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1) the liver functions in digestion by
a. converting hemoglobin to bilirubin and biliverdin.
b. destroying old red blood cells.
c. producing blood proteins.
d. producing urea.
e. producing bile.
2) lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skins after they lose their
gills. you would expect lungless salamanders to
a. prefer drier habitats.
b. prefer stagnant water.
c. be larger than most salamanders.
d. be restricted to smaller and/or thinner body plans.
3) which statement is not true about the pressure-flow model of phloem transport?
a. water is actively transported into phloem.
b. phloem sap moves at a rate of 60 to 300 cm per hour.
c. pressure is created in the phloem by the buildup of water and sugar.
d. sugar produced by photosynthesis is actively transported into phloem cells.
e. sugar is actively transported out of the phloem at a sink area such as the root.
4) which antibody class is most prevalent in the bloodstream?
a. iga
b. igg
c. ige
d. igm
e. igd
5) _____ are bone-absorbing cells and _____ are bone forming cells.
a. menisci; osteroclasts
b. chondrocytes; lymphocytes
c. osteoclasts; osteoblasts
d. eosinophils; red blood cells
e. osteocytes; osteons
6) during which phase of mitosis and meiosis will the state of the chromosome be the
same?
a. anaphase ii and anaphase
b. prophase ii and prophase
c. metaphase i and metaphase
d. telophase i and telophase
7) which of the following is consistent with the laws of physics governing energy?
a. when a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine, 100% of its energy goes into
moving the car along the road.
b. you eat a "quarter-pounder" hamburger and assemble exactly a quarter-pound of
additional body weight on your body.
c. eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat.
d. a calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that, eaten by you, becomes a
calorie of heat lost in muscle "power."
e. chemical bonds are a case of converting energy to matter; breaking the bonds
converts matter to energy.
8) identify e' as the _____
a. inner membrane
b. matrix
c. cristae
d. intermembrane space
e. outer membrane
9) the leading cause of preventable death in the united states is cardiovascular disease.
which of the following are lifestyle modifications that would lower a person's risk of
cvd?
a. not smoking
b. lose weight
c. lower fat intake
d. all of the choices are means of lowering risk for cvd.
10) in what process does a fertilized egg undergo cell division without further growth?
a. cleavage
b. gastrulation
c. differentiation
d. morphogenesis
e. implantation
11) viruses are categorized according to all of the following except
a. size and shape.
b. their type of nucleic acid.
c. the presence of absence of an envelope.
d. their method of reproduction, whether asexual or sexual.
12) which of the following functional groups represents sulfhydryl?
a. sh
b. h-n-h
c. oh
d. 0=c-oh
e. c=o
13) during which stage of meiosis are the bivalents arranged along the equator?
a. prophase i
b. metaphase ii
c. anaphase ii
d. prophase ii
e. metaphase i
14) which of the following features are found within the lophotrochozoa?
a. bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are
aquatic, and are classified as protostomes.
b. bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, two germ layers as embryos, are
aquatic, and are classified as protostomes.
c. bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are
aquatic, and are classified as deuterostomes.
d. bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are
terrestrial, and are classified as protostomes.
e. radial symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are aquatic,
and are classified as protostomes.
15) the characteristic way in which atoms of an element react is most related to the
a. number of electrons in the outermost shell.
b. number of electrons in the innermost shell.
c. number of neutrons in the nucleus.
d. size of the nucleus.
16) present experimental evidence related to griffith's experiment and the identification
of the cell's genetic material.
when experimenting with streptococcus pneumoniae in the 1920's, griffith noticed that
some colonies were shiny and smooth and some were rough in appearance. he called
the shiny colonies, the s strain' and the rough colonies, the r' strain. when griffith
injected mice with the s strain, which he discovered were encapsulated, they died. when
he injected them with the r strain, they did not die. in trying to determine what factor
was responsible for the s strain's virulence, griffith heat-killed the s bacteria to destroy
the capsule. when he injected mice with the normally fatal s strain bacteria that had
been heat-killed, they did not die. however, if the heat-killed s strain bacteria were
mixed with harmless live r strain bacteria of the same species and injected, the mice did
die. surprisingly, living s strain bacteria were recovered from the bodies of the mice.
griffith concluded that some substance from the dead s strain bacteria passed to the r
strain bacteria, imparting virulence and the ability to form a capsule. avery and others
continued the search for the substance that "transformed" the r strain into the s strain.
hypothesis i: genetic material or "transforming substance" is protein.
hypothesis ii: genetic material or "transforming substance" is rna.
hypothesis iii: genetic material or "transforming substance" is dna.
which of the following statements is not true about the debate over the nature of genetic
material?
a. many scientists believed that dna was not the genetic material because, with only four
types of nucleotides, dna did not have enough variability to store information.
b. scientists focused on carbohydrate and protein in their studies of possible genetic
material since they knew that genes were on chromosomes and that chromosomes were
made of carbohydrate and protein.
c. many scientists thought that proteins had a greater capacity for storing information
because proteins contain 20 amino acids that could be sequenced differently.
d. some scientists thought that rna was likely to be the genetic material.
17) the sodium-potassium pump is primarily responsible for
a. the resting potential.
b. the action potential.
c. the excretion of salts.
d. the contraction of muscle fibers.
e. maintaining isotonic water balance.
18) why is there great value in preserving biodiversity hotspots?
a. these spots have a large diversity of species in them.
b. preserved hotspots have a direct value to humans.
c. hotspots have an indirect value to humans.
d. biodiversity hotspots are a source of new medicines.
e. all of these are values in preserving biodiversity hotspots.
