States can provide more protection for individual rights than does the U.S. Constitution.
a. True
b. False
Keeping inmates secure is the definition of which of the following?
a. Management
b. Security
c. Environmental custodialship
d. Custody
Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state. Chan Le has an extremely
large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle
of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught
shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store. Two days
prior, this client failed a drug test.
If Chan Le tries to have his client’s probation revoked, the client will first need to have
a(n)
a. preliminary hearing.
b. disposition.
c. adjudication.
d. finding of fact hearing.
Steve Herbert found a high sense of morality in the law enforcement subculture. Which
is not a dilemma that officers must overcome?
a. The contradiction between the goal of preventing crime and the officers’ inability to
do so
b. The fact that officers must use their discretion to “handle” situations in ways that do
not strictly follow procedures
c. The fact that what is right is not always legal
d. The fact that they invariably act against at least one citizen’s interest, often with
recourse to coercive force that can maim or kill
Minority groups suffer greatly from poverty.
a. True
b. False
According to the recent statistics, the highest percentage of Americans fears/worries
about in terms of personal victimization is:
a. mugging.
b. murder.
c. identity theft.
d. terrorism.
Individuals on probation have no constitutional rights.
a. True
b. False
In order to have a good rapport with the community, the police officers must depend on
the confidence they have in their patrol partner.
a. True
b. False
Criminal acts, often termed ‘street crime” or “ordinary crime,” that are the least
profitable and least protected are called ______ crime.
a. political
b. victimless
c. visible
d. organized
Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired. This was Wesley’s
second conviction. He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his
experience so far. He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say
they are not guilty. Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is
someone he supported and actually voted for. Wesley knows that the next 10 months
cannot go fast enough.
Which of the following groups of individuals will not be serving time in the same
facility as Wesley?
a. Those charged with misdemeanors
b. Mentally ill
c. Substance abusers
d. Felons
Juveniles have always retained due process rights in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow speed. The driver seems to
be driving erratically. Officer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull the car
over. The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles before
pulling over. When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he smells what seems to
be a heavy odor of marijuana. The driver has dilated eyes and slurred speech. There are
four individuals in the car.
Officer Castro would like to look inside the car. He could legally enter the car without a
warrant by
a. claiming nonexigent circumstances
b. calling for backup as he examines the inside of the car.
c. demanding the driver to let him in.
d. wanting to see the vehicle registration number.
The privilege against self-incrimination is found in the
a. Third Amendment.
b. Fourth Amendment.
c. Fifth Amendment.
d. Sixth Amendment.
The Supreme Court ruled in Chimel v. California (1969) that in order to preserve
evidence and protect the safety of the officer and the public after a lawful arrest, the
arrestee and the immediate area around the arrestee may be searched for weapons and
criminal evidence.
a. True
b. False
The current chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court is John Roberts.
a. True
b. False
About halfof incarcerated persons are men.
a. True
b. False
Which is not one of the main forensic tools used by the police?
a. Fingerprint analysis
b. Blood analysis
c. Hair analysis
d. Genetic coding
What is the main purpose of drug courts?
a. To mete out harsh punishments to drug offenders
b. To teach children about the dangers of drug use
c. To bring “drug kingpins” to trial
d. To help drug offenders overcome their addictions
Which role played by prosecutors is most responsive to public opinion?
a. Trial counsel for the police
b. House counsel for the police
c. Representative of the court
d. Elected official
What is the purpose of allowing searches after lawful arrests?
a. To ensure the safety of officers
b. To make sure the arrestee does not flee
c. To ensure the arrestee shows the proper respect to the police
d. To make sure the arrest proceeds smoothly
Which is true about attorney competence?
a. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that defendants are entitled to adequate counsel.
b. Attorneys assigned to death penalty cases must have appropriate training.
c. The only attorneys allowed to serve on criminal cases must have degrees in criminal
law.
d. The U.S. Supreme Court has not clearly defined what “competent” means.
The average age of the justices is relatively high so a conservative to more liberal
movement in the next few years is a possibility.
a. True
b. False
An expiration release means that the inmate
a. has died.
b. cannot serve any additional time.
c. has been granted a furlough.
d. isterminally ill.
Social scientists have been able to measure how many people stopped themselves from
committing a crime as a result of the threat of certain punishments being imposed.
a. True
b. False
The _________ sufficiency model aims at speedy and early disposition of a case.
a. legal
b. trial
c. system
d. justification
An act can be deemed criminal if it eventually leads to harm that the law seeks to
prevent. This is called
a. mens rea.
b. an inchoate offense.
c. defamation.
d. actus reus.
A pardon will not erase the criminal record of an offender.
a. True
b. False
Men in the age group 32 to 36 years old are the most crime-prone.
a. True
b. False
When a defense attorney makes arguments for a client, whom the attorney expects will
actually accept a plea bargain rather than face the risk of a jury verdict, this is called
a. agent-mediator.
b. slow plea of guilty.
c. beleaguered dealers.
d. agent guilty.
Juvenile courts are simpler than adult courts.
a. True
b. False
Dominic is currently a successful high school teacher. When Dominic was 17 years old
he was recruited by a gang. He joined the gang in order to establish a sense of
belonging. Dominic went through the initiation process when he found out that his last
“duty” was to rob a local gas station at gunpoint. Dominic went into the store, but
readily noticed that his old high school football coach was standing in line to check out.
Dominic went up to the coach, who he has always had a special relationship with, and
told him what he was just about to do. The coach immediately was able to assist
Dominic to get out of the gang. He was able to attend a different school in a different
county, which eventually leads to a college degree. Dominic always wonders what
would have happened if he had ventured deeper in the gang style.
Dominic was encouraged to participate in gang behavior by his “friends.” Edwin
Sutherland referred to this as
a. anomie.
b. strain.
c. differential association.
d. process.
The prison population contains the same proportion of African Americans as the general
population.
a. True
b. False
________ courts may help offenders reintegrate into the community.
In today’s prison system, the _______ has the closest contact with prisoners.
Explain Cesare Lombroso’s biological theory focusing on criminogenic traits. Are any
elements of this theory presentin modern criminology? Why or why not?
______ is type of crime is often referred to as ‘street crime” or “ordinary crime” and is
normally most upsetting to the public.
The U.S. Supreme Court created the stop-and-frisk exception in
____________________.
Explain why mens rea is so important to finding a person guilty of a crime.
When improperly obtained evidence is used because the evidence would later have
been discovered anyway, even without improper actions by the police, this is called the
____________________.
Some countries use corporal punishment as a sanction in criminal cases. Do you think
the United States should use a system of corporal punishment to control crime? What
results might we see in such a system?
The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting,
convicting, and punishing those who disobey the ____________________.
Every state has its own law enforcement agency with __________ jurisdiction.
States retaining indeterminate sentences allow _____ release by the parole board within
the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law.
The FBI is located within the U.S. Department of ____________________.
Lawsuits brought by citizens against police are known as ____________________
suits.
One example of __________________ is when neighborhood citizens volunteer to
walk students to school, as done in Operation Safe Passage.
_________ study the role victims play in precipitating a criminal incident and the
impact of crimes on victims.
____________________ is often referred to as ‘street crime.”
Discuss the key relationships of the prosecutor with others in the criminal justice
system.
Disorderly conduct is an example of a crime which would be found at Layer
____________________ of the criminal justice “wedding cake.”