Jacob is an attorney who works in the local public defender’s office. His caseload is
horrendous, and his salary low. Jacob feels that he has been very blessed in his life and
wanted a job that would allow him to give back to those less fortunate. Even though he
does get stressed, he has never questioned his career choice.
Jacob is overworked and some cases are given to private lawyers on a ______ basis.
a. quid pro quo
b. loaner
c. contract
d. nonbinding
Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired. This was Wesley’s
second conviction. He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his
experience so far. He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say
they are not guilty. Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is
someone he supported and actually voted for. Wesley knows that the next 10 months
cannot go fast enough.
Which of the following statements regarding Wesley is correct?
a. Wesley would not meet any inmates in jail who were arrested for violent crimes like
murder.
b. Wesley could meet inmates while in jail who were arrested for violent crimes like
murder.
c. Wesley has more rights in county jail than those serving time in state prisons.
d. Wesley is serving with others who have been convicted and sentenced.
Which statement is true concerning the U.S. Supreme Court’s treatment of the
exclusionary rule in the 1980s?
a. The Court expanded the rule to protect criminal defendants.
b. The Court abolished the rule.
c. The Court created exceptions to limit the applicability of the rule.
d. The Court did not change the rule in terms of its application.
Entrapment cannot be used as a defense in a criminal trial.
a. True
b. False
A written order or summons, issued by a law enforcement, often directing an alleged
offender to appear in court at a specified time to answer a criminal charge is called a
a. citation.
b. summons.
c. warrant.
d. preventive assumption.
The risk of lethal violence is much higher in the United States than in other industrial
democracies.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is a valid observation about the orientation and assumptions of
lower courts in their attempt to process a large mass of cases?
a. All defendants will go to trial.
b. The vast majority of defendants will plead guilty.
c. The courts must take extra care to filter out innocent defendants because prosecutors
never drop charges.
d. Each defendant is entitled to use 2 weeks or more of courtroom time in a trial.
Assets gained from forfeiture are often used to increase law enforcement agencies’
budgets.
a. True
b. False
Minorities are subjected to much higher rates of incarceration than the white majority.
a. True
b. False
Judges selected based on merit must eventually face public election.
a. True
b. False
Which is not a strategy that a defense attorney representing a client will employ?
a. Contrary evidence is introduced to rebut or cast doubt on the state’s case
b. An alibi is offered.
c. An admission of guilt is offered.
d. An affirmative defense is presented.
In 2010, members of which rival motorcycle gang of the Hell’s Angels were convicted
for planning violent attacks against them?
a. Pagans
b. Outlaws
c. MS-13
d. Bloods
Dianne works for the federal governor as a prosecutor. She spends much of her time
prosecuting drug crimes. Dianne was placed into her position approximately 3 years
ago and seems constantly in awe of her duties within the criminal justice system. Diane
works in District 5 in Dallas, Texas.
Most of the defendants are very wealthy from money they gained from the sale of
illegal drugs. Which defense attorneys listed below would Diane likely confront in
court?
a. Public defender
b. Assigned counsel
c. Contract counsel
d. Private attorney
Which two decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court laid the foundation for Miranda v.
Arizona (1966)?
a. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) and Massiah v. U. S. (1964)
b. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) and Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
c. Wolf v. Colorado (1949) and Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
d. Wolf v. Colorado (1949) and Rochin v. California (1952)
Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state. Chan Le has an extremely
large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle
of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught
shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store. Two days
prior, this client failed a drug test.
When Chan Le’s client failed his drug test, he committed a
a. crime.
b. technical violation.
c. permanent violation.
d. legal violation.
ISP programs have been called “old-style” probation because each officer has only 20
clients and requires frequent face-to-face contact.
a. True
b. False
The criterion for deciding if evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest is called
probable cause.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following best describes the organization of corrections in the United
States?
a. Centralized
b. Fragmented
c. Unified
d. Nationalized
The community policing model argues that it is easy to improve the percentage of
crimes solved.
a. True
b. False
Most felony arrests are decided by a
a. dismissal.
b. rejection at screening.
c. guilty plea.
d. conviction at jury trial.
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration. She is to
obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if
she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is
completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home
because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood.
The reason Beth cannot find a halfway house close to her home is because of the
________ attitude.
a. NIMBY
b. NIMFY
c. MINFB
d. BIMVY
Adrian has worked for two different municipal police department in the course of his
career due to a career move his wife made, which forced Adrian to move to a new state.
Adrian worked for the first department for 10 years. He enjoyed his position very much.
He felt very comfortable with his sergeant all they way up to the chief. They ran a very
professional department and executed many arrests for misdemeanors and traffic
violations. When Adrian switched to the department in his new state, he noticed a very
different style of policing. He was working in a nice suburban area, which required him
to answer calls that, he felt, were more social-service-type calls. This new department
forced him to develop a new style of policing.
Adrian’s second department requires that officers are sensitive to the community that
they serve. This is an example of the _______ style of law enforcement?
a. law enforcement
b. watchman
c. service
d. legalistic
________ are the basic laws of a country or state defining the structure of the
government and the relationship of citizens to that government.
a. Constitutions
b. Administrative regulations
c. Statutes
d. Common laws
An inchoate offense does not require mens rea to prosecute.
a. True
b. False
Legislatures construct sentencing guidelines according to two dimensions. These
dimensions are
a. seriousness of the offense and gender.
b. recidivism and gender.
c. seriousness of the offense and prior record.
d. gender and family responsibilities.
Ninety percent of individuals plead guilty, so few cases are actually appealed.
a. True
b. False
The federal government provides all of the funding for American prisons.
a. True
b. False
During plea bargaining, a multiple-offense indictment is a tactic used by a
a. judge.
b. prosecutor.
c. defendant.
d. defense attorney.
The “rotten apple” theory explains nearly all police corruption.
a. True
b. False
Which program attempts to control crime through the collection of crime statistics and
meetings to enforce accountability?
a. Uniform Crime Reports
b. National Incident-Based Reporting System
c. Compstat
d. National Crime Victimization Survey
How does the modern-day entertainment industry affect the way our society views the
pretrial process? Does the entertainment industry increase or decrease society’s
awareness of how our justice system works?
Beginning in the 1990s, theorists recognized that female criminality was best explained
using the criminological theory branch of __________.
Cole and Smith provide three explanations for why minorities are subjected to the
criminal justice system at much higher rates than the white majority. Briefly summarize
one of these three explanations and discuss its strengths and weaknesses.
Officers who establish _______, or secret, relationships can be manipulated by
prisoners into smuggling contraband or committing other illegal acts.
Discuss the differences between the crime control and due process models of criminal
justice.
Describe the three models of corrections that have predominated since the 1940s.
Conviction on a _______ charge usually means that the offender may be given a prison
sentence of more than a year.
A(n) _____ is any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a
child but is not considered a crime for an adult.
____________ occurs when a defendant is held for trial based on a judge’s finding that
if the defendant were released on bail, he or she would flee or would endanger another
person or the community.
How can a state successfully prepare for inmate integration into the community?
Feminist _________ researchers focus on the impact of critical life events, such as
victimization, to determine why some women engage in criminal behavior.
The ____________________ measures crime based on the counts from police
departments.
Tickets of leave were developed by the reformer Captain Alexander ______.
The process of determining whether a juvenile is guilty of a crime is known as ______.
The argument that crime is a natural part of the social life was set forth by __________.
How do budget cuts affect prospective jurors?
How do budget cuts influence the approaches to crime and crime rates within the
criminal justice system?
The constitutional amendments that deal with criminal defendants’ rights are the Fourth,
________, _________, and __________ Amendments.
Explain a scenario for which pardoning would be justified. What is the difference
between a pardon and an expungement?
Two-thirds of violent crimes against females in 2009 were committed by ________.