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a.
Juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses
b.
Juveniles in residential placement
c.
Cases judicially waived to criminal court
d.
Delinquency cases resulting in residential placement
62. Which statement is true concerning juvenile court?
a.
Juvenile court is highly centralized at the state level.
b.
Juvenile court is a complex institution performing a wide variety of functions.
c.
Juvenile court maintains separation between goals and values.
d.
Juvenile court controls and understands the causes of juvenile crime.
63. How have the conservative crime control policies that have hit the adult criminal justice system influenced juvenile
justice?
a.
Caused decreased incarceration in juvenile institutions
b.
Increased litigation challenging the abuse of children
c.
Lowered rates of minority youth incarceration
d.
Caused increased transfer to parents upon initial interaction with law enforcement
Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon
with the intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage.
The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the
jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can
be made.
64. Given the circumstances of the battery, the prosecutor is demanding Maria's case be transferred to the adult criminal
court system, a process called a(n)
a.
diversion.
b.
intake.
c.
waiver.
d.
transfer.
65. Maria wants to attend a treatment facility so that she can quit her drug habit. To do so without further involvement in
the juvenile justice system, she would need a
a.
diversion.
b.
warrant.
c.
judgment.
d.
waiver.
66. If Maria’s case stays within the juvenile justice system, she would be labeled a __________.
a.
delinquent child
b.
neglected child
c.
dependent child
d.
PINS
67. Maria will most likely not be waived to the adult court system due to the fact that waived cases only make up
________ of delinquency cases.
a.
1%
b.
5%
c.
8%
d.
10%
68. Maria is not released to go home with her parents, but is instead held in a:
a.
treatment facility.
b.
detention facility.
c.
substance abuse facility.
d.
prison.
69. Maria did not go to adult court because rather than a jury trial, the decision regarding her guilt and punishment
occurred in a process called
a.
intake.
b.
adjudication.
c.
disposition.
d.
diversion.
Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has never been in trouble before. He
participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good." Will's parents
are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future.
70. Will’s truancy violation is an example of a _________ offense.
a.
criminal
b.
juvenile
c.
status
d.
delinquent
71. Considering Will’s truancy violation, he may be considered a ________, depending on the outcome of the shoplifting
case.
a.
dependent child
b.
delinquent child
c.
neglected child
d.
PINS
72. Will’s case will most likely begin with a referral in the form of a(n)
a.
diversion.
b.
detention hearing.
c.
adjudication.
d.
petition.
73. Will and his family are seeking a(n) _________, where they could avoid the courtroom altogether.
a.
adjudication
b.
detention hearing
c.
diversion
d.
disposition
74. It was found that part of Will's motivation to act out was the result of receiving inadequate care at home, therefore
Will is considered by the court to be a(n):
a.
dependent child
b.
child parens patriae
c.
at-risk child
d.
neglected child
Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides.
This is his second offense. His first offense was dismissed. Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd
comments to a classmate on Facebook. Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based on comments that had
been directed to him earlier in the year.
75. Tyson’s delinquent behavior would actually be called
a.
cyberbullying.
b.
cybercrime.
c.
cybercontrol.
d.
cyberincentives.
76. Tyson is not alone in his actions, but instead he is among the _______ of juveniles who use their computers to bully
others.
a.
10%
b.
20%
c.
25%
d.
30%
77. Tyson believes his offense is a status offense. Which statement about Tyson's assertion is correct?
a.
Tyson is correct because cyberbullying is a behavior that is not criminal if committed by adults.
b.
Tyson is correct because the school resource officer turned Tyson in and the SRO would not have an adult.
c.
Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is only illegal in a juvenile context.
d.
Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is illegal for adults and juveniles.
78. _________ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process.
a.
Waiver
b.
Transfer
c.
Disposition
d.
Adjudication
79. A ________ either has no parent or guardian or is receiving inadequate care because of the physical or mental
disability of the parent.
a.
neglected child
b.
PINS
c.
dependent child
d.
delinquent child
80. Status offenders make up about ____ of the juvenile court caseload.
a.
10%
b.
20%
c.
30%
d.
40%
81. The upper age limit for original juvenile court jurisdiction is the age of:
a.
16.
b.
17.
c.
18.
d.
19.
82. Roper v. Simmons (2005) ruled that _____ were unconstitutional for crimes committed by those younger than 18 years
of age.
a.
parole boards
b.
executions
c.
life sentences
d.
boot camps
83. In Miller v. Alabama (2012), the U.S. Supreme Court deemed ______ unconstitutional for juvenile homicide
offenders.
a.
executions
b.
probation
c.
mandatory LWOP
d.
boot camps
84. Which is not one of the problems the American system of juvenile justice faces?
a.
Cyberbullying
b.
Online delinquency
c.
Youth gangs
d.
Urbanization
85. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court decide that life imprisonment without possibility of parole for juvenile
offenders was unconstitutional in non-homicide cases?
a.
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
b.
Graham v. Florida (2010)
c.
Kent v. United States (1966)
d.
Schall v. Martin (1984)
86. An officer who provides guidance and counseling and is hired by the school is called a
a.
school intervention officer.
b.
police guidance officer.
c.
high school resource officer.
d.
truant officer.
87. In which U.S. Supreme Court did the Court decide that executions are unconstitutional for crimes committed by those
younger than 18 years of age?
a.
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
b.
Graham v. Florida (2010)
c.
Kent v. United States (1966)
d.
Schall v. Martin (1984)
88. Curfew violations and loitering are referred to as _____ crimes.
89. Juveniles who harass or intimidate other juveniles using cell phones, email, and the Internet are engaging in _____.
90. During the ______ period, the focus of reformers was on the children of immigrants.
91. The doctrine of _______ means the state is the parent and guardian of all citizens who are unable to protect
themselves.
92. The _____ period of juvenile justice viewed the offending child as evil.
93. The first law pertaining to juveniles in the United States was called the Massachusetts ______ Law.
94. A(n) _____ is any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child but is not considered a crime
for an adult.
95. The punitive era of juvenile justice (from 1980 to the present) is known as the _____ period.
96. A child who committed an act that if committed by an adult would be criminal is considered a(n) ______.
97. A child who is not receiving proper care because of action or inaction by his or her parent is considered a(n) _____
child.
98. In 1979, in the case of _____, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a child may waive his or her right to an attorney and
his or her right to remain silent.
99. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in ______ that school officials may search a student if reasonable suspicion exists.
100. The process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a court decision is called ______.
101. A(n)____ hearing is a hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile should be detained or released prior to
adjudication.
102. The process of determining whether a juvenile is guilty of a crime is known as ______.
103. ______ ruled that juvenile offenders cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole
(LWOP) for non-homicide crimes.
104. The U.S. Supreme Court case of _____ extended due process rights to juveniles.
105. ____ are responsible for a significant amount of delinquency in communities and also have thrived within
correctional facilities.
106. Community-based options include ______, in which juvenile offenders live with families, usually for a short period,
and group homes, often privately run facilities for groups of 12-20 juvenile offenders.
107. Some communities hire _____, who provide counseling and a security presence in school buildings.
108. _____ is the transmission of sexually explicit information over the Internet.
109. A _____ is a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper care.
110. ____ is the juvenile equivalent of adult parole.
111. During the __________, the police decide whether to refer the child to court.
112. Discuss why criminologists have had difficulty explaining the rise in youth crime that peaked in 1993.
113. Discuss the role of the police in handling juvenile cases and how juveniles are handled differently than adults.
114. Discuss why the terms used to refer to juvenile offenders were changed and if this change impacted juveniles (from
arrest to referral, from sentence to disposition, etc.).
115. If the goal of the juvenile court is to protect juveniles and “act as parent,” how might you explain the movement
toward punitiveness since the 1980s?
116. Based on recent case law, is it appropriate that juveniles cannot receive life sentences without the chance of parole
for non-homicide cases?
117. Based on case law, to what extent should school officials be permitted to conduct strip searches on students?
118. What new crimes does new technology pose for the juvenile justice system?
119. Define and explain the Save the Child Movement. Which specific court cases have increased support for working
with the “child”?
120. Devise a strategy to combat juvenile bullying in regard to cybercrime, including sexting, and how you would
implement such a program.
121. Why is diversion such an important part of the juvenile justice system? Why would members of society have
concerns with its use?
122. Analyze what determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.
