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Holding police officers responsible for any unprofessional (or criminal) behavior is
referred to as
a. civil liability.
b. statutory assessment.
c. legislative occupation.
d. civic accountability.
Jails are administered locally by
a. private citizens who volunteer.
b. appointed civil servants.
c. elected officials.
d. off-duty police officers.
Criminal justice researchers have a relatively easy time keeping track of the occurrence
of crime because of the prevalence of accurate crime data.
a. True
b. False
The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with order maintenance.
a. True
b. False
Inmates who do not break rules are given ______ time.
a. earned
b. good
c. extra
d. program
_____ is a reduction in a prisoner's sentence as a reward for participation in educational
or other rehabilitation programs, and for work assignments, such as disaster relief and
conservation projects.
a. Earned time
b. Good time
c. Remedial time
d. Good Samaritan time
Intermediate sanctions are not used as often as they could be in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Which could legally be withheld or granted as rewards to prisoners?
a. Food
b. Medical care
c. Water
d. "Good-time" credits
Which is not true concerning the role of a prosecutor?
a. A prosecutor has considerable discretion in the criminal justice system.
b. A prosecutor is influenced by other actors in the criminal justice system.
c. A prosecutor has independent authority to decide how to handle each case.
d. A prosecutor has limited influence in the early stages of the criminal justice process.
A court order issued by a judge authorizing police officers to make arrests or search
premises is called a(n)
a. arrest.
b. warrant.
c. true bill.
d. booking.
It is illegal in modern prisons to separate inmates by race, ethnicity, age, and gang
affiliation.
a. True
b. False
Police officers can use stop and frisk suspects only if they have reasonable suspicion.
a. True
b. False
A key concept in the criminal justice process involving the mutual transfer of resources
among individual actors is called
a. exchange.
b. process distribution.
c. system transfers.
d. discretion.
For an act to be a crime, the intent and the act must exist simultaneously. This is called
a. mens rea.
b. an inchoate offense.
c. concurrence.
d. actus reus.
More than half of the convicted offenders are supervised in the community.
a. True
b. False
The criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest is
called
a. probable cause.
b. proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
c. preponderance of the evidence.
d. reasonable doubt.
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that parolees have a right to an attorney and a
two-step revocation hearing process?
a. Monell v. Department of Social Services for the City of New York (1978)
b. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
c. Samson v. California (2006)
d. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
Special jurisdiction agencies are essentially a system of small police departments, with
their particular jurisdiction in mind.
a. True
b. False
A state's chief legal officer, usually responsible for both civil and criminal matter is the
state attorney general.
a. True
b. False
With the incarcerated population more than quadrupling during the past 30years, it is
surprising that the number of parolees has decreased.
a. True
b. False
What type of policy did federal courts generally maintain with respect to rights of
prisoners prior to the 1960s?
a. "Hands-on"active intervention for many rights
b. "Hands-off"rarely recognize any rights for prisoners
c. Intervention for freedom of speech only
d. Intervention to prevent unreasonable searches only
In Robinson v. California (1962), the Supreme Court struck down a law that made drug
addiction a crime.
a. True
b. False
The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Which best describes the discretion given to a prosecutor?
a. Limited discretion
b. Variant discretion
c. Broad discretion
d. Relative discretion
Jeff frequently visits the local bar on his way home from his second shift factory job.
He and his coworkers often have a beer or two before going home in night. Jeff and his
friends are anxious to arrive to the bar on this particular night because his favorite NFL
team was playing. He hopes they will arrive to view the fourth quarter of the game. As
he enters the bar, he notes a group of noisy, obnoxious rival fans that have had too many
drinks. Jeff asks the group to quiet down so he can hear the game. He is immediately
approached by the members of the group asking if they want to make an issue of the
game. Before Jeff can answer, one member of the group throws a punch. Within
minutes, a full bar brawl gets ensued. Jeff ends up with a fractured skull, which results
in brain damage.
Because Jeff and his coworkers attend a bar late at night, they could be considered at a
higher risk of criminal activity. This is known as _________ theory.
a. lifestyle-exposure
b. routine activities
c. social control
d. learning
Fines are usually adjusted to account for wealth.
a. True
b. False
Alex was recently found guilty of first-degree murder. Based upon state law, the judge
was forced to use a system/guideline to determine the sentence that he was to receive.
Alex was sentenced to 25 years in prison. He will spend his time in a prison
approximately 25 miles from his home. Alex was thankful for this sentence because it
was a death penalty case otherwise.
Alex will be incarcerated for a period of 25 years. Which goal of punishment does his
sentence meet for the general public?
a. Specific deterrence
b. General deterrence
c. Intermediate sanction
d. Death
Some researchers argue that too many policies focus solely on the short term to the
disadvantage of long-term considerations.
a. True
b. False
Each separate offense of which a person is accused in an indictment or an information
is called a
a. rap sheet.
b. bill of attainder.
c. count.
d. discovery.
In Boykin v. Alabama(1969), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
a. when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, it must be fulfilled.
b. defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences.
c. a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence of a defendant
who maintains his or her innocence.
d. defendants must state that they are voluntarily making a plea of guilty.
Two-thirds of those on death row are from the South.
a. True
b. False
If a police officer is acting in good faith, then he or she may use evidence obtained
through the use of a defective search warrant.
a. True
b. False
Officer Goldman responds to a call of an active shooter during a home invasion at a
local residence. Officer Goldman arrives on the scene and quickly surveys the
residence. He and his partner immediately enter the home and see the suspect. They
command the suspect to drop his weapon, and the suspect responds by dropping the
weapon. Officer Goldman arrests the suspect and searches him.
Once the suspect is taken into custody, Officer Goldman immediately searches him. He
is allowed to do this without a warrant due to:
a. search incident to a lawful arrest.
b. consent.
c. exigent circumstances.
d. theexclusionary rule.
In Western democracies, there are relatively few political crimes.
a. True
b. False
The _________ industry increases our fear of crime by sensationalizing crime news.
When a private attorney is chosen by a court to represent an indigent, this is referred to
as ________.
Restrictions on parolees' conduct that are legally binding conditions are called ______.
Trial courts have ________ jurisdiction over misdemeanor cases and preliminary
matters in felony cases.
The process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a court
decision is called ______.
