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True / False
1. Politicians often try to be “tough on crime” without fully understanding the costs and consequences of such policies.
a.
True
b.
False
2. One of the hallmarks of justice in a democracy is the rights extended to an accused person.
a.
True
b.
False
3. In a democracy, it is easy to maintain public order and protect individual freedom.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Conservatives believe in strict enforcement of the law by expanding police forces.
a.
True
b.
False
5. American laws reflect the desire to prevent unnecessary deprivations of liberty.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The crime control model suggests that the criminal justice system operates to emphasize efforts to repress crime.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The due process model is not concerned with freedom or liberty.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Most countries globally share a uniform definition of rape.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Misdemeanors are usually punished by sentences of more than 1 year in prison.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Crime policies are often enacted that are popular with the public, but do little to actually reduce crime.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Most types of occupational crime are profitable and do not come to the public’s attention.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The public’s attitudes towards drugs and budgetary concerns has led to a reconsideration of the drug policies by
government officials.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Visible crimes are typically committed by older career criminals in their 40s.
a.
True
b.
False
14. In Western democracies, there are relatively few political crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The risk of lethal violence is much higher in the United States than in other industrial democracies.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Legislators write and approve laws in their desire to address problems, please the public, and gain reelection.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Criminal justice researchers have a relatively easy time keeping track of the occurrence of crime because of the
prevalence of accurate crime data.
a.
True
b.
False
18. The UCR and NCVS do not provide a clear picture of the amount of crime because of the differences in the way each
of them measures crime.
a.
True
b.
False
19. FBI data show that crime is continually increasing.
a.
True
b.
False
20. High-profile criminal cases are typical of the nature of crime in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
21. American crime rates have dropped since the early 1980s for many crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Males in the 16-24 age cohort are the group most likely to commit crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
23. It is easy to point to specific factors that increase or decrease the crime rates.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Street crimes are the least profitable for the offender.
a.
True
b.
False
25. Public order crimes include public drunkenness, vandalism, and disorderly conduct.
a.
True
b.
False
26. Identity theft is a huge problem that typically affects young, lower-class females.
a.
True
b.
False
27. Men in the age group 32 to 36 years old are the most crime-prone.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Crime and justice are policy issues.
a.
True
b.
False
29. Criminal justice can best be seen as a social system.
a.
True
b.
False
30. Misdemeanors are serious crimes punishable by incarceration of more than one year in prison.
a.
True
b.
False
31. The crime control model is viewed as the “obstacle course model”.
a.
True
b.
False
32. The due process model is viewed as the “obstacle course model.”
a.
True
b.
False
33. Political crimes committed against the government are often ideologically driven.
a.
True
b.
False
34. Victimless crimes are often mala prohibita offenses and may include gambling, prostitution, and marijuana use.
a.
True
b.
False
35. Crimes referred to as mala prohibita are considered wrong in themselves.
a.
True
b.
False
36. What entity in our society is primarily responsible for crime and justice issues?
a.
Government
b.
Interest groups
c.
Grassroots groups
d.
Scholars
37. Scholars focused on income policies and social fairness would recommend criminal justice policies that
a.
focus on how wealthy class abuse the criminal justice system.
b.
create a correctional system that offers rigid sentences since the poor are affected the most by crime.
c.
establish economic and social justice.
d.
reflect all of these options.
38. According to the text, which of the following groups favors stricter enforcement of the law?
a.
Liberals
b.
Conservatives
c.
Moderates
d.
Anarchists
39. In which of the Packer’s models would the adversarial system most likely be used?
a.
Due process
b.
Legislative inquiry
c.
Crime control
d.
Constitutional liability
40. Achieving both the goals of controlling crime and protecting the rights of individuals are _______ to achieve.
a.
impossible
b.
easy
c.
difficult
d.
not necessary
41. A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes efficiency, speed, and finality as well as the capacity to
apprehend, try, convict, and dispose of a high proportion of offenders is called the ________ model.
a.
crime control
b.
due process
c.
constitutional
d.
democratic
42. A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes the adversarial process, the rights of defendants, and formal
decision-making procedures is called the ________ model.
a.
crime control
b.
due process
c.
constitutional
d.
democratic
43. Which of the following is a value that must be respected in a democracy by police, prosecutors, judges, and
correctional officials?
a.
Rule of law
b.
Civil liberties
c.
Justice
d.
All of these are the values that must be respected
44. Crimes, such as murder or assault, that are traditionally “wrong in themselves,” are called
a.
mala prohibita.
b.
mala in se.
c.
misdemeanors.
d.
invisible.
45. Crimes, such as gambling or prostitution, that are not “wrong in themselves” but are prohibited by government, are
called
a.
mala prohibita.
b.
mala in se.
c.
felonies.
d.
norms.
46. Criminal acts, often termed “street crime” or “ordinary crime,” that are the least profitable and least protected are
called ______ crime.
a.
political
b.
victimless
c.
visible
d.
organized
47. According to your text, an example of a “visible crime” is
a.
murder.
b.
espionage.
c.
white-collar crime.
d.
price fixing.
48. Crimes committed in the context of a legal business or profession are called ______ crime.
a.
political
b.
victimless
c.
occupational
d.
organized
49. An example of an occupational crime is
a.
murder.
b.
espionage.
c.
drug sales.
d.
price fixing.
50. Historically associated with images of certain ethnic groups, ______ crime is a framework of the perpetration of such
criminal acts as gambling, drugs, and prostitution.
a.
political
b.
victimless
c.
visible
d.
organized
51. Offenses against morality involving a willing and private exchange of goods and services that are in strong demand,
but are illegal are called ________ crime.
a.
political
b.
victimless
c.
visible
d.
organized
52. Criminal acts either by the government or against the government that are carried out for ideological purposes are
called ______ crime.
a.
political
b.
victimless
c.
visible
d.
organized
53. An example of a political crime is
a.
prostitution.
b.
espionage.
c.
selling illegal narcotics.
d.
price fixing.
54. After the 1960s, the changes in how our country dealt with crime reflected the fact that
a.
political agendas controlled the response to crime.
b.
we cannot avoid making choices about how to use the police, courts, and corrections system most effectively.
c.
population changes in specific age groups alter crime rates.
d.
one cannot predict legislative changes in crime.
55. The term referring to the idea that much more crime occurs than is reported to police is called
a.
unspoken crime.
b.
dark figure of crime.
c.
token crime.
d.
invisible crime.
56. When compared with rates in the United States, Icelandic crime rates are
a.
extremely low.
b.
low.
c.
similar.
d.
high.
57. A statistical summary of crimes reported to the police is known as the
a.
NCVS.
b.
dark figure of crime.
c.
UCR.
d.
NIBRS.
58. A source of crime data collected from interviews used to gather information on unreported as well as reported crimes
is called
a.
NCVS.
b.
dark figure of crime.
c.
UCR.
d.
NIBRS.
59. Why does the NCVS not measure homicide?
a.
Homicide is not usually reported to the police.
b.
You cannot survey victims of homicide.
c.
Only victimless crimes are measured by the NCVS.
d.
Police departments may lie about their homicide rates.
60. Which of the following reflects how the FBI reports crime?
a.
UCR
b.
NCVS
c.
Both UCR and NCVS
d.
Neither the UCR or NCVS
61. Citizens’ involvement in shaping public policies, laws, and the quality of life in society is called
a.
a social movement.
b.
due process.
c.
legalistic enforcement.
d.
civic engagement.
62. In 2010, members of which rival motorcycle gang of the Hell’s Angels were convicted for planning violent attacks
against them?
a.
Pagans
b.
Outlaws
c.
MS-13
d.
Bloods
63. According to a 2011 poll of Americans, which of the following did not appear among the top 11 problems cited when
asked to name the most important problems the country faced at that time.?
a.
Economic declines.
b.
Unemployment rates.
c.
Healthcare and education issues.
d.
Crime.
64. The _________ is dependent on interviews of the samples of the U.S. population conducted by the Bureau of Justice
Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization, and thus the extent of unreported as well as
reported crime.
a.
National Incident-Based Reporting System
b.
National Crime Victimization Survey
c.
Uniform Crime Report
d.
National Crime Offender Survey
65. The creation of new crime legislation and the size of criminal justice agency budgets are decided by legislators
