1) with negative pressure breathing, the muscles that move the ribs and diaphragm are
distant from the absorptive alveolar surfaces. what difficulty(ies) could occur if the
muscles were around each alveolus and had to expand each alveolus to suck in air?
a. muscle tissue would get in the way of absorption of gases across the air-to-capillary
border.
b. interspersed muscle tissue would take up much space and the lung-muscle volume
would have to be much larger.
c. since muscle cells only contract and relax, it would be difficult for a few cells to
cause alveolar expansion.
d. adding a third tissue to the intimate alveolar-capillary complex would increase the
problems with disorders and diseases.
e. all of the choices are correct.
2) ______ make up more than half the volume of the brain.
a. neurons
b. neuroglia
c. nerves
d. intercalated disks
e. hyaline cartilage
3) one of chargaff’s rules states that
a. a + g = t + c.
b. a = c, t = g.
c. a = g, t = c.
d. a + t = g + c.
4) a(n) _______ consists of all the populations of multiple species interacting in a
designated region.
a. ecosystem
b. community
c. biosphere
d. none of the choices are correct.
5) which of the following preservation tactics would have the greatest impact on saving
the largest number of species?
a. preserve a large tract of land that contains source populations of keystone species.
b. preserve several small tracts of land that contain source populations of keystone
species.
c. preserve a large tract of land that contains sink populations of keystone species.
d. preserve a large tract of land that contains source populations of flagship species.
e. preserve multiple small tracts of land that each contain source populations of
keystone species.
6) if a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium,
which of the following would occur?
a. nothing. the plant would be fine in either aquarium.
b. the plant’s cells would take on ions.
c. the plant’s cells would take on water and will lyse.
d. the plant’s cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur.
7) the functional units of the nervous system are
a. neuromodulators.
b. nerve nets.
c. neuroglia.
d. neurons.
8) common colds are upper respiratory tract infections. why are vaccinations against the
common cold not practical?
a. there are so many different strains of viruses that cause colds it would be impossible
to develop a vaccine against all of them.
b. vaccines are very costly to develop.
c. vaccines would not work against the common cold because it is caused by a bacterial
infection.
d. colds are caused by viruses that cannot be prevented by vaccinations.
e. vaccinations do not work in the upper respiratory tract.
9) pavlov’s well known experiment of a dog salivating at the sound of a bell ring is an
example of
a. imprinting.
b. operant conditioning.
c. classical conditioning.
d. insight learning.
10) benign positional vertigo is due to
a. the formation of particles in the semicircular canal. these particleswill stimulate the
steroeocilia producing a sensation of movement when there is actually no movement.
b. the formation of particles in the semicircular canal resulting in an inner ear infection.
c. the formation of particles in the cochlea. these particleswill stimulate the steroeocilia
producing a sensation of movement when there is actually no movement.
d. the formation of particles in the malleus. these particles will stimulate the steroeocilia
producing a sensation of movement when there is actually no movement.
e. the calcification of the malleus producing a decrease in the conduction of sound.
11) the birth of a baby and milk production are synchronized. babies can be born
several months prematurely, and milk production is needed immediately after birth.
how has the human body evolved to coordinate this delicate timing of events?
a. the ovaries signal the rest of the body tissues by varying the level of estrogen.
b. conscious awareness of the arrival of a baby triggers the mother’s hypothalamus to
secrete prolactin.
c. the hypothalamus and pituitary that triggered the female reproductive cycle also
schedule milk production on a nine-month clock basis.
d. adh produced by the baby passes through the placenta and, added to the mother’s adh,
builds up her milk production relative to the size of the fetus.
e. oxytocin causes both the uterus to contract in labor and the release of milk from
mammary glands, which is reinforced by prolactin from the pituitary.
12) several species of caribbean anoline lizards have evolved from a single ancestral
species. the species occupy a wide variety of ecological niches, such as tree trunks and
the ground, or tree trunks only, or tree trunks and the crown of trees, etc. this type of
allopatric speciation is called
a. adaptive radiation.
b. alloploidy.
c. autoploidy.
d. hybridization.
13) which variable is not a density-dependent factor?
a. competition between two male deer for territory.
b. a red tailed hawk preying upon a population of field mice.
c. small pox outbreaks during the1800’s.
d. an early cold spell that causes the plants in a given area to die off earlier than normal.
14) all of the following statements are true about seed germination except
a. all seeds require a period of dormancy before germinating.
b. in the temperate region, seeds often require a period of cold weather before
dormancy is broken.
c. fleshy fruits contain inhibitors of germination.
d. some seeds require fire or bacterial action before germination can occur.
15) which statement is not true about how various conditions will effect the activity of
an enzyme?
a. higher temperatures generally increase the activity of an enzyme up to a point.
b. above a certain range of temperatures, the protein of an enzyme is denatured.
c. a change in ph can cause an enzyme to be inactivated.
d. an enzyme’s activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration.
e. when sufficient substrate is available, the active site will nearly always be occupied.
16) trace the correct path of the sperm during ejaculation.
a. urethra, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, testes
b. testes, urethra, vas deferens, penis
c. seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra
d. seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, epididymis, urethra
e. vas deferens, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, urethra
17) the peripheral nervous system consists of
a. nerves in the entire nervous system.
b. ganglia.
c. nerves and ganglia that lie outside the cns.
d. the brain and spinal cord.
e. the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
18) from what you currently know, in a spacecraft at a point of weightlessness, which
effect is most likely?
a. rotational equilibrium would be lacking and you could not detect head movement.
b. gravitational equilibrium would be altered since the otoliths would not be pulled
down by gravity.
c. without gravity, there would be no vertigo.
d. all balance systems would work similar to being on earth with normal gravity.
e. there would be absolutely no sense of balance signals without gravity.
19) conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except
a. biodiversity is desirable for the biosphere and humans.
b. all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans.
c. biodiversity has value in and of itself regardless of any practical human benefits.
d. extinctions due to human actions are undesirable.
e. the complex interactions of ecosystems support biodiversity and are desirable.