1) gene mutation occurs at any time, without respect to the mutation’s adaptive value or
benefit to the organism.
2) plants that conduct c-4 metabolism are desert plants.
3) scientists estimate that at least 50-60% of all species now living will most likely
become extinct in the next 20-50 years unless planned, coordinated action takes place.
4) all capillary beds have blood running to them at all times.
5) the mrna strand includes both introns and exons.
6) a lichen is a symbiotic relationship between cyanobacteria and fungi.
7) a facultative anaerobe is an organism that can metabolize effectively in the presence
or absence of oxygen.
8) an allele becomes the most common allele in a population by becoming the dominant
allele.
9)
the cylinders in this experiment represent a 24-hour period. the light area represents
light periods during a 24-hr. period and the dark area represents dark periods during a
24-hr. period. the critical length of dark vs. light periods for flowering is depicted by the
dotted line. note that some plants are flowering and some are not flowering.
cyanogenic glycosides are secondary metabolites that are used as medicines for people.
10) which of the following molecules are believed to have been absent from the
primitive reducing atmosphere?
a. water vapor (h2o)
b. carbon dioxide (co2)
c. hydrogen (h2)
d. oxygen (o2)
e. nitrogen (n2)
11) this system of chemicals, , act as a buffer in the blood. if
hydrogen ions are added to blood which of the following reactions would occur?
a.
b.
12) which portion of the plant life cycle is haploid?
a. gametophyte
b. sporophyte
c. both sporophyte and gametophyte are haploid
d. zygote
13) the ciliary muscle
a. is extremely sensitive to light and responsible for night vision.
b. is the part of the eye that contains rods, cones, and bipolar cells.
c. controls the shape of the lens to maintain a clear image of focus at various distances.
d. is the part of the inner ear that recognizes rotational equilibrium.
e. is the internal part of the cochlea with hair cells that are stimulated by sound waves.
14) which digestive enzyme is produced in the pancreas and is responsible for the
breakdown of protein into peptides?
a. trypsin
b. maltase
c. peptidase
d. pancreatic amylase
15) consider the following food chain: hawk – rabbit – clover. each species will contain
a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories, rabbit: 500 and hawk:
1200). each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight, rabbit:
100 calories, hawk: 300).
how many clover plants, per day,does it take to support one hawk?
a. approximately 600 clover plants
b. approximately 30 clover plants
c. approximately 60 clover plants
d. approximately 3 clover plants
e. none, clover plants do not support hawks.
16) the evolutionary species concept involves the identification of certain structural
traits, called _______, to distinguish one species from another.
a. analogous traits
b. homologous traits
c. diagnostic traits
d. convergent traits
17) generally, complex organisms do require more genes to control their synthesis and
organization than do primitive organisms. however, the numbers of chromosomes vary
from ants with 2, molds with 8-14, humans with 46, potatoes with 100 and the crayfish
with 200! some birds and insects have chromosomes that dwindle in size into obscurity,
so it is not possible to establish a diploid number. how do you explain this situation?
a. there must be no relationship between amount of genetic information and complexity
of the organism.
b. the number of genes per chromosome may vary among organisms, preventing a
simple relationship between chromosome number and complexity.
c. birds and insects probably cannot follow the same mitotic laws as other organisms.
d. all of the choices are correct.
18) when previous adaptations in a species are no longer useful in a changed
environment,
a. selection of a different form occurs.
b. artificial selection is witnessed.
c. fitness is observed.
d. all of the choices are correct.
19) ______ is said to occur when a similar trait evolves in two unrelated species while
______ is when a species evolves in response to another species.
a. convergent evolution, coevolution
b. coevolution, convergent evolution
c. sympatric speciation, coevolution
d. allopatric speciation, convergent evolution
20) the lophotrochozoans can be divided into two groups, which include
a. the protostomes and the deuterostomes.
b. the comb jellies and the cnidarians.
c. those that reproduce sexually and those that reproduce asexually.
d. the lophophorates and the trochozoans.
21) the cell formed through fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a/an
a. gamete.
b. sperm cell.
c. zygote.
d. egg cell.
e. ovum.
22) the phenomenon of apoptosis or cell death, as it relates to morphogenesis in
drosphila melanogaster,
a. is a mechanism present in every cell that occurs when an inhibitory protein is
inactivated.
b. occurs when the cellular machinery simply wears out and the cell dies from being
unable to continue vital processes.
c. occurs when the ability of the cell to repair dna mutations finally fails.
d. is a disease phenomenon and cell death is always a bad trait.
e. is not yet understood but probably involves the failure of the homeobox to correctly
control development.
23) in small aquatic animals, such as hydra and planarians, the most common structure
used for gas exchange is the
a. lungs.
b. body surface.
c. gills.
d. cardiovascular system.
24) in the human male, sperm cells are produced in the ____ and are suported by the
________.
a. interstitial tissue; cervix
b. urethra; uterus
c. seminiferous tubules; sertoli cells
d. vas deferens; endometrium
e. seminal vesicles; oviduct
25) the vessels in our circulatory system that allow molecules to diffuse across to
tissues are
a. arteries.
b. veins.
c. capillaries.
d. lymph vessels.
e. venules.
26) what happens if an insect is sprayed with a common insecticide that destroys the
ability of acetylcholinesterase to recycle acetylcholine?
a. the lack of recycled acetylcholine brings cell metabolism to a halt.
b. the insect loses control of body functions as nerve impulses flow continuously.
c. this prevents the synapse from restoring its ability to “reset” itself for the next
impulse.
d. all of the above are correct.
e. the synapse is prevented from restoring its ability to “reset” itself for the next impulse
and the insect loses control of body functions as nerve impulses flow continuously.
27) which of the following labels is incorrectly identified.
a. a refers to the products.
b. b refers to the substrate-enzyme complex.
c. c refers to the reactants.
d. d refers to the product.
28) because of the tooth structure and diet, which of the following would be classified
as a carnivore?
a. human
b. rat
c. dolphin
d. raccoon
e. brown bear
29) who was the author of the book principles of geology? the book presented
arguments to support a theory of geological change, proposing that the earth was
subject to slow but continuous erosion and uplift?
a. leclerc
b. lamarck
c. cuvier
d. lyell