1) approximately what percentage of the energy in one trophic level is incorporated into
the next trophic level?
a. 1%
b. 10%
c. 30%
d. 60%
e. 100%
2) a typical leaf is composed of multiple layers of specialized cells. what is the correct
order of layers starting on the upper surface of the leaf and progressing to the lower
surface?
a. cuticle – epidermis – palisade mesophyll – spongy mesophyll- epidermis – cuticle
b. cuticle – epidermis – palisade mesophyll – epidermis – spongy mesophyll – cuticle
c. epidermis – cuticle – epidermis – palisade mesophyll – epidermis – spongy mesophyll
d. palisade mesophyll – cuticle – epidermis – epidermis – spongy mesophyll – cuticle
3) a line of evidence not considered by darwin in his development of the theory of
natural selection is
a. comparative anatomy.
b. biogeography.
c. the fossil record.
d. comparative biochemistry.
4) which process produces both nadh and fadh2?
a. the citric acid cycle
b. glycolysis
c. the electron transport system
d. fermentation
e. the preparatory reaction
5) which cellular organelle is the most prominent?
a. nucleus
b. nucleolus
c. lysosome
d. mitochondria
6) a 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. the thistle tube is placed in a
beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. there is a differentially permeable
membrane across the broad end of the tube, which is permeable to water but not to the
sugar glucose. as diffusion occurs:
a. the 10% solution will become more concentrated and the 5% solution will become
less concentrated.
b. both solutions will become more concentrated.
c. the 10% solution will become less concentrated and the 5% solution will become
more concentrated.
d both solutions will become less concentrated.
7) which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is not true?
a. squamous epithelium is composed of flattened cells.
b. columnar epithelium is cube-shaped with the nucleus near the upper surface of the
cells.
c. simple epithelia have only a single layer of cells.
d. pseudostratified epithelium looks like it has multiple layers, but all the cells are
attached to the basement membrane.
e. epithelium lining the respiratory tract contains cilia that move particles along its
surface.
8) if the mutation rate of individual genes is taken to be about one in 100,000 genes per
cell cycle across many organisms, we might expect evolution to proceed at a consistent
rate for various forms of life. which factor could make the accumulation of gene
mutations faster or slower among different organisms?
a. organisms with more genes will likely have more mutations per generation.
b. more selection of mutations can occur in a shorter period of time for bacteria that
replicate each twenty minutes than for humans with a (roughly) 20-year generation
span.
c. organisms vary in the proportion of dna that is active and in the percent of loci that
have multiple alleles.
d. all of the choices are correct.
9) when you have waxed your car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on
the hood. this property of the water molecule is known as
a. adhesion.
b. turgor pressure.
c. cohesion.
d. transpiration.
e. negative pressure potential.
10) computer simulations are sometimes used to demonstrate the outcome of
monohybrid fruit fly crosses, where a student can run generation after generation of
fruit flies with 100 offspring produced each generation, half male and half female, and a
3-to-1 phenotype ratio (or 75 to 25) in the f1 generation. compared with real genetics
results,
a. rarely would exactly 100 fly offspring be produced or survive.
b. an exact balance between males and females would be rare.
c. a precise 3-to-1 ratio would be uncommon.
d. all of the choices are true.
11) which of the following list of features describes the molluscs and bivalves but not
the annelids?
a. lack of cephalization, contain a muscular foot and a mantle, may posses a hard outer
shell and have a complete digestive system.
b. presence of cephalization, contain a muscular foot and a mantle, may posses a hard
outer shell and have a complete digestive system.
c. lack of cephalization, contains circular muscles that enable them to move, may
posses a hard outer shell and have a complete digestive system.
d. lack of cephalization, every member of the group will have a hard outer shell as well
as a complete digestive system.
e. none of these lists describes the molluscs and bivalves but not the annelids.
12) what structures enable the vesicles from the golgi apparatus to fuse with the cell
membrane?
a. membrane-associated proteins
b. phospholipids
c. cholesterol molecules within the cell membrane
d. secretory vesicles that engulf the golgi apparatus will allow the vesicles to fuse
13) what type of tissue is responsible for contractions that account for movements of
organs or the entire body?
a. muscle tissue
b. nervous tissue
c. epithelial tissue
d. connective tissue
14) if all of the endangered species in the united states were to go extinct the earth’s
biodiversity would decrease by _________.
a. approximately .007%
b. approximately 2.3%
c. approximately 10%
d. approximately 3.4%
e. approximately 16.2%
15) the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is monitored by nerve tissue. if you exercise
strenuously, the increase in cellular respiration consumes oxygen from the blood and
produces surplus carbon dioxide removed in the blood. since this physical exertion
requires faster breathing to replenish oxygen supplies and carry away carbon dioxide,
the carbon dioxide sensors result in signals from the brain to increase breathing rate.
after you have rested, and carbon dioxide levels are back to normal, your breathing rate
decreases too. this is an example of
a. a response to a sensory impulse that causes a muscle or gland to react.
b. a negative feedback loop that stimulates a response similar to the stimulus.
c. a positive feedback loop that stimulates a response opposite to the stimulus.
d. the dynamic interplay between events that tend to change the internal environment
and events that tend to keep it the same.
e. the dynamic interplay between events that tend to change the internal environment
and events that tend to increase the changes.