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True / False
1. England has no national police force.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The United States has no national police force.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The roots of American policing lie in the French legal tradition.
a.
True
b.
False
4. U.S. Marshals were the officials who tried to bring law and order in the western territories after the Civil War.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The professional model of policing suggests that the officers should use technology.
a.
True
b.
False
6. During the professional policing era, the Progressives were mainly upper-middle-class educated Americans.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The political policing era relied heavily on patronage.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Increasing the number of patrol officers does not have much effect on the crime rate.
a.
True
b.
False
9. The community policing model argues that it is easy to improve the percentage of crimes solved.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Advocates of the community policing approach believe in focusing only on the most serious crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Federal law enforcement agencies in the United States are part of the legislative branch.
a.
True
b.
False
12. After September 11, 2001, the FBI changed its priorities to include protecting the United States from terrorist attack.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Since September 11, 2001, U.S. law enforcement has decreased its presence in foreign countries.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Native American tribes are separate, sovereign nations with a significant degree of legal autonomy within the United
States.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The police system of the national government of France is more centralized than its counterpart in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Laws regulating disorderly conduct deal with clear-cut situations.
a.
True
b.
False
17. When a crime is committed, delays can give the criminal an advantage in escaping capture by the police.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Public support for police budgets is greatest when police departments stress the service function.
a.
True
b.
False
19. The police can enforce every law and catch every lawbreaker if they have the resources.
a.
True
b.
False
20. The watchman style of policing stresses order maintenance.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Police officers have considerable discretion.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Before the 1970s, police departments treated domestic violence as a serious criminal matter.
a.
True
b.
False
23. The most likely victims of domestic violence are younger women from low-income families.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Abusive husbands who are arrested and briefly jailed are more likely to commit acts of domestic violence again.
a.
True
b.
False
25. Police policy regarding domestic violence has changed as a result of lawsuits filed against police departments by
injured women.
a.
True
b.
False
26. The Crime Stoppers Program is designed to enlist public help in solving crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
27. Budget cuts had a negative impact on evidence-based policing.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Special jurisdiction agencies are essentially a system of small police departments, with their particular
jurisdiction in mind.
a.
True
b.
False
29. It is widely accepted that the strategies used by modern police can reduce crime.
a.
True
b.
False
30. Police operational units typically include patrol, investigation, traffic, vice, and juvenile units.
a.
True
b.
False
31. The elites of society expect the service style of law enforcement.
a.
True
b.
False
32. Police departments typically have several divisions and bureaus and this arrangement is referred to as
bifurcation.
a.
True
b.
False
33. Police rules and regulations are typically found in a police manual.
a.
True
b.
False
34. One bureaucratic element which distinguishes police organizations is the chain of command.
a.
True
b.
False
Multiple Choice
35. In England, when groups of families agreed to uphold the law, keep order, and bring violators to a court, this was
called the
a.
service.
b.
frankpledge.
c.
League of Bobbies.
d.
commissioners pledge.
36. In London, police commissioners named after Sir Robert Peel were called
a.
peelers.
b.
bobbies.
c.
robbers.
d.
berts.
37. In 1285 in England, what was the system of policing called?
a.
Metropolitan Police Act
b.
Fielding Amendment
c.
Progressives
d.
Parish-constable watch system
38. Which historical era involved close ties between the police and local leaders of government?
a.
The professional era
b.
The reform era
c.
The political era
d.
The community policing era
39. The historical period of policing known as the political era occurred between
a.
1820 and 1840.
b.
1840 and 1920.
c.
1920 and 1970.
d.
1790 and 1820.
40. The political era of policing was characterized by
a.
urban riots.
b.
hiring of officers through connections to elected officials.
c.
the introduction of the automobile patrol and two-way radios.
d.
civil service selection of officers.
41. Which historical era was influenced by the Progressives?
a.
The community policing era
b.
The professional era
c.
The reform era
d.
The political era
42. Which of the following is not an element of the model of professional policing?
a.
The police force should be actively involved in politics.
b.
Laws should be enforced equally.
c.
The police force should use new technology.
d.
Personnel procedures should be based on merit.
43. Who was the leading advocate of professionalism within law enforcement?
a.
George Kelling
b.
Catherine Coles
c.
O. W. Wilson
d.
Sir John Fielding
44. The community-based model of policing occurred between
a.
1820 and 1840.
b.
1790 and 1820.
c.
1840 and 1920.
d.
1970 and the present.
45. In their article entitled “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety,” James Q. Wilson and George
Kelling argued that police should work more on
a.
ending corruption within the police force.
b.
being more involved with local political leaders.
c.
the most significant problems, such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act.
d.
the little problems such as maintaining order.
46. When police arrest subway fare beaters, loiterers, and panhandlers, they are focusing on _____ crimes.
a.
quality-of-life
b.
mens rea
c.
quantity-of-arrest
d.
common law
47. Throughout the United States, police are characterized by
a.
consolidation and a local orientation.
b.
fragmentation and a national orientation.
c.
consolidation and a national orientation.
d.
fragmentation and a local orientation.
48. The Federal Bureau of Investigation came to prominence under the leadership of
a.
J. Edgar Hoover.
b.
Franklin Roosevelt.
c.
James Q. Wilson.
d.
Sir Robert Peel.
49. Which of the following areas is not a priority of the FBI?
a.
Political corruption
b.
Organized crime
c.
Terrorism
d.
Minor blue-collar crime
50. A police function that is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or involves face-to-face conflict
is called
a.
order maintenance.
b.
service.
c.
law enforcement.
d.
departmental order.
51. If police officers provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless, this is an example of the _______ police
function.
a.
departmental
b.
service
c.
order maintenance
d.
law enforcement
52. According to public opinion polls, which police function is most important in the minds of citizens?
a.
Order maintenance
b.
Service
c.
Departmental
d.
Law enforcement
53. Which is true concerning police policy?
a.
Decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested.
b.
Officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers.
c.
Police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters.
d.
Police have unlimited resources.
54. Which of James Q. Wilson’s styles of policing is marked by professionalism and emphasis on law enforcement?
a.
Watchman
b.
Legalistic
c.
Service
d.
Suburban
55. Which person or organization has the most discretion with how the law is applied or interpreted on the scene?
a.
Police commissioners
b.
The U.S. Supreme Court
c.
The officer on the scene
d.
U.S. attorney generals
56. Which of the following is true about the use of discretion by a police officer?
a.
The more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it.
b.
A suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer.
c.
Policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion.
d.
The closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more variable the use of
discretion.
57. Studies of police practices regarding domestic violence that occurred before the women’s movement found that
a.
most male police officers beat their wives.
b.
police chiefs prohibited officers from ever making arrests.
c.
police were less likely to intervene when wives were victimized by their husbands.
d.
stopping violence against women was a high priority of police.
58. A strategy for addressing domestic violence that is supported by some research suggests to:
a.
remove the victim from the home and then place the victim in a homeless shelter.
b.
make no arrests.
c.
make arrests in all cases.
d.
bring a counselor to the scene of all domestic violence calls.
59. According to most police departments,
a.
domestic violence should be handled privately.
b.
domestic violence is a “no-win” situation, in which both parties are often uncooperative or hostile toward law
enforcement.
c.
police should maintain existing policies in regard to matters of domestic violence.
d.
police should become less involved with matters of domestic violence.
60. Which of the following best describes the relationship of police to minorities?
a.
Friendly
b.
Cooperative
c.
Peaceful
d.
Difficult
