1) choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to exclusive.
a. domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species
b. kingdom-domain-class-phylum-order-family-genus-species
c. kingdom-domain-class-phylum-order-genus-species-family
d. kingdom-class-phylum-domain-genus-order-family-species
2) which of the following definitions best describes the role of pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (pamp’s)?
a. pamp’s are molecules on a pathogen that can be recognized by the host organisms
immune system.
b. pamp’s are molecules on a host cell that can be recognized by the pathogen’s attack
system.
c. pamp’s are molecules on the host immune system that cause it to attack itself as in
autoimmune disorders.
d. pamp’s are molecules on a pathogen that can be recognized by other pathogens so
they can exchange genetic material with each other.
3) some parasites and disease agents regularly change their identity before our immune
system can build up substantial antibodies. how could cells change their chemical
identity on a regular basis?
a. rapid evolution produces mutations.
b. a new phospholipid bilayer is generated to replace the old layer.
c. because the membrane is ‘set,” the cell must reproduce and then the cell with the old
membrane must die.
d. cells eliminate all surface proteins and present only a naked lipid bilayer.
e. different glycolipids and glycoproteins are produced internally and moved into the
plasma membrane.
4) identify the correct order of events for a person who has contracted an hiv infection.
a. the immune system reduces the virus levels in the blood.
b. hiv infected cells proliferate, increasing the number of infected helper t cells.
c. patient experiences mild flu-like symptoms.
d. a deficiency in the number of helper t cells causes the patient to develop additional
health problems.
e. the blood contains a high amount of the virus.
f. the virus mutates so it is not recognizable by the immune system.
a. e – c – a – b – f – d
b. d – c – a – b – f – e
c. e – c – b – a – f – d
d. e – a – b – c – f – d
e. d – e – c – a – b – f
5) the pedigree chart depicts the inheritance pattern of ____. circles depict females and
squares depict males. colored shapes represent affected individuals (expressing a trait)
and uncolored shapes are unaffected (do not express a trait).
a. an autosomal recessive characteristic with both parents being heterozygous
b. an autosomal dominant characteristic with both parents being homozygous dominant
c. an autosomal recessive characteristic with both parents being homozygous recessive
d. none of the above
6) a major development in the evolution of primates is stereoscopic vision. this
development is associated with
a. a decline in the importance of smell.
b. eyes in front of the head.
c. a binocular field of vision.
d. all of the choices are correct.
7) which of the following is a receptor that responds to light?
a. photochrome
b. phototropin
c. gibberellins
d. cytokinins
e. photochrome and phototropin are correct.
8) considering that leaf stomates have the conflicting functions of allowing gaseous
carbon dioxide into the leaf, yet preserving the plant’s supply of water, which of the
following is (are) reasonable?
a. a submerged-water plant would have no stomates.
b. tree leaves that orient flat and present the top side to the sun would have most of their
stomates on the bottom of the leaf.
c. corn, oats, rice, and wheat-all monocots-have relative upright blades with sunlight
hitting both sides and would have stomates distributed evenly on both sides.
d. all of the choices are reasonable.
e. none of the choices is reasonable, since stomates are found uniformly on all type of
leaves.
9) which lower respiratory tract disorder can be cured through the use of antibiotics that
are effective against bacterial infections?
a. pneumonia
b. asthma
c. strep throat
d. emphysema
10) besides humans, _____ have one of the most complex languages in the animal
kingdom.
a. chimpanzees
b. crickets
c. bottlenose dolphins
d. kilpspringers
11) which of the following organisms belong to the supergroup amoebozoans?
a. amoeboids and euglenoids
b. plasmodial and water molds
c. plasmodial and cellular slime molds
d. cellular slime molds and radiolarians
e. choanoflagellates and diplomonads
12) consider the possibility that we discover a gene that regulates both the amount of
root hairs and where root hairs grow on a root tip. since the surface area provided by
root hairs is so critical to their uptake of water and nutrients, expanding their growth
area seems a great advantage. however, which of these might be a problem?
a. growth of root hairs in the zone of cell division would interfere with root cell
proliferation.
b. growth of root hairs in the root cap would cause them to be shredded off since this
area takes substantial abrasion.
c. growth of root hairs in the zone of elongation would cause them to be shredded off as
they anchored in soil and the root lengthened.
d. all of these choices pose a problem.
13) which of the following lists of ear structures are all membranous structures?
a. ossicles, tympanic membrane, oval window, otoliths
b. cochlea, ampulla
c. tympanic membrane, oval window, round window
d. malleus, incus, stapes
e. tympanic membrane, oval window, stapes
14) which of the following lifestyle changes would have the greatest impact on
reducing an individuals environmental impact?
a. reducing your meat consumption to once or twice a week.
b. buying a more fuel efficient vehicle and only using it when you are taking long trips
instead of traveling locally.
c. downsizing and moving into a smaller house.
d. reducing the number of children in your household to reach a zero population growth
rate.
e. waiting until later in life to have children and only have one per couple.
15) the colonial flagellate hypothesis states that animals descended from a hollow
spherical colony of flagellated cells. order the probable steps in which this occurred.
1> step 1 a. a few flagellated cells form an aggregate.
2> step 3 b. the colony of aggregated cells forms a hollow sphere.
3> step 2 c. individual cells become specialized for reproduction.
4> step 4 d. infolding of certain cells creates tissue layers.
16) which statement is not true about eukaryotic chromosomes?
a. there is only one chromosome of each type in each body cell.
b. chromosomes contain both dna and associated histones.
c. chromosomes condense from chromatin at the start of mitosis.
d. chromosomes disperse back into chromatin at the end of mitosis.
e. chromosomes are not located within the nuclear envelope during mitosis.
17) which of the following statements about hormones is correct?
a. non-steroid hormones activate an enzyme cascade.
b. steroid hormones regulate the production of a particular protein.
c. non-steroid hormones are either amino acids, peptides, or proteins.
d. steroid hormones all have four carbon rings with different side chains.
e. all of the choices are correct.
18) density-independent factors which play a role in regulating population size in nature
include
a. weather.
b. natural disasters.
c. geographical barriers.
d. all of the choices are correct.
19) what is the correct order that a motor nerve impulse travels when triggering a
muscle contraction?
a. motor nerve-synaptic cleft-sarcolemma-sarcoplasmic reticulum-troponin
b. motor nerve-synaptic cleft-sarcolemma-troponin-sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. motor nerve-sarcoplasmic reticulum-synaptic cleft-sarcolemma-troponin
d. motor nerve-sarcolemma-sarcoplasmic reticulum-synaptic cleft-troponin
e. motor nerve-sarcolemma-synaptic cleft-sarcoplasmic reticulum-troponin
20) what is the most plausible explanation for why the male of most bird species have
elaborate plumage and mating rituals?
a. sexual selection
b. genetic mutations
c. gene flow
d. natural selection
correct