1) if the probability of event a is 3/4 and the probability of event b is 1/4, then the
probability of both a and b occurring at the same time is
a. 3/4.
b. 1/4.
c. 1 or absolute certainty.
d. 1/2.
e. 3/16.
2) hominin evolution began about
a. 4.6 bya (billion years ago).
b. 7 mya (million years ago).
c. 3.5 mya (million years ago).
d. 55 mya (million years ago).
3) if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur?
a. salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
b. water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
c. salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
d. water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
e. none of the choices will occur.
4) generally, only one sperm fertilizes an egg because
a. sperm are so few that two are unlikely to arrive at the same time.
b. sperm compete against one another before entering, and only the most fit one is
accepted.
c. one small entry hole called the blastopore allows only one sperm to fit through and
then seals.
d. many sperm enter but only one set of chromosomes can fuse with the egg nucleus;
the other sperm are absorbed.
e. when the first sperm membrane fuses with the egg membrane, it forms a fertilization
membrane, which forms a barrier to the penetration of other sperm.
5) if an organism runs photosynthesis for its main form of energy, the removal of what
substrate would limit it’s growth?
a. 6h2o
b. c6h12o6
c. 6o2
d. 6co-
6) in the human male, the tube used to carry both sperm and urine is the
a. ureter.
b. seminiferous tubule.
c. vas deferens.
d. urethra.
e. fallopian tube.
7) before the time of gregor mendel and genetics, sexual reproduction was thought to
produce a blending or equal mixing of the parents’ traits. today we know that
a. offspring will be identical to one another and demonstrate traits exactly halfway
between the parents’ traits.
b. offspring can vary from receiving over 99% of one parent’s genes to receiving over
99% of the other parent’s genes.
c. offspring inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling
offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from
each parent, and further variation may occur due to crossing-over.
d. offspring inherit copies of the same 23 pair of chromosomes from each of their
parents but the rate of crossing-over makes them very dissimilar.
e. there is one chance in 23 of getting identical sets of chromosomes from one parent,
times two because there are two parents; therefore, two siblings out of every 46 are
really identical except for crossing-over.
8) which region of the earth would have the greatest solar exposure during the vernal
equinox?
a. equatorial regions
b. between 300 and 600north
c. between 300 and 600south
d. .between 600 north and the north pole
e. between 600 south and the south pole
9) which of the following statements about the development of bone in humans is not
true?
a. bone breakdown and replacement occur throughout life.
b. a primary ossification center forms in the middle of a long bone.
c. a secondary ossification center forms at the end of a long bone.
d. bones may form within a cartilage model or within a membrane matrix.
e. a cartilaginous disk remains between the primary and secondary ossification centers
until old age.
10) living organisms are characterized by:
a. adapting to the environment.
b. evolving over time.
c. displaying homeostatic controls.
d. all of the choices pertain to living organisms.
11) in the case of the peppered moths in england, when kettlewell set up cameras to
document that more white or black moths were eaten by birds on clean or sooty trees,
he was verifying which factor involved in evolution by natural selection?
a. the organisms vary in traits and that these traits may be acquired during a lifetime.
b. the variation is inherited.
c. more young are born than can survive, so there will always be competition.
d. some individuals are better adapted to a particular environment than other
individuals.
12) the activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except
________.
a. increase in substrate concentration
b. a vitamin
c. a 2-4 degree increase in temperature
d. the presence of lead
13) which of the following examples will help maintain diversity within a population?
a. lack of mutations within the population.
b. random mating.
c. absence of migration.
d. natural selection.
incorrect
14) what is the importance of crossing-over?
a. it provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells.
b. it increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.
c. it produces the proteins that are associated with dna in chromosomes.
d. it increases chromosome condensation.
e. it separates the homologous chromosomes.
15) which of the following cardiovascular diseases is caused by a narrowing of the
arteries causing the heart to work harder when pumping?
a. hypertension
b. stroke
c. heart attack
d. all of the above are due to a narrowing of the arteries.
16) the actual physiological mechanism that allows fish to school involves both the
cutaneous receptors known as the lateral line as well as their eyesight. therefore, the
stimuli that fish use to school are light and
a. pressure waves.
b. temperature.
c. sound waves.
d. gravitational pull.
e. molecules for taste.
17) lactose is milk sugar, and humans produce substantial lactase enzyme to digest it
when we are infants. however, we soon lose some or even all of our lactase after
childhood. in such cases, undigested lactose passes to the lower intestine where bacteria
break it down into lactic acid and co2, causing painful gas and bloating. this problem
could be avoided by
a. avoiding all dairy products containing lactose.
b. taking lactase enzyme tablets when consuming lactose products.
c. taking any enzyme tablets when consuming dairy products.
d. consuming lactose in tablet form.
e. both taking lactase enzyme and avoiding all dairy products would be correct.
18) although cancer may originate in many regions of the body, many patients die from
cancerous growth in the lungs, lymph glands, or liver. this is most readily explained as
a. spreading of cancer by angiogenesis.
b. metastasis occurring more commonly in organs that have a filter effect.
c. proteinase enzymes making cancer particularly damaging to these tissues.
d. growth anywhere but in these organs is called benign.
e. due to these organs simply being more susceptible to cancer.