1) mammals are different from birds in all these characteristics except
a. hair.
b. mammary glands.
c. constant body temperature.
d. young born alive.
2) which muscle list of structures is correctly organized from large to small?
a. muscle, muscle cell, myofibril, sarcomeres, filaments
b. muscle, muscle fibers, sarcomeres, filaments, myofibrils
c. muscle, sarcolemma, myofibrils, actin filaments, myosin filaments
d. muscle cells, myofibrils, filaments, sarcoplasm
3) which group has the highest concentration of urea in their body fluids?
a. marine bony fishes
b. freshwater bony fishes
c. cartilaginous fishes
d. reptiles
e. birds
4) an early experiment by van helmont (1600s) describes how he “grew a tree in a large
pot and found that after five years, the amount of soil in the pot had not changed. he
concluded that the increase in weight was due to the addition of water.” at that time, the
compounds in the air had not yet been identified. today, you know that he only
discovered half the story. which additional experiment would provide evidence for the
rest of the story?
a. a very careful audit of the water taken in and lost by the tree would have revealed
only half the added weight gained by the tree.
b. carbon is discovered as a major element in trees and is lacking in water molecules.
c. radioactive carbon in co2 in the air is soon located as part of tree structures.
d. the critical experiment involves the conversion of nutrients in the soil.
e. all but the nutrient conversion is correct.
5) how do cholinesterase inhibitors improve the learning and memory of people who
are suffering from alzheimer’s disease?
a. cholinesterase inhibitors will increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain. this will
increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and memory.
b. cholinesterase inhibitors will decrease the levels of acetylcholine in the brain. this
will increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and
memory.
c. cholinesterase inhibitors will increase the levels of testosterone in the brain. this will
increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and memory.
d. cholinesterase inhibitors will decrease the levels of cerebral spinal fluidin the brain.
this will decrease neural pressure associated with the brain regions associated with
learning and memory.
6) when crossing a true-breeding red snapdragon flower with a true-breeding white
flower of the same species, we secure all pink offspring. this would seem to support the
pre-mendel view that inheritance is a blending of parental traits. however, mendel and
conventional wisdom agree that “blending” of parental traits is not correct and that
particles of inheritance are actually involved because
a. in the case of incomplete dominance, only radioactive isotope tracers can follow the
actual hereditary particles
b. under blending theory, over many generations only the average (or pink flowers)
would remain; there would be no way to get back to pure red and white
c. it is possible to cross the pink f-1 generation and secure a predictable proportion of
pure red and white flowers again, which is not accounted for under the blending theory
d. there is no way to directly prove incomplete dominance is not a case of blending, but
we can be sure of genes because of the other cases of dominance, etc., where genes are
the only logical explanation.
e. two of the above are true
7) chemoautotrophs oxidize which of the following to obtain the energy necessary to
reduce carbon dioxide to an organic compound?
a. hydrogen gas
b. hydrogen sulfide
c. ammonia
d. all of the above choices are correct.
e. hydrogen sulfide and ammonia only.
8) the major insect body parts are
a. head, cephalothorax, and abdomen.
b. cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen.
c. head, thorax, and abdomen.
d. head, prothorax, and metathorax.
e. head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.
9) approximately what % of the known biodiversity on earth is composed of plants?
a. 18 – 20%
b. 50 – 55%
c. 12- 15%
d. 63 – 67%
e. 6 – 8%
10) apoptosis
a. is programmed cell death.
b. is a process that acts to decrease the number of somatic cells.
c. frees the fingers and toes of the human embryo from their webbed’ structure to
independent structures.
d. all of the choices are correct.
11) unicellular prokaryotes
a. lack a membrane bounded nucleus
b. are classified in the domains bacteria and archaea
c. are found in almost all habitats
d. all of the choices are correct.
12) in the watson and crick model of dna, the ‘steps” of the ladder are composed of
a. sugars.
b. a purine and a pyrimidine.
c. two purines.
d. two pyrimidines.
e. a sugar and a phosphate molecule.
13) if there are 12,000kg in the base of an ecological pyramid, how many kg will be
found in the body tissue of the tertiary consumers?
a. 1200 kg
b. 120 kg
c. 12000 kg
d. 6000
e. 12
14) codons:
a. are triplets coding for a single amino acid.
b. are the alphabet of the genetic language.
c. each have only one meaning.
d. all of the choices are correct.
e. only two of the choices are true.
15) what gland, located in the brain, produces melatonin?
a. pancreas
b. pineal gland
c. adrenal gland
d. thyroid gland
e. pituitary
16) endergonic reactions:
a. release energy.
b. have a negative g and occur spontaneously.
c. can only occur if there is an input of energy.
d. have products with less free energy than the reactants.
e. all of the choices are correct.
17) fossils of prokaryotic cells are dated as far back as approximately _____ billion
years ago.
a. 1.5
b. 2.8
c. 3.8
d. 4.8
18) macarthur discovered that five species of warblers coexisted on spruce trees by
foraging on the same caterpillar, but in different places of the tree canopy. this is
a. an exception to the competitive exclusion principle.
b. an exception based on birds taking longer to eventually compete and eliminate
competitors.
c. confirmation that all warblers were actually variations of the same species because
different species couldn’t coexist.
d. an example of resource partitioning.