too closely.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Some states allow victims to make statements at parole board hearings.
a.
True
b.
False
9. A parolee can be prevented from working as a bartender by a parole officer.
a.
True
b.
False
10. In-custody visitation allows inmates to leave prison temporarily to visit family.
a.
True
b.
False
11. All halfway houses are operated by state administrative agencies.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Although parole officers must sometimes act in the role of a “cop,” they do not have the power to enforce conditions
of release.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Most parole officers have little difficulty in monitoring the behavior of parolees.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Most offenders released on parole begin to adjust quickly to the outside world.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Media coverage of parole and parolees tends to be sympathetic and understanding.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Increasing restrictions on parolees also affects their families and communities.
a.
True
b.
False
17. In some communities, individuals on the sex offender registry have committed very low-level offenses.
a.
True
b.
False
18. If a parole officer finds that a parolee has committed a technical violation, he or she can revoke parole without a
hearing.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Most people believe that parolees who fail a drug test should be sent back to prison.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Many parolees “max out” on time and cannot be held any longer, regardless of how the parole board feels about the
inmate.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Civil disabilities imposed on ex-felons can hinder their complete reintegration into society.
a.
True
b.
False
22. The Second Chance Act, signed into law by George W. Bush, authorizes states to punish parole offenders more
harshly.
a.
True
b.
False
23. A pardon will not erase the criminal record of an offender.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Pardons are sometimes given to remedy a miscarriage of justice.
a.
True
b.
False
25. Parole decisions can be made arbitrarily, depending on the whims of the parole board.
a.
True
b.
False
26. The civil disabilities of ex-felons can include loss of the right to vote and to hold public office.
a.
True
b.
False
27. All states must assist reentry though the creation of reentry institutions.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Tickets of leave were the forerunner of the modern-day parole system.
a.
True
b.
False
29. There is no discretion involved in the release date with mandatory releases.
a.
True
b.
False
30. Wrongway houses are transitional facility for soon-to-be-released inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
31. There is always the potential for revocation of parole.
a.
True
b.
False
32. A pardon is an action of the executive branch of state or federal government which absolves the offender from the
consequences of the crime.
a.
True
b.
False
Multiple Choice
33. Which facility allows inmates to spend a portion of the day at work but reside in a nonsecure facility outside of
prison?
a.
Minimum security prison
b.
Halfway house
c.
Ticket of leave
d.
Furlough
34. The earliest forms of parole used
a.
ISP.
b.
pardons of leave.
c.
tickets of leave.
d.
responsibility vouchers.
35. Which is not a function of the parole officer as social worker?
a.
Help the parolee find a job and restore family ties.
b.
Channel parolees to social agencies where they can obtain help.
c.
Lead prayer meetings and church socials.
d.
Develop a relationship with the parolee.
36. In the early parole system in the United States, prisoners were released on parole when
a.
their sentences expired.
b.
the prisons became full.
c.
the victims consented to their release.
d.
their conduct showed they were ready to return.
37. Which is true about parole boards?
a.
Parole boards have become hesitant in granting parole for fear of being perceived as “soft” on crime.
b.
Parole boards are always comprised of corrections experts.
c.
Parole boards can predict accurately the future behavior of an offender.
d.
Parole boards are always independent from the department of corrections.
38. Which is not a concept upon which parole is based?
a.
Grace
b.
Rehabilitation
c.
Contract
d.
Custody
39. Which is the most commonly used method of release into the community?
a.
Discretionary release
b.
Judicial release
c.
Mandatory release
d.
Expiration release
40. Which actor/entity typically determines discretionary release of state prisoners?
a.
State prison release commissioner
b.
Parole board
c.
State supreme court
d.
Prison warden
41. When an inmate is released after he or she has served time equal to the total sentence minus good time, this is called
_____ release.
a.
mandatory
b.
discretionary
c.
unconditional
d.
community
42. Which type of release involves the parole board making decisions?
a.
Mandatory release
b.
Discretionary release
c.
Unconditional release
d.
Community release
43. What is another (politically sensitive) term used for “other conditional release”?
a.
Mandatory parole
b.
Mandatory release
c.
Discretionary release
d.
Discretionary parole
44. An expiration release means that the inmate
a.
has died.
b.
cannot serve any additional time.
c.
has been granted a furlough.
d.
is terminally ill.
45. The laws and rules that must be followed by parolees are called
a.
parole conditions.
b.
the sentencing contract.
c.
constitutional restrictions.
d.
conditions of release.
46. In most states, who is permitted to attend parole hearings?
a.
Board members only
b.
The inmate only
c.
Correctional officers only
d.
Board members, the inmate, and correctional officers
47. What group is most likely to be unemployed in the United States after release from prison?
a.
Male Caucasians under the age of 30
b.
Male Hispanics under the age of 30
c.
Male African Americans under the age of 30
d.
Male African Americans aged 30 or over
48. When inmates are released from correctional institutions during the day so they may work or attend school, this is
called ______ release.
a.
mandatory
b.
discretionary
c.
unconditional
d.
work and educational
49. Up to 90% of released offenders do not participate in transitional programs because most released offenders:
a.
don’t want to use them.
b.
cannot access them.
c.
receive this instruction while in prison.
d.
do not need transitional programs.
50. The temporary release of an inmate from a correctional institution for a visit home is called
a.
a pardon.
b.
clemency.
c.
a furlough.
d.
a halfway visit.
51. According to Travis and Petersilia, which is not a factor that contributes to the reentry problem?
a.
Reduced powers of parole boards
b.
Increased drug use by inmates in prison
c.
Diminished opportunities for inmates to complete rehabilitation programs
d.
Offenders being incarcerated for longer periods
52. What are the two roles played by parole officers?
a.
Cop and minister
b.
Warden and cop
c.
Cop and social worker
d.
Warden and therapist
53. It can be difficult to place halfway houses in communities due to the public sentiment referred to as
a.
“no offenders in my neighborhood” (NOIMN).
b.
“take inmates out of communities” (TIOOC).
c.
“keep them locked up tight” (KTLUT).
d.
“not in my backyard” (NIMBY).
54. Parolees who are behave according to their conditions of release may be adjusted to _________ surveillance.
a.
rescinded
b.
reattributed
c.
readjustment
d.
restorative
55. What are the “invisible punishments” offenders are subjected to after release from incarceration?
a.
Difficulties finding a job
b.
Denial of government assistance
c.
Unlikelihood of getting married
d.
Both difficulties finding a job and denial of government assistance
56. What is one explanation for the high recidivism rate among those offenders released from incarceration?
a.
Their increased age makes them more likely to commit crimes.
b.
Their low intelligence makes them more likely to commit crimes.
c.
A biological propensity to commit crimes.
d.
A lack of education and training makes them more likely to commit crimes.
57. ________ courts have been suggested as a method of assessing ex-inmates’ adjustment back into society:
a.
Recidivism
b.
Parole
c.
Reentry
d.
Release
58. Who grants pardons in the United States?
a.
Congress and state legislatures
b.
Presidents and state governors
c.
U.S. Supreme Court and state supreme courts
d.
Attorney General and state attorney generals
59. Which is not an example of a civil disability that can be placed on an ex-felon?
a.
Restrictions in terms of employment
b.
Denial of the right to vote
c.
Denial of the right to hold public office
d.
Forfeiture of all constitutional rights
60. An action of the executive branch of the state or federal government excusing an offense and absolving the offender is
called a(n)
a.
mandatory release.
b.
furlough.
c.
pardon.
d.
exoneration.
61. Civil disabilities might include the inability to do the following except:
a.
vote.
b.
have access to the public library.
c.
enter certain professions.
d.
live in certain area, such as close to schools.
