1) the early explorers used sailing ships, which were blown by the major winds;
therefore, columbus and other sailors generally traveled from europe to north america
by the mid-latitude westerlies, and returned to europe by the southern easterlies near the
equator.
2) immediately becomes a six-carbon sugar that is the base for starch, sucrose,
cellulose, etc.
3) the polymerase chain reaction uses rna polymerase.
4) which of the following protein is correctly matched with its function?
a. hemoglobin is found within the red blood cells
b. myosin is found within the ligaments
c. actin is found within the tendons
d. collagen is found within the muscle cells
e. hemoglobin is found within the cell membrane
5) what part of the blastocyst will develop into the human embryo and eventually into a
fetus?
a. archenteron
b. blastopore
c. chorion
d. trophoblast
e. inner cell mass
6) below the skin are ‘stem cells” that divide, with some cells continuing the stem cell
line and others being pushed toward the surface to flatten and die and be sloughed off.
in the bone marrow other stem cells produce erythrocytes that lose their nucleus and
function for a few months in the bloodstream before they too die. such “dead end” cells
that reproduce no further
a. leave the cell cycle in a g0 phase, which immediately follows telophase.
b. leave the cell cycle in a g3 phase, which immediately follows g2.
c. halt in the midst of the s phase.
d. continually cycle but simply fail to go through cytokinesis.
e. reverse from g2 to g1.
7) present experimental evidence related to griffith’s experiment and the identification
of the cell’s genetic material.
when experimenting with streptococcus pneumoniae in the 1920’s, griffith noticed that
some colonies were shiny and smooth and some were rough in appearance. he called
the shiny colonies, the s strain’ and the rough colonies, the r’ strain. when griffith
injected mice with the s strain, which he discovered were encapsulated, they died. when
he injected them with the r strain, they did not die. in trying to determine what factor
was responsible for the s strain’s virulence, griffith heat-killed the s bacteria to destroy
the capsule. when he injected mice with the normally fatal s strain bacteria that had
been heat-killed, they did not die. however, if the heat-killed s strain bacteria were
mixed with harmless live r strain bacteria of the same species and injected, the mice did
die. surprisingly, living s strain bacteria were recovered from the bodies of the mice.
griffith concluded that some substance from the dead s strain bacteria passed to the r
strain bacteria, imparting virulence and the ability to form a capsule. avery and others
continued the search for the substance that “transformed” the r strain into the s strain.
hypothesis i: genetic material or “transforming substance” is protein.
hypothesis ii: genetic material or “transforming substance” is rna.
hypothesis iii: genetic material or “transforming substance” is dna.
in an experiment, neither heat-killed r strain nor heat-killed s strain can kill the mice.
this finding:
a. supports hypothesis i
b. supports hypothesis ii
c. supports hypothesis iii
d. rejects hypothesis i only.
e. rejects hypothesis ii only.
f. rejects hypothesis iii only.g. does not support or provide information to reject any of
these hypotheses.
8) over the course of millions of years various environments have changed. as
grasslands slowly took the place of forests the inhabitants were forced to adapt or they
went extinct. during this time period the horse evolved from a small cat sized creature
to the size of the modern horses we see today. this is an example of which type of
natural selection?
a. directional
b. disruptive
c. stabilizing
d. the horse did not undergo any type of natural selection during the course of its
evolution.
e. the horse has not been on the earth for millions of years.
9) the structure in the eye that is similar to a camera diaphragm, regulating the size of
the opening for light is the
a. pupil.
b. retina.
c. iris.
d. ciliary muscle.
e. lens.
10) which statement is true about the plasma membrane?
a. the proteins make up the matrix of the membrane.
b. the model can be likened to a sandwich where phospholipids are like the bread and
proteins are like the filling.
c. the fluid nature of the membrane is regulated by flip-flopping of the phospholipids
from one side of the membrane to the other.
d. the movement of proteins and phospholipids can occur sideways within the plane of
the membrane.
incorrect
11) the blood buffer reactions described by h2co3 h+ + hco3- indicates
that
a. scientists are uncertain which direction the equation flows.
b. the reaction can flow either direction depending on whether there is an excess of
hydrogen or hydroxide ions.
c. any reaction in one direction causes an immediate reverse reaction.
d. chemicals can swing wildly from acid to basic.
e. there is really no difference in chemistry whether a molecule is formed or dissociated.
12) dna was shown to be the transforming substance when only the ______ enzymes
could inhibit transformation.
a. proteinase
b. rnaase
c. dnaase
d. lipase
13) the duckbill platypus is different than most mammals because it
a. lacks hair.
b. is “cold-blooded.”
c. doesn’t secrete milk.
d. doesn’t give birth, but lays eggs.
e. all of the choices are correct.
14) pollen grains are formed in _________ and ova are formed in ____________.
a. pistil; stamens
b. sepals; calyx
c. receptacles; peduncles
d. petals; corolla
e. stamens; carpels