1) analysis of the nutrient content of phloem is performed on phloem sap that is made
available when an aphid is cut away from its stylet.
2)
the cylinders in this experiment represent a 24-hour period. the light area represents
light periods during a 24-hr. period and the dark area represents dark periods during a
24-hr. period. the critical length of dark vs. light periods for flowering is depicted by the
dotted line. note that some plants are flowering and some are not flowering.
if a plant is placed on its side, cells on the lower side of the stem will respond to gravity
and elongate, making the stem turn so that it continues to grow downward.
3) all primates have thumbs, but only old world monkeys, great apes, and humans have
truly opposable thumbs.
4) water molds are heterotrophic because they are parasitic on fish, plants, and insects.
5) domain archaea is the only domain in which the organisms lack membrane bound
organelles.
6) as the earth moves from the summer solstice towards the vernal equinox the
equatorial regions of the earth will be in direct alignment with the sun.
7) during operant conditioning the stimulus-response connection is weakened by
repeated punishment.
8) animals must continually acquire oxygen and release carbon dioxide because they do
not have a storage area for gases.
9) humans have an exaggerated impact on the ecosystem through their use of extra
sources of energy and raw materials, and the production of extra wastes that must be
handled.
10) new data about rrna led to the three domain system of classification.
11) if an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait, the gametes that individual
produces will contain 3/4 dominant and 1/4 recessive alleles.
12) the amnion surrounds the embryo and bathes it in a protective fluid.
13) all of the following statements about the cohesion-tension model are true except
a. there is no expenditure of energy.
b. it is a model of how water and minerals are transported in xylem.
c. it is dependent on the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.
d. tension created by transpiration in the leaves pulls water along the phloem from the
roots hairs to the leaves.
14) members of the ancestral salamander species live in northern california. as they
migrate southward, populations are separated by the central valley. with limited contact
between populations on the east and west of the valley, genetic differences accumulate.
what type of speciation occurs under these conditions?
a. sympatric speciation
b. allopatric speciation
c. both sympatric and allopatric speciation
d. neither sympatric or allopatric
15) which of the following functions is not a function of the human skeletal system?
a. protects internal organs
b. acts as a storage site for calcium and phosphorus ions
c. acts as the site of blood cell production in adults
d. acts as a structure against which muscles can contract
e. provides the atp for muscles to use in contraction
16) all of these are considered carcinogens except
a. cigarette smoke.
b. ultraviolet light.
c. cabbage and related vegetables.
d. acrylamide, a natural product found in french fries.
e. mold produced aflatoxin.
17) which of the following particles are retained by clay soil and exchanged for
hydrogen ions when plants take them up?
a. calcium & potassium
b. calcium & ammonium
c. sodium & sulphur
d. iron & boron
e. calcium & copper
18) adaptive behavior has probably been selected by evolutionary processes because it
a. makes the animal the smartest.
b. allows the animal to live the longest.
c. allows the animal to live in the widest variety of environments.
d. allows the animal to produce the largest number of viable offspring.
e. all of the choices are correct.
19) a population in which death rates are higher than birth rates, and the
prereproductive group is smaller than the reproductive group, is best represented by an
age structure diagram with a(n) ______ -shape.
a. bell
b. urn
c. pyramid
d. s
e. j
20) the metabolic pathway at right involves how many possible chemical reactions?
a. five
b. six
c. one
d. three
21) if a woman is a carrier for the color-blind recessive allele and her husband is
normal, what are their chances that a son will be color-blind?
a. none since the father is normal.
b. 50% since the mother is the only carrier.
c. 100% because the mother has the gene.
d. 25% because the mother is a hybrid.
e. none since he will also be just a carrier.
22) which of the followingfeatures are found in invertebrates that enable them to
exchange nutrients and gases without the use of a circulatory system?
a. trilobed gastrovascular cavity
b. coelomic fluid within the body cavity
c. exposure of the cells to the external or internal environment
d. all of these features enable invertebrates to exchange gases and nutrients without a
circulatory system.
23) hutton’s theory of geological change included all except
a. catastrophic extinction of species.
b. slow cycles of erosion and uplift.
c. production of layers of sediment through slow deposition.
d. extreme geological change occurring over a long period of time.
24) development of the human embryo’s heart begins in the ____ week.
a. 16th
b. 3rd
c. 1st
d. 24th
e. 6th
25) which benefit did the lycophytes derive from their evolution of megaphylls?
a. an increased ability to capture more solar energy.
b. increased ability to produce greater stores of food.
c. their fitness would have increased due to a greater ability to photosynthesize.
d. all of the above are benefits they would have received.
e. they would not have received any of these benefits.
26) which statement is not true about a protocell?
a. it would have contained dna as its genetic material.
b. it would have been present before the development of a true cell.
c. it would have had a lipid and protein membrane forming the outer layer.
d. it would have contained a biochemical pathway for energy metabolism.
e. it might have been like a coacervate droplet in which a semipermeable boundary
allows some materials to be absorbed from the surrounding environment.
27) which feature has to be present in a protist in order to classify it as a
photoautotroph?
a. the presence of mitochondria within the cell.
b. the ability to synthesize organic compounds.
c. the presence of a light trapping pigment.
d. the presence of cellulose in the cell wall.
e. the ability to synthesize inorganic compounds.
28) nephridia are the paired structures used in excretion in
a. earthworms.
b. insects.
c. humans.
d. planarians.
29) explain how mitochondrial dna studies of africans and europeans support the
replacement model for the evolution of modern humans.
a. a fossil must have an anatomy consistent with standing erect and bipedalism.
b. the individual would have a broader pelvis and hip joint to prevent swaying when
walking.
c. the individual would have an arch instead of an opposable toe.
d. all of the choices are qualifications.