Mader, Biology, AP Edition 11th Edition

1) both the neural and endocrine systems play a role in coordinating body activities. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) most chromalveolateshave the alternation of generations life cycle, but some species of fungus have a diplontic life cycle. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) chemiosmotic atp synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. Answer: false Answer: false Answer:

1) all hominoids walk upright. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) communication is an action by a sender that may influence the behavior of a receiver. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) chloroplast are capable of running photosynthesis which is the most abundant form of anabolic metabolism in life. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 4) an

1) the liver functions in digestion by a. converting hemoglobin to bilirubin and biliverdin. b. destroying old red blood cells. c. producing blood proteins. d. producing urea. e. producing bile. Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skins after they lose their gills. you would expect lungless salamanders to a. prefer

1) extinction can occur if a species is unable to adapt to a changing environment. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) gene therapy is being used in cancer patients to make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy and to make tumors more vulnerable to chemotherapy. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the use

1) an abandoned indiana coal mine spoil bank contains chunks of pyrite minerals. under constant erosion and weathering, the pyrites leech large amounts of sulfuric acid (h2so4). the spoil banks are also mixed with large quantities of basic limestone and clay carbonates. what should occur over time? a. the ph level will drop

1) which term refers to the attraction to water molecules? a. hydrophilic b. hydrophobic c. hydrolysis d. photolysis e. nitrophylic Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) darwin's opinion that living forms must be descended from extinct forms was based on ________ evidence. a. anatomical b. biochemical c. fossil d. biogeographical Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) the reactivity of an organic molecule is primarily dependent

1) all cells have a cell wall that regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) dr. james isolated staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria, from the leg wound of a ten year old boy. he suspected these bacteria would grow better at body

1) when bone marrow stem cells are removed from the patient, infected with a virus that carries a normal gene, and returned to the patient, this is an example of a. pcr. b. chemotherapy. c. viral disinfection. d. in vivo gene therapy. e. ex vivo gene therapy. Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) the hepatic portal vein brings

1) among the many functions of wetlands is (are) a. providing food and habitats for fish, waterfowl, and wildlife. b. purifying water by filtering it and breaking down toxic wastes and nutrients. c. absorbing storm and overflow waters. d. all of the choices are functions performed by wetlands. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) there is a

1) approximately what percentage of the energy in one trophic level is incorporated into the next trophic level? a. 1% b. 10% c. 30% d. 60% e. 100% Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) a typical leaf is composed of multiple layers of specialized cells. what is the correct order of layers starting on the upper surface of the

1) when a round fruit plant is crossed with a long fruit plant their offspring are oval. what is the best explanation for this scenario? a. pleiotropic inheritance b. polygenic inheritance c. incomplete dominance d. x-linked inheritance Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) tropical rainforests have many species that are found in great abundance. a study in

1) which of the following endocrine glands does not produce its own hormones, but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus? a. thyroid b. adrenal cortex c. adrenal medulla d. posterior pituitary e. anterior pituitary Answer: Answer: Answer: 2) what type of fiber accounts for the strength of various connective tissues? a. elastic b. collagen c. actin d. reticular Answer: b Answer:

1) an elementary student decides to conduct an experiment comparing the effectiveness of two commercial soaps as cleaning agents, using each in paired tests of different types of stains and colors of cloth, where the only variable was the soap used. the student will use the judgment of classmates to decide if

1) which line of defense would be the most severely impacted if a person was to suffer 3rd degree burns across the majority of their lower body? a. innate immunity b. adaptive immunity c. production of t & b cells d. the production of complements and interferons Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) two species of the

1) if the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "rna world" is correct, what would be necessary to shift to a "dna world"? a. an enzyme or reaction capable of removing one oxygen from ribose in nucleotides b. enzymes for reverse transcription of rna into dna c. new enzymes to replicate the

1) the temperature is nearly uniform throughout a lake a. during winter when the ice forms an insulating cover. b. during summer when the sunlight warms the surface and the wind mixes the layers. c. by the end of the fall and spring overturn. d. at all times due to winds causing constant mixing

1) which characteristic of pea plants were important in their selection as mendel's research organism? a. peas are easy to cultivate. b. pea plants have a short generation time. c. pea plants are self-pollinating but can be cross-fertilized easily. d. many true-breeding varieties were available. e. all of the above were important characteristics in mendel's

1) which type of soil is best able to retain calcium and potassium, preventing them from being leached away by runoff? a. clay b. humus c. sand d. all soils are equal in preventing leaching of minerals. e. none of these soils would prevent leaching of minerals. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) protons (h+) accumulate in the thylakoid

1) the structures in the outermost ring of floral structures that cover and protect the bud are a. carpels. b. sepals. c. receptacles. d. petals. e. stamens. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of the following is not one of the stages of hiv infection? a. a greater than 500 cd4 + t cells per microliter of blood. b.

1) a 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. the thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. where is the highest concentration of water found? a. in the 10% solution b. in the 5% solution c. the concentration of water is the same in both

1) you need to identify a plant, but it is winter and the leaves have fallen to the ground and mixed with leaves from other plants. the parts of flowers, fruits, and seed leaves of germinating seeds are not available either. your best clue to identify the plants as a

1) single celled eukaryotic cells belong to which of the following domains? a. eukarya b. fungi c. animalia d. plantae Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) in the pine life cycle, a. fertilization occurs shortly after pollination to produce the zygote. b. the gametophyte generation is dominant and the sporophyte generation is inconspicuous. c. seed cones are smaller than pollen

1) transgenic plant products include all of the following except a. soybeans that are resistant to a common herbicide. b. an antibody produced by soybeans to treat genital herpes. c. suicide genes that cause the plants to self destruct after their product has been produced. d. antibodies produced by corn plants that deliver radioisotopes

1) all food chains begin with a photosynthetic producer. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) in order for a community to reach the status of climax community, succession must always begin with pioneer species. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 3) the human embryo becomes a fetus at the end of the second month of gestation. Answer: true Answer:

1) the first eukaryotic cells probably arose about _____ billion years ago. a. 2.2 b. 2.5 c. 3.5 d. 4.5 Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) if you are trying to alter the defensive mechanisms of a plant, which component of the signal transduction pathway would be the ideal place to do this? a. alter the receptor molecule

1) study the figure at right. what does the letter a depict? a. energy of the reactant b. energy of the products c. energy of activation d. substrate concentration Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) substrates that reoccur in several metabolic pathways form the metabolic pool. study the figure to match the substrates with the corresponding pathway. a. a

1) flukes are divided into monogenea and digenea. monogenea have a posterior holdfast with hooks, clamps, and suckers; digenea have suckers but never hooks and clamps. monogenea have only one host in the life cycle, and usually live on gills or skin of fish and amphibians; digenea have at least two

1) in spite of hundreds of millions of dollars spent on insecticides targeted at pest control for agricultural and medical purposes, man has been unable to drive any to extinction. on the other hand, the extinction of many species of birds, fishes, plants, and insects species have occurred as a result

1) simple goiter can be prevented by a. surgery to remove the thyroid gland. b. removal of the pituitary. c. administration of acth. d. administration of insulin. e. increasing intake of iodine in the diet. Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) after eating eggs for breakfast, you return in the evening, dunk the dirty dishes in water, and

1) the cylinders in this experiment represent a 24-hour period. the light area represents light periods during a 24-hr. period and the dark area represents dark periods during a 24-hr. period. the critical length of dark vs. light periods for flowering is depicted by the dotted line. note that some plants

1) snakes, frogs, squirrels and humans are all classified as being homeothermic. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) diagnostic traits can be used to distinguish between species of living organisms only. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 3) the first species to begin secondary succession are called pioneer species, or colonizers. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 4) sphincter muscles regulate

1) which hormone from the adrenal cortex of the kidneys will cause the distal convoluted tubules to reabsorb more sodium ions? a. renin b. angiotensinogen c. angiotensin ii d. adh e. aldosterone Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) immediate allergic responses are caused by ______ antibodies. a. iga b. igg c. ige d. igm e. igd Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 3) all of the

1) which biome is characterized by rainfall under 25 cm/year, hot days, cold nights, and quickly blooming plants? a. grasslands b. temperate deciduous forest c. temperate deserts d. taiga e. tundra Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) what type of selection is occurring in a population if the distribution graph shifts from the left end of the spectrum to

1) which of the following statements concerning the indirect values of biodiversity is not correct? a. trees take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen when they photosynthesize. b. forests act as a sponge to soak up water and release it during drier periods. c. if biodiversity cannot maintain the biogeochemical cycles, then technology

1) the four defining characteristics of chordates are a. segmentation, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, and an amniotic egg. b. a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, bilateral symmetry, and mammary glands. c. bilateral symmetry, segmentation, a well-developed coelom, and limbs. d. a well-developed coelom, pharyngeal pouches, a notochord, and jaws. e. pharyngeal

1) the differences between organic and inorganic molecules do not follow simple absolute rules. however, most organic molecules are associated with living organisms. which of the following statements does not correspond to the general distinctions between these types of molecules? a. carbon dioxide (co2) lacks hydrogen atoms found in organic molecules. b.

1) an adolescent female who is hyperactive, nervous, irritable and has eyes that are protruding from their sockets is most likely suffering from ________ which is caused by ___________. a. grave's disease, oversecretion of t3 or t4 due to antibodies that mimic the effect of tsh. b. grave's disease, undersecretion of t3

1) if macroevolution was goal oriented then organisms would be perfect in form and not have any flaws. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) only lycophytes have true roots, stems, and leaves. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 3) lenticels are small openings on the underside of eudicot leaves where gaseous exchange occurs. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 4) an unhealthy

1) which aquatic zone will provide habitat for invertebrates and many small fish? a. littoral zone b. profundal zone c. epipelagic zone d. limnetic zone Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following tissues forms the outer protective covering of the plant? a. epidermal tissue b. ground tissue c. meristematic tissue d. vascular tissue Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) which of

1) conservation biology is a field that relies on multiple other disciplines to support it. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) gene cloning can be accomplished by recombinant dna technology and polymerase chain reactions. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) the hardy-weinberg equilibrium is usually met in populations in changing environments. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 4) the relationship

1) identify the feature found in cooksonia that qualify it as a vascular plant. a. presence of roots b. contained leaves c. had branches that ended in sporangia d. produced windblown spores Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which association of structure and function is incorrect? a. chorion - gas exchange b. amnion - blood vessels c. allantois - waste

1) an organism does not necessarily have to ensure that its own genes are passed to the next generation. the adaptation to the environment due to the reproductive success of an organism's relatives is a. altruism. b. kin selection. c. natural selection. d. direct selection. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which statement is correct about how

1) all of the biochemical pathways in a cell constitute a. coupling reactions. b. free energy. c. endergonic reactions only. d. exergonic reactions only. e. metabolism. Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) the epidermis consists of a. stratified squamous epithelial cells. b. collagen fibers. c. elastic fibers. d. adipose tissue. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) chyme is produced in the a. small intestine. b. stomach. c. esophagus. d.

1) what is the major reason why xenotransplantation is not being widely used in medicine today? a. the human patient will often reject the animal organ. b. there are not enough animal organs available for transplant. c. people are not willing to accept an animal organ during a transplant. d. there are not enough

1) the early explorers used sailing ships, which were blown by the major winds; therefore, columbus and other sailors generally traveled from europe to north america by the mid-latitude westerlies, and returned to europe by the southern easterlies near the equator. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) immediately becomes a six-carbon sugar that is

1) which of the following groups ofplants contain microphylls? a. lycophytes b. pteridophytes c. bryophytes d. gymnosperms e. angiosperms Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following organisms is not ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy? a. a night-blooming flower is pollinated by night-flying bats. b. an underground earthworm avoids the sun. c. a cave

1) which piece of evidence supports the hypothesis of continental drift? a. alfred wegener believed that the continents formed a supercontinent called pangea. b. charles darwin believed that the continents formed a supercontinent called pangea. c. charles lyell believed that the continents split into two smaller continents called gondwana and laurasia. d. alfred wallace

1) marine annelids (polychaetes) are different than earthworms in that polychaetes a. lack the setae that earthworms have. b. have paddle-like parapodia that earthworms do not have. c. have segments, whereas marine annelids do not. d. lack a larval form, whereas earthworms have a larvae form. e. marine annelids have a well developed coelom, whereas

1) if an individual was interested in eating a healthy breakfast that would provide them with energy for the entire day the breakfast should include which of the following foods? a. whole grain cereal with 4 ounces of milk. b. two pieces of whole grain toast made with refined wheat flour. c. two

1) a change in the chromosome number resulting from nondisjunction is called euploidy. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) some memories are emotionally charged because the amygdala triggers associations between fear and sensory information. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) the iron in a hemoglobin molecule is actually what binds the oxygen. Answer: true Answer:

1) the northern copperhead is agkistrodon contortrix contortrix, the southern copperhead is agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, and the cottonmouth is agkistrodon piscivorous. therefore, a. all are subspecies of agkistrodon. b. they are three distinct species. c. the copperheads are subspecies and the cottonmouth is a separate species. d. they are all the same species. Answer: c Answer:

1) which statement is not true about water uptake in a plant root? a. water enters the root from the soil by osmosis. b. water enters the cytoplasm of the root hairs by active transport. c. water travels by diffusion through the cell walls of the epidermis and cortex. d. water must enter the

1) which of the following pathogens would our innate immunity help protect us against? a. viruses b. bacteria c. fungi d. innate immunity would defend us against all of these pathogens. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? a. produce and distribute lymphocytes. b. absorb excess tissue fluid

1) what is the molecular formula for 5 glucose molecules? a. c30h50o25 b. c30h60o30 c. c30h52o26 d. c6h24o12 Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) ______ were the first vertebrates to live on land and they evolved from _____. a. amphibians; fish b. reptiles; amphibians c. mammals; reptiles d. amphibians; lancelets Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) evolutionary change above the species level is referred

1) which of the following statements about dna replication is not correct? a. unwinding of the dna molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break. b. replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it. c. the process is known as semiconservative replication because one old strand is conserved in the new

1) which of the following features is unique to bacterial cells? a. nucleoid region b. nucleus c. cell membrane d. cell wall e. ribosome Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which feature is found in the bony fish but not in the cartilaginous fish? a. scales b. lateral line system for detecting prey c. endothermy d. ectothermy e. swim bladder Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 3)

1) as lymph passes through the sinuses of lymph nodes, it is filtered by ______ that engulf debris and pathogens. a. t cells b. b cells c. neutrophils d. macrophages Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) homologous structures such as the bones in wings, flippers, and arms would be studied in the field of a. comparative anatomy. b. biogeography. c.

1) mammals are different from birds in all these characteristics except a. hair. b. mammary glands. c. constant body temperature. d. young born alive. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which muscle list of structures is correctly organized from large to small? a. muscle, muscle cell, myofibril, sarcomeres, filaments b. muscle, muscle fibers, sarcomeres, filaments, myofibrils c. muscle, sarcolemma, myofibrils,

1) which statement is not true about natural selection? a. directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another different extreme phenotype. b. stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the extreme phenotypes. c. disruptive selection favors both of the extreme phenotypes over the intermediate phenotype. d. directional selection leads

1) where on this phylogenetic tree of primate evolution do you find evolution of the hominines? a. no. 1 b. no. 2 c. no. 3 d. no. 4 e. no. 5 Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which carbohydrate is used in the liver for energy storage? a. starch b. chitin c. cellulose d. glycogen e. glycerol Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 3) the x-ray diffraction

1) which of the following is not associated with animal cells? a. an extracellular matrix b. plasmodesmata c. gap junctions d. adhesion junctions (desmosomes) e. tight junctions incorrect Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which statement is not correct about the trp operon? a. the structural genes make products that are part of an anabolic pathway for the synthesis

1) it is estimated that humans have approximately ______ base pairs in our genome. a. 3 billion b. 2.5 million c. 180 million d. 12 trillion Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following substances have not been identified as a pamp? a. double-stranded dna b. double-stranded rna c. carbohydrates on the cell walls of bacteria d. lipids on

1) based on this tree, mammals are as closely related to birds as they are to snakes. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) transgenic plants must be approved by the food and drug administration before they are considered safe for human consumption. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) glycolysis is a catabolic process. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 4)

1) choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to exclusive. a. domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species b. kingdom-domain-class-phylum-order-family-genus-species c. kingdom-domain-class-phylum-order-genus-species-family d. kingdom-class-phylum-domain-genus-order-family-species Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following definitions best describes the role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamp's)? a. pamp's are molecules on a pathogen that can be recognized by the host organisms immune system. b. pamp's

1) once exposed to an antibiotic drug, bacteria will develop a resistance in order to survive and then pass the resistance onto subsequent generations. this is an example of lamark's idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) the deceleration phase of growth always precedes the stable equilibrium

1) the waggle dance of a bee indicates to other bees in the hive the direction of food. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) the process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called phagocytosis. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) are only present in the cell immediately before apoptosis begins. Answer:

1) a flagellated protist that is sexually transmitted is a. plasmodium. b. giardia. c. entamoeba. d. trichomonas. e. paramecium. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) which factor led to mendel's success as a scientist? a. applied mathematics to the field of science b. followed the scientific method very closely c. kept detailed records of his research d. all of these factors made

1) the term "protists" is used to refer to eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) rejection of transplanted tissue is treated with immunosuppressive drugs that prevent the activity of b cells. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 3) the distribution of mammalian fossils on australia, south america and africa

1) a functional advantage of having human testes in the scrotum rather than in the abdomen is a. lack of room in the abdomen. b. a shorter sperm duct. c. more direct blood supply. d. lower temperature. e. greater protection to the testes. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) the exchange of gases between the lungs and the

1) identify what happens when the doctor hits your knee cap with the rubber hammer during your annual physical. a. the stimulus travels down the axon of your sensory neuron, through the dorsal root ganglion, is transmitted through the dendrites of the sensory neuron to the interneuron. from here it enters

1) which of these plant tissue types is composed of sieve-tube elements and companion cells, and transports organic nutrients made in the leaves? a. xylem b. phloem c. collenchyma d. sclerenchyma e. parenchyma Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) which of the following processes does not take place during translation? a. growth of a polypeptide chain. b. attachment of a

1) what would you find in the heart of an amphibian? a. one atrium and one ventricle b. two atria and one ventricle c. one atrium and two ventricles d. two atria and two ventricles e. two atria and a partially divided ventricle Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) to what does the term grana refer? a. the double

1) match the terms in the word bank with the labeled structures on the diagram. briefly define the function of each structure: axon, nucleus, cell body, dendrite, myelin sheath. 1> b - cell body a. the part of a neuron that sends signals toward the cell body 2> e - axon b.

1) the most successful mammals belong to the marsupials group. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) a community that contains a low species diversity will often have a high species richness. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 3) the gymnosperms produce seeds that are enclosed within a fruit. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 4) since the population of the ldcs

1) which of the following features would have helped early plant ancestors evolve to a terrestrial existence? a. cellulose in the cell walls b. apical cells c. plasmodesmata d. placenta e. all of these features would have helped Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) what are the end products of photosynthesis? a. glucose & oxygen b. glucose & atp c. carbon

1) which description best describes the cell wall of a gram-positive bacteria? a. it is composed of a single plasma membrane and a thin outer layer of peptidoglycan. b. it is composed of a double layer in the plasma membrane and a thin outer layer of peptidoglycan. c. it is composed of a

1) both t3 and t4 are produced in the thyroid and are responsible for increasing the metabolic rate of specific organs in the body. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) it is estimated that an average of two or three cross-overs occur per human chromosome. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) platelets will

1) all chordates are also vertebrates. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) vascular tissue extends through the roots, stems, and leaves of the entire plant. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) both living and nonliving entities adapt to the environment Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 4) altruism is very rare in societies where the individual's genes have a greater

1) with negative pressure breathing, the muscles that move the ribs and diaphragm are distant from the absorptive alveolar surfaces. what difficulty(ies) could occur if the muscles were around each alveolus and had to expand each alveolus to suck in air? a. muscle tissue would get in the way of absorption

1) the concentration of protein in the blood is higher in post-glomerular blood as compared with that in arterial blood because a. protein is digested and then concentrated in glomerular (bowman's) capsule. b. the kidney manufactures and then stores protein in the glomerulus. c. reabsorption of protein occurs. d. water passes into the capsule,

1) the structure that absorbs nutrients from the small intestines and delivers the nutrients in the blood to the liver is the a. hepatic portal artery. b. hepatic portal vein. c. renal vein. d. none of the choices are correct. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) bacteriophages carry portions of bacterial dna from one cell to another in

1) which of the following crosses would always result in offspring that only display the dominant phenotype? a. tt x tt b. tt x tt c. tt x tt d. tt x tt e. two of the crosses will always display the dominant phenotype Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) which of the following floral structures are present

1) ecologist robert macarthur observed that five species of similar warblers coexisted on spruce trees because they a. ate different kinds of insects. b. cooperated in their foraging habits. c. foraged in different places of the tree canopy. d. were actually subspecies of the same species. e. were kept below the carrying capacity by predators. Answer: c Answer:

1) which component of the flowering plant is considered the female portion of the plant? a. carpel b. stamen c. style d. corolla Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following features were present in the transitional species between amphibian tetrapods and the fishes? a. fins, scales and expanded ribs b. fins, rounded head with eyes on

1) food is prevented from entering the trachea by the a. pharynx. b. larynx. c. epiglottis. d. glottis. e. sphincter muscle. incorrect Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) major cardiovascular disorders include all of the following except a. atherosclerosis. b. stroke. c. hypertension. d. diabetes. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 3) which of the following descriptions applies to megaphylls? a. can be found in both the pteridophytes

1) generally the respiratory system in birds a. is identical to the human breathing system. b. is merely accelerated by the flight muscles. c. resembles the positive pressure system of a frog. d. is a one-way circulation of air so constant oxygen absorption can meet the high oxygen demand. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) which of

1) if the probability of event a is 3/4 and the probability of event b is 1/4, then the probability of both a and b occurring at the same time is a. 3/4. b. 1/4. c. 1 or absolute certainty. d. 1/2. e. 3/16. Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) hominin evolution began about a. 4.6 bya (billion years

1) which is not true about the electrical charges in chemistry? a. protons carry a positive charge. b. in an atom, the number of protons and neutrons must be equal. c. an atom is neutral when the positive and negative charges balance. d. an ion contains one or more positive or negative charges. incorrect Answer: b Answer:

1) cnidaria and flatworms exchange gases and remove wastes by way of their a. open circulatory systems. b. closed circulatory systems. c. gastrovascular cavities. d. moist skin surfaces. e. respiratory and excretory systems. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following organisms will contain hemolymph as the fluid of their circulatory system? a. grasshopper b. sea star c. molluscs d.

1) a population of organisms that reproduce asexually without gametes from other individuals will display more variation than a population that reproduces sexually. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) analogous structures serve the same function, are similarly constructed and are inherited from a common ancestor. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 3) during habitat preservation landscape preservation

1) in order for signal transduction to work properly in plants the ______________________. a. correct hormone needs to bind to the appropriate receptor in order to enter the cell b. relay proteins need to amplify the signal and convert it into one that will alter the cellular machinery c. gene expression must change

1) the particular place where an organism lives is its a. life zone. b. niche. c. ecosystem. d. community. e. habitat. Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) the part of the brain that controls the anterior pituitary gland secretions is the a. medulla. b. thalamus. c. cerebral cortex. d. hypothalamus. e. cerebellum. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 3) the followingpicture depicts which of the following

1) the correct order in which a light ray reaches the retina is: a. cornea-vitreous humor-pupil-lens-aqueous humor-retina. b. lens-vitreous humor-cornea-aqueous humor-retina. c. lens-cornea-aqueous humor-vitreous humor-retina. d. cornea-aqueous humor-pupil-lens-vitreous humor-retina. e. lens-aqueous humor-cornea-vitreous humor-retina. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) why do polar bodies form? a. they nurse the egg as it leaves the follicle. b. this is extra chromosomal material

1) which of the following statements about the process of hearing is true? a. hearing is not dependent on the inner ear. b. all parts of the organ of corti hear all ranges of sound. c. loud music cannot damage your ears. d. hearing is dependent on mechanical pressure. e. sound is similar to light

1) what is the main reason for the changes that are occurring in the earth's climate? a. large scale deforestation b. disruption of the waste recycling by decomposers c. over harvesting of wild species for consumptive value d. drainage of wetlands producing a disruption of water purification e. an increase in soil erosion leading to

1) growth at two replication forks arising from a single origin of replication produce a "bubble" as daughter dna molecules form. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) metamorphosis is a change in form and physiology that occurs during the development of an insect. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) the formation of the ozone shield during

1) all of the following structures are part of the male reproductive system except a. testes. b. epididymis. c. penis. d. fimbriae. e. prostate. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) imagine a person has a genetic disorder that prevents them from producing the protein collagen, what types of cellular issues will they be faced with? a. the cell

1) which of the following structures is a stem adaptation instead of a root adaptation? a. stolons b. rhizomes c. tubers d. corms e. all are stem adaptations Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) a person working in a rice paddy in asia becomes infected with the liver fluke by a. eating infected snails. b. drinking water contaminated with eggs. c.

1) the use of a molecular clock may be used to indicate relatedness and evolutionary time a. if nucleic acid changes are neutral and not tied to adaptation. b. if nucleic acid changes occur at a fairly constant rate. c. but still needs to be calibrated with the fossil record. d. all of the

1) what is the scalanaturae? a. a species of horse b. the first theory of evolution c. a sequential ladder of life, with humans at the top d. another name for the theory of special creation Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) in his theory of natural selection, darwin incorporated the premise that available resources were not

1) which component in an operon is incorrectly matched with its function? a. promoterwhere rna polymerase first binds to dna b. regulator genebinds to the repressor protein c. structural genemakes mrna by transcription d. operatorif not bound to repressor, allows rna polymerase to bind to dna Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) the cortex found in the

1) gene mutation occurs at any time, without respect to the mutation's adaptive value or benefit to the organism. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) plants that conduct c-4 metabolism are desert plants. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) scientists estimate that at least 50-60% of all species now living will most likely become extinct in

1) farmers have been able to genetically engineer a wide variety of crops that possess an enormous diversity of traits. if a farmer wanted to increase the ability of his crops to access ground water that is several meters below ground which type of root system would he want? a. taproot b. prop

1) although there is no connection between the female urinary and reproductive tracts, there is a connection in males because a. urine is produced in the nephrons and sperm is produced in the ureters. both then pass through the urethra to exit the body. b. urine is produced in the kidneys, but passes

1) polygenic traits such as height or weight are often influenced by the environment of the organism. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) migratory birds store energy as glycogen which is lighter than fat. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 3) the hemocoel is an open space in an insect that contains blood outside of the vessels. Answer:

1) match the items below with their descriptions: art-based; matching use figures a, b and c to identify the three most common prokaryote shapes. 1> figure b a. spirochetes or spirilla 2> figure a b. cocci 3> figure c c. bacilli Answer: a-2, b-1, c-3 Answer: a-2, b-1, c-3 Answer: a-2, b-1, c-3 2) the enzyme that breaks down

1) what are the potential consequences if a person's kidney suddenly stopped secreting the normal hormones? a. the person would have trouble regulating their blood volume and pressure due to the imbalance of salt in the blood stream. b. there would be an increase in the amount of water retained in the

1) selective reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occur in the ____ of the nephron. a. glomerulus b. distal convoluted tubule c. proximal convoluted tubule d. collecting duct e. loop of the nephron (loop of henle) Answer: a selective reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occur in the proximal convolutced tubule of the nephron, not

1) which statement is not true about dna replication in eukaryotes? a. replication of the entire genome takes about ten minutes. b. a replication fork occurs at each growing point of the replicating chromosome(s). c. eukaryotes have many different chromosomes, with replication occurring in each at the same time. d. replication occurs at the

1) saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in: a. the number of carbon-to-carbon bonds b. the consistency at room temperature c. the number of hydrogen atoms present d. all of the choices are differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) you are more likely to develop some forms of

1) which of the following statements about asexual reproduction is not true? a. asexual reproduction occurs with only one parent. b. asexual reproduction is less commonly used by vertebrates. c. asexual reproduction can occur by budding or by division and regeneration. d. a large number of offspring can be produced in this way in

1) the germinating corn seed pictured below is displaying a. negative gravitropism. b. positive gravitropism. c. thigmotropism. d. negative phototropism. e. positive phototropism. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) the frequent change in hiv surface proteins is a type of a. coevolution. b. parasitism. c. mutualism. d. commensalism. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 3) identify the major tumor suppressor gene that is more frequently mutated

1) if the mean annual precipitation of a region, currently characterized by grasslands, was to increase by 50 cm per year, what type of biome(s) would evolve in that region? a. temperate forests b. savanna c. deserts and tropical rainforests d. taiga and temperate rainforests e. temperate forests and shrublands Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) cutting off

1) a polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers? a. simple sugars b. amino acids c. nucleotides d. alternating sugar and phosphate groups e. fatty acids and glycerol Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) what is the path of an excreted water molecule as it moves from the glomerulus to collecting duct? a. loop of

1) an extracellular matrix helps some cells to adhere to neighboring cells. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) during the replication of dna, dna polymerase has to synthesize the daughter strand in the 5' to 3 direction because dna polymerase can only join nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing new strand. Answer: true Answer:

1) the genetics inherited by an individual will completely control their behavior. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) male birds often perform a special dance or set of physical displays to attract females. this would be an example of a behavioral isolation mechanism. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) the cylinders in this experiment represent a

1) which of the following stages occurs immediately after the development of the zygote? a. the development of the proembryo. b. the development of globular stage. c. the torpedo stage embryo forms. d. the heart stage when the cotyledon develops. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) mass extinctions a. have occurred at least 5 times in the earth's

1) in gymnosperms and angiosperms, seeds disperse the _________ stage of the life cycle and in mosses and ferns, spores disperse the ___________ stage of the life cycle. a. sporophyte; sporophyte b. gametophye; sporophyte c. sporophyte; gametophyte d. microsporocytes; megasporocytes Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) identify the correct sequence of events for the digestion of starch? a.

1) which of the following lists correctly traces the path of a sound vibration as it moves through the ear? a. auditory canal-tympanic membrane-malleus-incus-stapes-oval window-cochlea-cochlear nerve b. auditory canal-malleus-incus-stapes-tympanic membrane-oval window-cochlea-cochlear nerve c. auditory canal-tympanic membrane-malleus-incus-stapes-cochlea-oval window-cochlear nerve d. auditory canal-tympanic membrane-oval window-cochlea-malleus-incus-stapes-cochlear nerve e. auditory canal-malleus-incus-stapes-oval window-tympanic membrane-cochlea-cochlear nerve Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) the dna

1) in older, woody plants, the epidermis of the stem is replaced by a. trichomes. b. tracheids. c. collenchyma. d. periderm. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d 2) what consequences could arise if the field of bioinformatics ceased to exist as a field of study? a. progress in determining the function of dna sequences, making comparisons between our genome

1) in the near future, the human population is predicted to involve a. a worldwide decrease in population growth due to limited resources. b. an increase in population growth in all countries in the world. c. a decrease in growth in most, but not all, more-developed countries and continued growth in most less-developed

1) which of the following substrates are required to run cellular respiration? a. glucose & oxygen b. glucose & carbon dioxide c. sunlight & oxygen d. energy & glucose Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) trace the path of an inhaled air molecule in a human being. a. nasal cavity-glottis-larynx-trachea-pharynx-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli b. nasal cavity-pharynx-larynx-glottis-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli c. nasal cavity-pharynx-glottis-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli d. nasal cavity-pharynx-glottis-larynx-trachea-bronchioles-bronchi-alveoli e. nasal cavity-pharynx-glottis-trachea-larynx-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli Answer:

1) only one of the four daughter cells becomes a functional gamete in spermatogenesis. Answer: false Answer: false Answer: false 2) sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that attempts to preserve the environment while meeting the needs of humans in the present and future. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) entry of

1) essential plant nutrients include carbon, potassium, calcium, and nitrogen. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) the cephalochordates possess an atrium that is used to filter microscopic food particles out of the water. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 3) the cylinders in this experiment represent a 24-hour period. the light area represents light periods during a

1) which does not occur in telophase? a. cytokinesis is under way. b. the nuclear envelope is being reconstructed. c. the centromeres split apart. d. chromosomes de-condense into chromatin. e. the nucleolus reforms. incorrect Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c 2) which of the following reflect(s) the likely presence of (a) gene mutation(s)? a. fruit flies subjected to intense radiation produce

1) which of the following would result in reproductive isolation? a. two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features, but the females in each group only come to the different songs of their males. b. fruit flies on one hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact

1) when conditions are unfavorable, some gram positive bacteria form a. pili. b. endospores. c. galls. d. capsules. e. thylakoids. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b 2) if the ureter was blocked due to the development of a tumor preventing the normal flow of urine,which region of the kidney would be impacted first? a. collecting duct b. renal cortex c. distal convoluted

1) which european species is believed to have evolved from homo ergaster? a. homo heidelbergensis b. homo erectus c. homo floresiensis d. homo sapiens e. australopithecus africanus Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) which of the following statements concerning ribosomes are true? a. several ribosomes are often attached to and translating the same mrna. b. ribosomes join amino acids to

1) to determine the age of fairly recent fossils and organic artifacts, it is possible to analyze the amounts of the isotopes 14c and 14n, because over time the 14c-which originated in the atmosphere-breaks down into 14n. what net change occurred for this to happen? a. the 14c lost an electron. b. the

1) which of the following features is common among the roundworms as well as the arthropods? a. periodically shed their outer covering. b. radial symmetry. c. endoskeleton. d. undergo metamorphosis. e. segmentation is readily apparent. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a 2) fossils are considered to belong to the genus homo if which of the following is true? a. the

1) which organisms use negative pressure to move air into the lungs? a. ducks b. iguanas c. humans d. mice e. all of these use negative pressure to move air into their lungs. Answer: e Answer: e Answer: e 2) the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produces ______ atp from each nadh and/or _________ atp from each fadh2 entering

1) analysis of the nutrient content of phloem is performed on phloem sap that is made available when an aphid is cut away from its stylet. Answer: true Answer: true Answer: true 2) the cylinders in this experiment represent a 24-hour period. the light area represents light periods during a 24-hr. period and the