Many citizens perceive that a significant amount of police misconduct may be hidden
from public view.
a. True
b. False
Jails house persons awaiting trial, or who have been sentenced to less than 1 year of
incarceration.
a. True
b. False
A drug treatment program in which offenders must visit for daily drug testing would be
classified as
a. intensive supervision probation.
b. a halfway house.
c. home confinement.
d. any of the above could incorporate this.
Jails are typically populated with poorly educated and low-income people.
a. True
b. False
_____ is the term for an attorney who is employed on a full-time, salaried basis by the
government to represent indigents?
a. Public defender
b. Assigned counsel
c. Contract counsel
d. Legal aid attorney
The police officer’s job demands interpersonal skills such as quick to anger.
a. True
b. False
Cooper v. Pate (1964) signaled the end of the “hands-off” policy.
a. True
b. False
Through the use of _____________ technology and software, police departments can
analyze hot spots, crime trends, and other crime patterns.
a. CODIS
b. IAFIS
c. geographic information system
d. TSA
The __________ is responsible for the punishment of federal offenders.
a. Federal Bureau of Incarceration
b. Federal Bureau of Prisons
c. Federal Bureau of Preventative Crime
d. Federal Bureau of Crime Displacement
Officer Castro would not need probable cause to search the vehicle if the driver gave
Officer Castro permission to search. This would be known as a(n) _________ search.
a. exigent circumstances
b. plain view
c. stop-and-frisk
d. consent
Christina is a single mother of two children. She grew up in a home filled with
violence. Her mother was frequently high on crack cocaine as she entered her teen
years. Christina’s dad has not been the part of her life since she was 4. She vowed to
herself that she would never allow her children to be raised in a home like she grew up
in. Christina married her high school boyfriend and had a son and a daughter. She
worked as a nursing assistant and life was going well for her until her husband left her
for another woman. Christina fell into massive depression that was only relieved with
alcohol and other illegal drugs. Christina started selling drugs and engaging in
prostitution to maintain her habit until she was arrested by an undercover officer. She is
currently serving a 6-year prison sentence.
Christina’s depression played a significant part in her criminal lifestyle. Which theory
best explains this and why this is so?
a. Gender explanations
b. Life course explanations
c. Sociological explanations
d. Psychological explanations
Which of the following is true about the insanity defense?
a. Many criminals escape punishment using the insanity defense.
b. Criminals never use the insanity defense.
c. The insanity defense is rarely used by criminals.
d. The American criminal system has banned the use of the insanity defense.
Christian is a 20-year-old African American male. He plays football for a Division I
college and has a 4.0 GPA. Christian hopes to enter dental school at the completion of
his undergraduate studies. Walking home late at night from the gym, campus security
comes up behind him and demands to know what he is doing. Christian states that he is
on his way back to his dorm. Campus security places him in handcuffs and says that he
is under arrest for breaking and entering due to a recent report of a break-in with a
suspect matching his description. Christian does not resist this arrest and hopes he can
clarify the facts once they are at the station.
Christian was most likely approached by security based upon his skin color. This would
be a case of
a. disparity.
b. discrimination.
c. racial profiling.
d. racism.
Private prisons are less flexible than state prisons.
a. True
b. False
Because of their position in the justice system, ______ can define the level of their
involvement in the processing of criminal cases.
a. prosecutors
b. defense attorneys
c. judges
d. suspects
The size of women’s prisons and the number of women prisoners have contributed to
a. a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation.
b. a culture dominated by gangs.
c. a steady increase in prison violence.
d. the creation of “wall-less” prisons.
Which is likely to be used as community service?
a. Cleaning laundry while incarcerated
b. Working part time at a fast food restaurant
c. Wearing an electronic monitoring device
d. Cleaning parks and roadsides
Which statement is true concerning juvenile court?
a. Juvenile court is highly centralized at the state level.
b. Juvenile court is a complex institution performing a wide variety of functions.
c. Juvenile court maintains separation between goals and values.
d. Juvenile court controls and understands the causes of juvenile crime.
Which of the following is an example of an institutional reentry preparation program?
a. State prison release commissioner homes
b. Parole boards
c. Halfway houses
d. Reentry institutions
Kasey is a FBI agent and has worked in the department for 6 years. Prior to her tenure
with the FBI, she worked for her local city police department for 4 years. She plans to
retire from the FBI within 20 years. Kasey has had the opportunity to work in various
capacities while working for the FBI, such as fighting terrorism and violent crime.
Kasey is employed by the FBI; therefore she works for what type of law enforcement
agency?
a. County
b. Federal
c. Municipal
d. State
Trial courts of general jurisdiction handle only misdemeanors and lawsuits for small
amounts of money.
a. True
b. False
A legal petition requesting that a judge examines whether an individual is being
properly detained is called a(n)
a. writ of certiorari.
b. writ of probable cause.
c. ex post facto writ.
d. habeas corpus.
During the accusatory process, the suspect is arrested, booked, and indictment is
granted.
a. True
b. False
Juries symbolize the rule of law and the community foundation that supports the
criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
Plea bargaining between the defense counsel and the prosecutor is a serious game in
which friendliness and joking may mask efforts to advance each side’s cause.
a. True
b. False
Which is the most commonly used method of release into the community?
a. Discretionary release
b. Judicial release
c. Mandatory release
d. Expiration release
An appeal that results in reversal of the conviction normally means that the case is
________ to the lower court for a new trial.
a. reversed
b. remanded
c. overruled
d. upheld
Media coverage of parole and parolees tends to be sympathetic and understanding.
a. True
b. False
Both prosecutors and defense attorneys can bring pretrial motions in court proceedings.
a. True
b. False
During the 19th century, which of the following was not a principle that guided female
prison reform?
a. The separation of women prisoners from men
b. The provision of care in keeping with the needs of women
c. The management of women’s prisons by female staff
d. Making female prisons decidedly “female institutions”
Given adequate financial resources, most experts believe that prisons should include
programs that improve the lives of inmates, such as vocational training, remedial
education, and work opportunities.
a. True
b. False
Identity theft is a huge problem that typically affects young, lower-class females.
a. True
b. False
Many exonerations are not based on DNA evidence, but on the discovery that
prosecutors had ignored or _______ evidence.
a. hidden
b. destroyed
c. contained
d. shared
A court-appointed special advocate is someone who
a. serves jury duty.
b. acts as a judge in special courts.
c. has no official legal training.
d. must complete law school before serving.
Which of the following is not a factor in how the judge determines a amount of the
bail?
a. Seriousness of the crime
b. Defendant’s prior record
c. Defendant’s family responsibilities
d. Admissibility of evidence gathered by the police
Each separate offense for which a person is charged is called a (n) _______.
________ refers to laws that require offenders to serve a substantial proportion of their
sentence before being released on parole.
What problems are created by the existence of police discretion and how can police
discretion be controlled?
________ is caused by an officer’s racial or gender status among peers, which can
create problems in getting along with other officers and adjusting to group values that
differ from one’s own.
The correctional responsibilities of the federal government are divided between the
_____ and the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts.
Describe the new technologies that facilitate crime.
The mutual transfer of resources is called ____________________.
A(n) ________ occurs when the defense attorney and the prosecutor reach an
agreement: The defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a reduction of charges
or a lighter sentence.
Explain Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and how it relates to criminal activity.
The idea that criminal law is a way for the rich to control the poor is called _________
theory.
It has been suggested that politicians “propose laws without carefully studying” the
crimes those laws are meant to address. What is the effect of this on American society?
There is a difference between “not guilty by reason of insanity” and “guilty but mentally
ill.” Which do you think is the best way to deal with mentally ill offenders? How does
mens rea affect the difference between these two verdicts?
Under the ______ system, inmates benefited from continued recordings of good
behavior, which increased their grade toward release.
____________________-recognition technology is a technique that examines the
interior of the eye and matches its unique characteristics with information in a database.
The function of the police that includes providing first aid and helping people is called
the ____________________ function.
A parolee’s principal contact with the criminal justice system is through the _______.
The __________ is the state’s chief legal officer, usually responsible for both civil and
criminal matters.
The Bill of Rights is found in the __________.
Through the process of ________, the Supreme Court during the Warren Court era
declared that elements of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and other amendments were
part of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.