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Conservative and liberal justices convey the message in their rulings that
a. partisan affiliation is more important than ideological position.
b. ideology matters little in the way the justices rule.
c. the Bill of Rights is not that important to them.
d. criminal justice officials must be aware of the Bill of Rights in carrying out their
duties.
The job of controlling police misbehavior is often left to the internal control of the
police department.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true of the women in the police force?
a. Women have been serving as police officers since the early 1800s.
b. The smaller the police department, the higher the proportion of women as sworn
officers.
c. Women face little to no prejudice today in police work.
d. Women remain a minority in most police departments, and face a variety of
challenges.
The Supreme Court ruled in Graham v. Florida (2010) that executions are
unconstitutional for crimes committed by those younger than 18 years of age.
a. True
b. False
Jodi is serving a 5-year sentence for assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill.
She is incarcerated in the only institution for females in the state. Jodi feels as though
her constitutional rights have been trampled on several times, especially when they
search her cell. Jodi feels that the correctional officers do not treat the inmates properly,
and she has had enough. She plans to attempt to file a lawsuit.
Jodi feels that her Fourth Amendment rights have been violated due to the searches of
her cell. According to ____, Jodi does not have a case.
a. Hudson v. Palmer (1984)
b. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
c. Fulwood v. Clemmer (1962)
d. Gittlemacker v. Prasse (1970)
Which amendment requires the amount of bail not to be excessive?
a. Seventh Amendment
b. Eighth Amendment
c. Ninth Amendment
d. Tenth Amendment
Throughout the United States, police are characterized by
a. consolidation and a local orientation.
b. fragmentation and a national orientation.
c. consolidation and a national orientation.
d. fragmentation and a local orientation.
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe
with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised
to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have
happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth
realized that a crime had been committed against her.
Elizabeth was a victim of crime involving the use of computers and the Internet to
commit criminal acts, which is referred to as
a. cybercrime.
b. identify theft.
c. organized crime.
d. political crime.
Which demographic group are you most likely to find overrepresented in the prison
population of most states?
a. White males
b. African American males
c. White females
d. Hispanic men
An application to a court requesting that an order be issued to bring about a specified
action is called a
a. dismissal.
b. rejection at screening
c. guilty plea.
d. motion.
Prisoners in _____ typically spend up to 23 hours per day in their cells.
a. maximum security
b. supermaximum security
c. minimum security
d. boot camps
The primary function of jails is to
a. hold persons for less than 1 year.
b. hold persons for more than 1 year.
c. hold persons for more than 5 years.
d. avoid the stigma of prison.
Judges spend significant time as negotiators while working with prosecutors and
defense attorneys regarding plea bargaining.
a. True
b. False
Jeff frequently visits the local bar on his way home from his second shift factory job.
He and his coworkers often have a beer or two before going home in night. Jeff and his
friends are anxious to arrive to the bar on this particular night because his favorite NFL
team was playing. He hopes they will arrive to view the fourth quarter of the game. As
he enters the bar, he notes a group of noisy, obnoxious rival fans that have had too many
drinks. Jeff asks the group to quiet down so he can hear the game. He is immediately
approached by the members of the group asking if they want to make an issue of the
game. Before Jeff can answer, one member of the group throws a punch. Within
minutes, a full bar brawl gets ensued. Jeff ends up with a fractured skull, which results
in brain damage.
Jeff will most likely file a _____ lawsuit against the offenders who injured him, which
will not be difficult to win.
a. criminal
b. tort
c. civil
d. motion
Crime policies are often enacted that are popular with the public, but do little to actually
reduce crime.
a. True
b. False
A juvenile cannot waive his or her right to counsel or protection against
self-incrimination.
a. True
b. False
The practice by which judges grant releases if the defendant is employed and has roots
in the community is called
a. citation release.
b. preventive detention.
c. release on recognizance.
d. preventive assumption.
Which U.S. Supreme Court case involved setting standards for effective assistance of
counsel?
a. United States v. Cronic (1984)
b. United States v. Leon (1984)
c. New York v. Quarles (1984)
d. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Misdemeanors are the characteristic of which layer of the criminal justice system?
a. Layer 1
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 3
d. Layer 4
Compared to whites, African Americans and Hispanics are drawn into the criminal
justice system at a
a. slightly lower rate.
b. slightly higher rate.
c. similar rate.
d. much higher rate.
Nonpartisan selection allows the public to choose a judge from a list of candidates.
a. True
b. False
A witness observes a man stab an innocent bystander. What type of evidence would the
witness offer?
a. Circumstantial
b. Direct
c. Real
d. Demonstrative
Which is true concerning inmate leadership?
a. Officials were more successful at using inmate leaders to maintain order in the
traditional prison of the big house era.
b. Officials are more successful today in using inmate leaders to maintain order than in
the past.
c. Officials have easily manipulated inmate leaders to maintain order in the big house
era as well as the modern era of today.
d. Officials never seek to gain cooperation from inmate leaders.
Defendants must state that they made their pleas voluntarily in order for them to be
accepted by a judge.
a. True
b. False
A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes efficiency, speed, and finality as
well as the capacity to apprehend, try, convict, and dispose of a high proportion of
offenders is called the ________ model.
a. crime control
b. due process
c. constitutional
d. democratic
The nature of police work can make officers very suspicious of citizens whom they
encounter.
a. True
b. False
Public support for handling delinquent juveniles is strongest for the _______ emphasis.
a. rehabilitative
b. punitive
c. protective
d. retributive
The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is "beyond a
reasonable doubt."
a. True
b. False
When people break the law in order to save themselves or prevent a greater harm, they
will likely use the defense 0f _______ in court.
a. self-defense
b. entrapment
c. necessity
d. duress
The late Chief Justice ______ actively sought to reduce the opportunities for capital
punishment defendants to have their appeals heard by multiple courts.
a. John Roberts
b. William Rehnquist
c. Earl Warren
d. John Marshall
Crime victims may not file lawsuits against the offenders who injured them.
a. True
b. False
Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after
attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal
justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan
has been involved with his girlfriend for 3 years. His attorney reached an agreement
with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.
Ethan's attorney and the prosecutor were able to work out an agreement on the
expectation of a guilty plea. This agreement is also known as a
a. system.
b. task.
c. plea bargain.
d. filtering system.
Sentencing guidelines provide additional discretion for judges in the sentencing
process.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is contained in the Fifth Amendment?
a. Right to counsel
b. Right to remain silent
c. Free speech clause
d. Warrant clause
Give two examples of how budget cutbacks influence the use of mandatory sentencing
and of good time.
In the case of ____ the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that probationers have the right to an
attorney.
According to the research on policing, officers have a significant amount of
discretionary time during their shifts. If you were a police administrator, how might you
attempt to keep your officers accountable for their time? What style of policing would
you promote to reflect your style?
The _________ function applies to situations in which the law has been violated and
the offender needs to be identified or located and then apprehended.
__________ is a reform plan in which judges are nominated by a commission and
appointed by the governor for a given period.
_______ cases are processed and offenders are sentenced in courts of general
jurisdiction.
The ________ function is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that either disturbs or
threatens to disturb the peace or involves face-to-face conflict among two or more
people.
An attorney's requests for delays in court proceedings are called ______.
______ include anything that enhances the comfort of the inmates, such as good food,
clean cells, and recreational opportunities.
A child who is not receiving proper care because of action or inaction by his or her
parent is considered a(n) _____ child.
A field of criminology that examines the role of a victim is called _______.
The local view of the proper sentence is called the _______.
The development of ________ testing has freed many innocent people who were
wrongly incarcerated.
Judicial decisions guided by the past cases are called ____________________.
Prisoners who are _______ view their prison term as a brief, inevitable break in their
criminal careers.
Since September 11, 2001, American police have increasingly focused their activities
on ____________________.
The ____________________ is responsible for law enforcement in counties of the
United States.
As part of a ________, police officers are expected to observe rules and obey orders
while also making independent, discretionary judgments.
