Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state. Chan Le has an extremely
large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle
of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught
shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store. Two days
prior, this client failed a drug test.
Chan Le’s client most likely has a(n) ________ rate of recidivism on probation as
compared to if he had been incarcerated.
a. increased
b. decreased
c. equal
d. slightly increased
Jenna works for the Innocence Project. She is currently working on a case where her
client states that she was wrongly convicted. Jenna has been reviewing the court
transcripts and has determined that the prosecutor seems to have withheld information
that was pertinent to the case. Jenna’s client was given a 20-year sentence for murder.
She has reduced that sentence by participating in programs and through her positive
behavior while incarcerated.
Jenna was able to request and confirm a new test for her client in order to prove her
innocence. She, most likely, is having her client’s _______ tested.
a. DNA
b. testimony
c. witness
d. ANA
Which type of prison staff is the most numerous?
a. Wardens
b. Custodial employees
c. Investigators
d. Counselors
The development of DNA technology has increased the number of people convicted by
juries and later exonerated by science.
a. True
b. False
The most important factor in the decision to take a case to trial is likely to be the
a. seriousness of the charge.
b. previous record of the defendant.
c. quality of the defense attorney.
d. ideology of the judge.
Jails are operated locally by elected officials.
a. True
b. False
Plea bargaining was ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court but it is still
practiced informally.
a. True
b. False
Working in the context of prison management refers to keeping inmates secure.
a. True
b. False
Research conducted on large police departments found that a key factor in solving
crimes was
a. identification of the perpetrator by the victim or the witnesses.
b. the police arriving at the scene of the crime in less than a minute.
c. the intelligence of the police officers.
d. the size of the police force.
Which of the following is not a feature of the community model of corrections?
a. Reintegration as a goal.
b. Get-tough polices
c. A challenge to conventional governmental powers.
d. Outgrowth of the civil rights movement.
Miranda rights are drawn from the
a. Fourth and Fifth Amendments.
b. Fifth and Sixth Amendments.
c. Seventh and Eighth Amendments.
d. Eighth and Ninth Amendments.
Most cases are handled by criminal lawyers who must quickly process a large volume
of cases for small fees.
a. True
b. False
The United States has a ______ system.
a. dual-court
b. triple-court
c. one-court
d. quadruple-court
On average, how many types of difficult situations are patrol officers expected to
handle per week?
a. 4
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
What strategy do corrections officers employ to gain voluntary cooperation from
prisoners?
a. Brute force
b. Withholding food
c. Flexible enforcement of rules
d. Rigid enforcement of rules
Which of the following is a common measure taken by poorer individuals in an attempt
to reduce the fear of crime?
a. Hiring private security companies
b. Moving to the suburbs
c. Installing home security systems
d. Working in the night shift
Quantifying police work is relatively easy.
a. True
b. False
Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired. This was Wesley’s
second conviction. He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his
experience so far. He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say
they are not guilty. Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is
someone he supported and actually voted for. Wesley knows that the next 10 months
cannot go fast enough.
Wesley is most likely serving his time in a(n)
a. jail.
b. state prison.
c. federal prison.
d. immigration prison.
According to Cole and Smith, what is the biggest barrier to effective justice for state
courts?
a. Lack of qualified judges
b. Too few courthouses
c. Not enough police officers
d. The fragmented structure of the judicial system
Since September 11, 2001, U.S. law enforcement has decreased its presence in foreign
countries.
a. True
b. False
Cooperation since 9/11 among the federal policing agencies has made progress in the
sharing of intelligence.
a. True
b. False
Under the doctrine of ______, which held the king to be the father of the realm, the
chancery courts exercised protective jurisdiction over all children, particularly those
involved in questions of dependency, neglect, and property.
a. stubborn child law
b. parens patriae
c. In re Gault
d. In re Winship
Which of the following is not a principle of the separate confinement system?
a. Prisoners would not be treated vengefully but should be convinced that
through hard and selective forms of suffering they could change their lives.
b. Solitary confinement would prevent further corruption inside prison.
c. Solitary confinement is expensive.
d. In isolation, offenders would reflect on their transgressions and repent.
Services offered through a full-time staff of nurses, augmented by contractual physician
services, are a part of the prison’s _______ program.
a. treatment
b. healthy living
c. educational
d. medical
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that police do not need to show reasonable
suspicion to search a parolee?
a. Monell v. Department of Social Services for the City of New York (1978)
b. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
c. Samson v. California (2006)
d. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
Warden Smith is in charge of a female prison that houses the women from her state. She
has been working diligently to improve the conditions of the prison for the women.
Warden Smith has increased programs for the women, spending significant amounts of
money on improving the educational system behind bars. She also received a grant that
allowed the prison to have an around-the-clock medical staff person to care for the
inmates. Warden Smith has also managed to incorporate programs to increase the
mother”child bond.
What percentage of Warden Smith’s inmates have a child at home?
a. 41%
b. 51%
c. 61%
d. 71%
___ can, through early release, shorten the sentence given by a judge.
a. Prison wardens
b. State legislators
c. Parole boards
d. Probation boards
Judge Boylen has just sentenced a young adult female after she entered a plea of guilty
for the charge of reckless endangerment. She is a first-time offender who is a college
student and works part time. Judge Boylen gave the offender a sentence that fit the
crime. The offender will be forced to make monetary payment to the court and spend
ample time in the community.
Which statement is true about evocation and termination ofprobation?
a. Parole officers have some discretion as to whether they will recommend revocation
for a technical offense.
b. Revocation could ultimately save $50,000 or more in prison costs.
c. Revocation rates for probationers differ significantly between jurisdictions.
d. All of the above.
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students
and their lockers?
a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
b. Fare v. Michael C. (1979)
c. Schall v. Martin (1984)
d. In re Gault (1967)
Federalism divides power between the central (national) government and regional
(state) governments.
a. True
b. False
In North Carolina v. Alford (1970), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
a. when a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, it must be fulfilled.
b. defendants must uphold the plea agreement or suffer the consequences.
c. a plea of guilty may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence by a defendant
who maintains his or her innocence.
d. defendants must state that they are voluntarily making a plea of guilty.
_________ is the confiscation of property by the state because it was used in or
acquired through a crime.
a. Confiscation
b. Civil forfeiture
c. Seizure
d. Land grab
A bench trial is presided over by a judge and
a. a 6-person jury
b. a 9-person jury
c. a 12-person jury
d. no jury