1) which of the following stages occurs immediately after the development of the
zygote?
a. the development of the proembryo.
b. the development of globular stage.
c. the torpedo stage embryo forms.
d. the heart stage when the cotyledon develops.
2) mass extinctions
a. have occurred at least 5 times in the earth’s history.
b. may have been due to climatic changes after meteorite collisions.
c. may have been due to changing environments caused by continental drift.
d. all of the choices are correct.
e. the earth has never experienced a mass extinction.
3) identify which features belong to homo habilis versus homo erectus.
1> first species to use tools a. homo habilis
2> older species b. homo habilis
3> fossils span between 1.9 and 0.3 mya c. homo habilis
4> scavengers rather than hunters d. homo erectus
4) which of the following statement(s) about the hydrologic cycle is (are) true?
a. because this is a true cycle, it is impossible to run out of fresh water for human use.
b. all water molecules that evaporate from the ocean precipitate on land and move by
gravity through groundwater to the ocean again.
c. some water evaporates from land and from plants.
d. once water sinks into the ground, it is safe from human exploitation or pollution until
it has rejoined the ocean.
e. all of the choices are true.
5) when and where did the first multicellular protists evolve?
a. africa / 2.3 bya
b. canada / 1.4 bya
c. middle east / 4.6 bya
d. asia / 3.2 bya
6) which of the following statements about the muscular system is not true?
a. the human muscular system contains three kinds of muscle tissue.
b. muscles work in antagonistic pairs across a joint.
c. muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
d. muscles can move a bone by pushing or pulling it as they contract.
e. tetanus and tone are features of normal muscle tissue.
incorrect
7) all of the following are specialized epidermal cells except
a. root hairs.
b. trichomes.
c. collenchyma.
d. guard cells.
8) which statement is not true about red blood cells?
a. they are biconcave disks that lack nuclei when mature.
b. their normal life span is about 120 days.
c. hemoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen loosely to transport it.
d. there are about 6 million red blood cells per cubic millimeter of whole blood.
e. they are mainly produced in the liver.
9) identify c’ as the _____
a. inner membrane
b. matrix
c. cristae
d. intermembrane space
e. outer membrane
incorrect
10) what type of tissue is bone and cartilage?
a. muscle tissue
b. nervous tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. connective tissue
11) how many elements are required to form a molecule?
a. at least 2
b. at least 3
c. at least 4
d. at least 5
e. only 1
12) at rest, the inside of the neuron is
a. negatively charged.
b. positively charged.
c. neutral, or equal to the exterior charge.
d. none of the choices are correct, since neurons are never at rest.
13) as many as 60% of people in malaria-infected regions of africa have the sickle-cell
allele, but only about 10% of the u.s. population of african ancestry carries the allele.
malaria remains a major disease in central africa but has not been a serious problem in
the u.s. for many generations. what is/are the reason(s) for the difference in the
percentages and what is a reasonable statement about future percentages?
a. the presence of malaria in africa maintains the advantage of the heterozygous
sickle-cell trait, and the prevalence of malaria will likely continue to preserve the 60%
rate.
b. the u. s. percentage may have always been somewhat lower due to immigration from
nonmalaria regions, but changes in sites and rates of immigration could occur.
c. lack of widespread malaria in the united states would have made both homozygous
and heterozygous carriers of sickle-cell undergo several generations of negative
selection, and we should expect this to continue unless innovative therapies give all
individuals an equal chance of surviving and reproducing.
d. all of the choices are reasonable.
14) which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is not true?
a. the autonomic nervous system regulates the activities of cardiac and smooth muscle
and glands.
b. the sympathetic nervous system deals with “fight-or-flight” responses.
c. the functions of the autonomic system are generally involuntary and subconscious.
d. the parasympathetic nervous system promotes actions associated with relaxation.
e. the neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic system is norepinephrine.
15) cytokinines
a. are soluble proteins that act as signaling molecules to stimulate white blood cells.
b. are secreted by macrophages to stimulate the replication of cancer cells.
c. repel neutrophils from the site of infection.
d. inhibit production of t and b cells.
16) with both bacterial and eukaryotic cells constantly dying and breaking down around
us, and with a tremendous load of fragmentary dna washing around in the fluid world,
why aren’t genes being transferred among various living organisms at a massive scale
daily?
a. dna that is not protected inside a protein coat or membrane is very vulnerable.
b. living cells maintain a very effective barrier to the introduction of large molecules.
c. since a vector appears necessary to snatch up dna from one protected source and
inject it into a cell, “naked” dna is apparently vulnerable and unable to cross membranes
easily.
d. all of the choices are correct.
e. none of the choices are correct, since dna is readily exchanged among all organisms
in nature.
17) which of the following is not part of mendel’s law of segregation?
a. each individual has two factors for each trait.
b. the factors segregate during meiosis.
c. each gamete will contain two factors for a trait.
d. fertilization gives the offspring two factors for each trait.
incorrect