1) what would you find in the heart of an amphibian?
a. one atrium and one ventricle
b. two atria and one ventricle
c. one atrium and two ventricles
d. two atria and two ventricles
e. two atria and a partially divided ventricle
2) to what does the term grana refer?
a. the double membrane of the chloroplast
b. a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast
c. a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
d. the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
e. the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids
3) ventilation includes
a. inspiration.
b. expiration.
c. illumination.
d. all of the above are correct.
e. both inspiration and expiration.
4) disorders of the upper respiratory tract consist of all of the following except for
a. a runny nose.
b. pharyngitis.
c. the common cold.
d. asthma.
e. strep throat.
5) if two adjacent populations of the same species show gene flow, then the two
populations will
a. become more similar in their gene pools.
b. become isolated from each other.
c. develop into different species.
d. adapt to different conditions and become separate.
6) which of these plant tissue types most closely corresponds to the “typical”
unspecialized plant cell?
a. xylem
b. phloem
c. collenchyma
d. sclerenchyma
e. parenchyma
7) the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions when stimulated directly by the
a. sarcolemma.
b. neuromuscular junction.
c. tropomyosin.
d. axon bulb.
e. t tubule.
8) the springtail is a very common small insect that lives in rotten logs, rich soil, and
other humid places. its cuticle is water repelling (hydrophobic) except for a strange
organ, the collophore, on its ventral side. because it lacks the excretory organs of other
insects, the springtail has this organ in contact with the water (it is responsible for ion
balance and secretion of wastes). if we examined the cell structure of this collophore,
we would expect to find a high number of
a. nuclei.
b. ribosomes.
c. golgi bodies.
d. lysosomes.
e. centrioles.
9) the northern elephant seal was hunted almost to extinction during the 18th and 19th
centuries. less than 100 seals were left to contribute to the gene pool of their future
generations. since the early 20th century, the elephant seals have been protected by law
in both the u.s. and mexico. over 100,000 seals now inhabit the western shores of north
america, all related to the small population that survived the slaughter of hunters.
scientists fear the elephant seals may be more susceptible to disease and pollution due
to a ______.
a. a heterozygous advantage
b. disruptive selection
c. founder effect
d. bottleneck effect
10) which listing correctly indicates a sequence of increasing biological organization?
a. molecule, cell, organelle, atom
b. organelle, tissue, cell, molecule
c. organ, tissue, atom, molecule
d. atom, molecule, organelle, cell
11) familial hypercholesterolemia
a. is characterized by high blood levels of cholesterol.
b. is a condition that develops when liver cells lack a receptor protein for removing
cholesterol from the blood.
c. may be treated by ex vivo gene therapy.
d. all of the above are true.
e. only two of the aboveare true.
12) which of the following elements would be more reactive with other elements?
a. boron, #5
b. neon, #10
c. argon, #18
d. helium, #2
13) what is (are) the structures designated by the letter a’.
a. spindle fibers
b. centrioles
c. chromosomes
d. kinetochore microtubules
14) a study of echinoderm embryos, such as sea stars, confirms a similar developmental
pattern to that of vertebrates. in both, the blastopore becomes the anus. this would be
considered
a. behavioral data.
b. convergent evolution.
c. analogy.
d. homology.
e. synapomorphy.
15) early this spring researchers have recently discovered that there is one small
remnant population of endangered bluegrass left in a small prairie plot outside of kansas
city. if there are approximately 850 individuals in the cohort, how many individuals can
the researchers expect to find alive at the end of the summer, 6 months later?
a. approximately 1000
b. approximately 330
c. approximately 700
d. approximately 45
e. none of the individuals will be alive 6 months later.
16) scientists have discovered gene products, including the hormone elh, that control all
components of egg-laying behavior in aplysia slugs. this discovery confirms that
a. the egg-laying behavior is innate or hardwired into the slug’s brain.
b. the egg-laying behavior has absolutely no nervous system involvement.
c. genes can control endocrine gland secretions that control behavior.
d. this slug could avoid being eaten by garter snakes.
e. genes only influence physiology and structure but not behavior.
17) what do the founder effect and the bottleneck effect have in common?
a. both the founder effect and the bottleneck effect result from mutation
b. both the founder effect and the bottleneck effect result from increase gene flow
c. both the founder effect and the bottleneck effect are examples of disruptive selection
d. both the founder effect and the bottleneck effect occur by chance.
18) which statement is not true about woody stems?
a. woody stems contain secondary growth.
b. secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood.
c. the stem is organized into a central pith, wood, and outer bark.
d. cork cambium produces waterproof cork cells that become bark.
e. the vascular cambium is located between the xylem and phloem of the vascular
bundles in a woody stem.