1) match the terms in the word bank with the labeled structures on the diagram. briefly
define the function of each structure: axon, nucleus, cell body, dendrite, myelin sheath.
1> b – cell body a. the part of a neuron that sends signals toward the cell body
2> e – axon b. the part of a neuron that contains the major concentration of the
cytoplasm and the nucleus.
3> d – myelin sheath c. a membrane bound organelle within a neuron that contains
chromosomes and controls the structure and function of the cell.
4> c – nucleus d. white, fatty material that forms a covering over nerve fibers.
5> a – dendrite e. elongated portion of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from
the cell body.
2) nucleotides contain all of the following except:
a. a phosphate group
b. a 5 – carbon sugar
c. a nitrogen base
d. histones
e. a phosphate and a nitrogen base
3) once members of a species are geographically isolated, what factors may cause them
to differ from each other over time?
a. natural selection
b. genetic drift
c. new mutations
d. natural selection and genetic drift but not new mutations.
e. all of the above are correct.
4) which of the following biomes is characterized by little rainfall, permafrost, and an
average temperature below 0c?
a. grasslands
b. tundra
c. desert
d. taiga
e. temperate deciduous forest
5) while science is not yet able to describe the phenomenon of “thinking” in physical
terms, we can be certain that it is a process involving the metabolism of brain cells.
with positron emission tomography (pet scan) it is possible to inject short-lived isotopes
and image the regions of the brain that have the most active metabolism during various
mental activities. for different mental functions, different regions and amounts of nerve
cells become active. however,
a. the cellular energy expended in “thinking” must be less than the chemical bond
energy supplied in food to these brain cells.
b. “thought” cannot be linked to cell processes because energy is not related to matter.
c. since thoughts can occur over and over, the requirement for a continual input of
energy to prevent entropy does not apply to this cell activity.
d. “thinking” is beyond the scope of science to study.
6) which of the following is (are) correct in a predator-prey cycle?
a. a decline in the numbers of predators causes a decline in the number of prey.
b. a decline in the numbers of prey causes a decline in the number of predators.
c. an increase in the number of predators triggers an increase in the numbers of prey.
d. all of these are correct, causing an up-and-down cycle for each animal.
7) place the following steps in cloning dna in the correct order
1 – use vector to deliver new rdna to bacterial or other cells
2 – use restriction enzymes to cut a plasmid and add the desired gene
3 – isolate and cut out a desired gene using restriction enzymes
4 – use dna ligase to seal the new gene
5 – allow bacterial cells to replicate and produce desired product
a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b. 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
c. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4
d. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
8) which of the following features are present at the ecosystem level?
a. chemical cycling through the food chain
b. energy flow that begins at the producer level
c. input of solar energy
d. complex interactions between a variety of populations
e. all are features of an ecosystem
9) while we have seen how natural selection and the use of pesticides can lead to the
development of resistant varieties of insects, two economically important flies, the
mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) and the screwworm fly, can be driven to local
extinction by the continuous release of sterile flies of those species. the critical factor is
that the female of these species only mates once. but which of the following is/are also
necessary for sterile release to work?
a. the target species is truly just one species.
b. the insect can be raised artificially in large numbers.
c. the insects to be released can be sterilized with radiation without affecting their
ability to attract a mate in the wild.
d. all of the choices are correct.
10) most salamanders practice internal fertilization
a. using spermatophores.
b. externally in water.
c. internally by copulation.
d. just like frogs.
11) study the life cycle diagram. label a is the ________ life cycle.
a. lysogenic
b. sexual
c. lytic
d. alternation of generations
12) which type of cellular process will most likely be used by an amoeba in order to
obtain food?
a. phagocytosis
b. pinocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. receptor-mediated endocytosis
13) which type of molecule will require some amount of energy to cross the cell
membrane?
a. glycerol
b. polar
c. non-polar molecules
d. carbon dioxide
e. oxygen
14) which does not occur in meiosis?
a. two daughter cells at completion
b. four daughter cells at completion
c. two nuclear divisions
d. formation of bivalents
15) what is the function of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering?
a. cut dna into many fragments
b. carry dna into a new cell
c. link together newly joined fragments of dna
d. make millions of copies of a specific segment of dna
e. separate fragments of dna by their length and electrical charges
16) which of the following forms of energy was not involved in the production of large
organic molecules in the primitive reducing atmosphere?
a. radioactivity
b. electrical energy
c. heat
d. radiation from the sun
e. sound
17) the carbon needed to build organic compounds in plants comes from _______,
while the hydrogen and oxygen comes from _________.
a. oxygen in the atmosphere; hydrogen peroxide
b. carbon dioxide; water
c. carbohydrates; hydrogen and oxygen gasses in the atmosphere
d. glucose; hydrochloric acid
18) apoptosis refers to cell death and
a. is always biologically detrimental to an organism.
b. is merely the accumulation of genetic errors.
c. is any failure of the genetic machinery to work properly.
d. is a failure in the translation or transcription mechanism.
e. can be programmed and is essential to normal development.
19) dr. james isolated staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria, from the leg wound of
a ten year old boy. he suspected these bacteria would grow better at body temperature
than room temperature (72f), but thought that he should collect data to support his
thinking. dr. james introduced the same number of staphylococcus bacteria into each of
six test tubes containing the same type and amount of nutrient broth. three test tubes
were incubated at 98.6f (group 1), while three test tubes (group 2) sat at 72f. after 24
hours, dr. james compared the turbidity (indicative of growth) of all six tubes and rated
each on a scale of 0 – 4. 0 indicates no turbidity (no growth), while 4 indicates high
turbidity (high growth). the following data was collected:
to ensure a controlled experiment all of the following conditions (variables) should be
identical in group 1 and group 2:
a. type of bacteria, temperature, and incubation period
b. temperature and amount of initial inoculum (bacteria used)
c. type of bacteria, incubation period, amount of bacteria used
d. degree of turbidity, incubation period, and amount of bacteria
20) a research article indicates that researchers have used an isotope 3h to trace a
certain metabolic process. from the symbol that is given, we know this is a hydrogen
isotope with
a. three protons.
b. three neutrons.
c. three electrons.
d. one proton and two neutrons.
e. two protons and one neutron.