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62. Another name for boot camp is
a.
shock incarceration.
b.
military indoctrination.
c.
part-time incarceration.
d.
inside/outside programming.
63. Which statement is true about boot camps?
a.
They significantly reduce recidivism.
b.
They help to reduce prison overcrowding.
c.
Graduates are less likely to commit new crimes.
d.
There are more running every year.
64. Which statement is true concerning community corrections?
a.
Community corrections receive considerable public support.
b.
Community corrections suffer from an image of being “soft on crime.”
c.
Localities have a surplus of resources for community corrections.
d.
Community corrections are declining.
65. Which is not one of the issues that critics state have been caused by intermediate sanctions?
a.
Wider nets
b.
Empty nets
c.
Stronger nets
d.
Different nets
66. _____ is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional community-based programs
can provide
a.
Intensive supervision probation
b.
Shock incarceration
c.
House arrest
d.
Probation
67. Some offenders are allowed to go to a place of employment, education, or treatment during the day but must return to
their homes by a specified hour when they have been sentenced to
a.
community service.
b.
intensive supervision probation.
c.
day recovery centers.
d.
home confinement.
68. With the passage of two laws in 1970—the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) and the
Continuing Criminal Enterprise Act (CCE)—Congress resurrected _________, which is the government seizure of
property.
a.
restitution
b.
forfeiture
c.
fines
d.
repayment
69. The recidivism rate for probationers is ____ the rate for those who have been incarcerated.
a.
much higher than
b.
lower than
c.
the same as
d.
slightly above
Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state. Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets
overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new
clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store. Two days prior,
this client failed a drug test.
70. Chan Le would not be able to take which of the following actions regarding his client who has recently violated
probation?
a.
Lecture the client.
b.
Increase his contacts with the client.
c.
Revoke the client’s probation.
d.
Extend the client’s sentence.
71. When Chan Le’s client failed his drug test, he committed a
a.
crime.
b.
technical violation.
c.
permanent violation.
d.
legal violation.
72. If Chan Le tries to have his client’s probation revoked, the client will first need to have a(n)
a.
preliminary hearing.
b.
disposition.
c.
adjudication.
d.
finding of fact hearing.
73. Chan Le’s client most likely has a(n) ________ rate of recidivism on probation as compared to if he had been
incarcerated.
a.
increased
b.
decreased
c.
equal
d.
slightly increased
74. Which is true about the role Chan plays in the revocation and termination of probation?
a.
Chan has some discretion as to whether he will recommend revocation for a technical offense.
b.
Revocation could ultimately save $50,000 or more in prison costs.
c.
Chan's revocation rates for probationers probably differ significantly from other jurisdictions.
d.
Only a and c.
Megan is a probation officer who has recently been assigned a client who will need much closer monitoring than her
coworkers’ clients. Her client was sentenced to 6 years of probation based upon manufacturing methamphetamine with
intent to distribute. The client has conditions to his probation, including a period of time that he must spend in his home
as well as a repayment plan for damage to the property that occurred during the manufacturing process. Megan’s client’s
biggest obstacle to successful completion of probation is the home environment in which the client lives.
75. Megan’s client is most likely participating in which type of probation?
a.
Probation diversion
b.
Institutional diversion
c.
Tiered diversion
d.
Effective diversion
76. Megan’s client is forced to spend a specific, detailed amount of time in his home as part of his probation., which is
referred to as
a.
restitution.
b.
fines.
c.
home confinement.
d.
day reporting.
77. Megan’s client must pay for the damages he was responsible for when he was manufacturing drugs. The monies he
will pay back will be considered
a.
community service.
b.
fines.
c.
restitution.
d.
forfeiture.
78. Megan, most likely, has a small caseload. Her caseload consists of how many clients?
a.
Less than 20
b.
21-60
c.
61-80
d.
81-100
79. If Megan's client were to commit a crime, this would be referred to as
a.
return offender.
b.
recriminalization.
c.
recidivism.
d.
redundancy.
80. If Megan's client were to commit a crime, the client would be in _______ violation of their parole.
a.
irreversible.
b.
specific.
c.
technical.
d.
general.
Judge Boylen has just sentenced a young adult female after she entered a plea of guilty for the charge of reckless
endangerment. She is a first-time offender who is a college student and works part time. Judge Boylen gave the offender
a sentence that fit the crime. The offender will be forced to make monetary payment to the court and spend ample time in
81. Judge Boylen required that the female offender pay money into the court system as a type of punishment, which is
referred to as
a.
bond.
b.
bail.
c.
forfeiture.
d.
a fine.
82. Judge Boylen also ordered a portion of female offender's savings account be seized because of the likelihood that it
came from the sale of illegal drugs, which is an example of
a.
a fine.
b.
asset displacement.
c.
repayment.
d.
forfeiture.
83. Which statement is true about evocation and termination of probation?
a.
Parole officers have some discretion as to whether they will recommend revocation for a technical offense.
b.
Revocation could ultimately save $50,000 or more in prison costs.
c.
Revocation rates for probationers differ significantly between jurisdictions.
d.
All of the above.
84. A sentence requiring the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in the community is called
a.
retribution.
b.
restitution.
c.
community service.
d.
forfeiture.
85. Which is true concerning community corrections?
a.
Greater caseload leads to greater pressures.
b.
It is supported by the increased use of evidence-based practices.
c.
Offenders today require closer supervision.
d.
All of the above.
86. From 1995 to 2012, the number of Americans under community supervision grew from 3.7 million to
a.
3.8 million.
b.
4.8 million.
c.
8.8 million.
d.
12.8 million.
87. A return to criminal behavior is called ______.
88. A conditional sentence allowing the offender to serve the sanctions imposed by the court while having free movement
within the community is called _____.
89. ________ is considered the first probation officer in the United States.
90. The _____ model emphasis reparation to the victim and the community, approaching crime from a problem-solving
perspective.
91. In the case of ____ the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that probationers have the right to an attorney.
92. Probation can be revoked when a probationer commits a new crime or a(n) ______.
93. A sum of money paid to the state by a convicted person as punishment is called a(n) ____.
94. Repayment by an offender to a victim is called _____.
95. Seizure by the government of property and other assets is called ______.
96. A sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specified periods is called ____.
97. There are two types of ISP: probation diversion and _____ diversion.
98. Short-term, intense boot camps are also referred to as _____.
99. ______ suffer from the image of being soft on crime.
100. _____ occurs when the use of intermediate sanctions results in more people coming under the control of the criminal
justice system than would have otherwise.
101. Rates of ____ for those ending a community corrections sentence are about the same as those of offenders leaving
prison.
102. ____ is the conditional release of the offender into the community, under the supervision of correctional officials.
103. As criminal justice agencies cope with budget cuts, observers anticipate that there may be greater reliance on ____ to
handle many of the duties previously managed by professionals.
104. Probation can end when the probationer status is _____because of misbehavior.
105. Studies have shown that the fine is used widely as a criminal sanction and that nationally, well over _____ in fines is
collected annually.
106. A(n) _____ sentence requires the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in the community.
107. In Sacramento, California, the probation department added to the functionality of its officers’ official vehicles by
installing _____ that use cameras to automatically examine and scan for license plates of stolen vehicles.
108. A(n) ____ is a community correctional center where an offender reports each day to comply with elements of a
sentence.
109. When comparing the costs of community supervision and incarceration, community supervision is _____ expensive
than ______.
110. _______ is probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload.
111. Boot camps are administered in the _____.
112. Community corrections still lacks widespread support and is often viewed as being _____ on crime.
113. Fines are administered by the ______.
114. Discuss why many critics believe that boot camps have failed in their attempt to “scare offenders straight.”
115. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of community corrections programs. How are these programs viewed by
the public?
116. Morris and Tonry have stated that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United States, and judges tend to rely
mostly on incarceration and probation. Discuss why this is the case.
117. How can community engagement promote new ideas in handling offenders on probation?
118. Describe the types of intermediate sanctions and how they are administered.
119. Discuss the purposes and effectiveness or ineffectiveness of community service as a form of punishment.
120. Through the use of examples, discuss how the American public can be convinced to support home confinement when
so many individuals feel as though such sanctions are a slap on the wrist.
121. Through the use of examples, illustrate the positive attributes associated with probation.
122. Why would a probation officer elect not to try to revoke a probationer’s probation if he or she has had a technical
violation. Discuss the ethics of this decision.
123. Discuss the philosophical assumptions that underlie community corrections.
