Archives

A majority of people under correctional authority have a history of mental health problems. a. True b. False Which of the following is NOT one of the four main issues found within female prisons? a. medical services b. suicide rates […]

The logic behind juvenile diversion programs is based on the developmental pattern of delinquency. a. True b. False According to the authors, rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the offender and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Inmates and visitors have a great deal of freedom b. Newer with functional units located in the entry c. Central corridor for prisoner movement d. Treatment programs designed to […]

By the 1990s, approximately _________percent of law enforcement agencies focused their efforts toward community policing practices. a. 20 b. 45 c. 65 d. 80 The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Objective standard for defense counsel b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim’s fate d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional e. Developed […]

Most parole revocations occur only when the parolee is arrested on a serious charge or cannot be located by the officer. a. True b. False Research has shown that postrelease supervision is________ in its effectiveness. a. excellent b. poor c. […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical […]

Aftercare operates in a way similar to: a. adult parole. b. adult probation. c. the House of Refuge. d. a minimum security prison. Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and ________in the community. a. employment b. educational attainment c. supervision d. family […]

The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the ____________ system of corrections. a. the congregate b. inmate labor c. the separate confinement d. contract-lease One of the major reasons […]

Which of the following is an argument for a centralized probation authority? a. Decentralized programs are often unprofessional and lag behind the times. b. It is able to train staff for a variety of roles. c. It is able to […]

African Americans make up 40 percent of the prison population but _________of all U.S. residents. a. 5 percent b. 13 percent c. 25 percent d. 32 percent The growth of new and innovative community justice projects has been remarkably: a. […]

Men in prison tend to have already graduated from high school. a. True b. False ________________ power refers to the ability to obtain compliance in exchange for material resources. a. Normative b. Remunerative c. Coercive d. Subjective Answer: b Match […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Post-custody supervision in the community b. Without any further correctional supervision c. Used with indeterminate sentence d. Furloughs e. Required release f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain […]

True / False 1. Conservatives and liberals tend to share the same ideas about how to deal with crime. a. True b. False 2. The rate of incarceration in the United States is one of the lowest in the world. […]

True / False 1. The 1960s and ’70s reflected the dominance of the rehabilitative model toward inmates. a. True b. False 2. The civil rights movement had no effect on prisoners. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Links to […]

True / False 1. One factor in the prison inmate code is not interfering with other inmates’ interests. a. True b. False 2. The presence of gangs organized along racial lines contributes to violence in prison. a. True b. False […]

True / False 1. Advocates of women’s reformatories favored rural correctional institutions in areas away from the unwholesome conditions of the city. a. True b. False 2. Vaginal examinations are frequently conducted by correctional officers to discover contraband. a. True […]

1. Staff personnel usually work under the deputy warden, handling accounting, training, and purchasing. a. True b. False 2. Formal codes of institutional conduct have emerged only in the last 40 years. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Governing […]

1. Prison administrators use institutional programs to help manage time. a. True b. False 2. Classification is a one-time procedure. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Classification LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.14.04 – Understand the importance of the classification process and […]

True / False 1. Probation release is often tied to shock incarceration. a. True b. False 2. The number of felons on parole has decreased since 1980. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Origins of Parole LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.15.01 […]

True / False 1. The conditions of parole only regulate conduct that is viewed in a legal context. a. True b. False 2. In practice, revocations usually result from a single rule violation. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: […]

True / False 1. Most correctional professionals believe juveniles are more susceptible than adults to the influence of treatment programs. a. True b. False 2. Most female delinquents commit the crime of running away. a. True b. False ANSWER: True […]

True / False 1. Some overseers think a hardening of public attitudes toward criminals is reflected in longer sentences. a. True b. False 2. For health and safety concerns, crowded living conditions in correctional facilities cannot be tolerated. a. True […]

True / False 1. Most Americans associate race with crime. a. True b. False 2. Sentencing for drug crimes contributes to the high incarceration rate of African Americans. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Visions of Race and Punishment […]

True / False 1. Attempts to reform prisons began in the 1500s with the disintegration of feudalism. a. True b. False 2. The new industrialism brought about a shift from penal to economic considerations as the basis for punishment. a. […]

1. According to opponents of capital punishment, there is no evidence the death penalty deters violent crime. a. True b. False 2. An offender who presents belated evidence of innocence is entitled to a new hearing in a federal court […]

1. The community justice approach combines crime control and rehabilitation. a. True b. False 2. The growth of the penal system tends to be random in nature and scope. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Need for a […]

1. More African American men attend colleges and universities than are behind bars. a. True b. False 2. Corrections has a clear mission in the process of handling offenders and the overall goal of their individual agencies. a. True b. […]

True / False 1. The Pennsylvania System focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance. a. True b. False 2. English trends and practices greatly influenced American corrections. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Colonial Period LEARNING […]

True / False 1. According to the authors, rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the offender and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. a. True b. False 2. The […]

True / False 1. Since the inception of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, it has become more difficult for prisoners to file civil rights law suits. a. True b. False 2. The right of habeas corpus for alleged terrorist detainees […]

True / False 1. Most women believe rape is a violation emotionally, physically, and rationally as well as a degrading act of violence. a. True b. False 2. Most sexual offenses occur between strangers. a. True b. False ANSWER: False […]

True / False 1. Most jails in the United States hold fewer than 50 people. a. True b. False 2. Jails are the entryway to corrections. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Contemporary Jail: Entrance to the System […]

True / False 1. During the sentencing phase of a revocation hearing, the judge decides whether to impose a term of incarceration and if so, for how long. a. True b. False 2. Those on probation tend to be low-level […]

True / False 1. The cost of prison continues to increase with the rising number of offenders entering the system. a. True b. False 2. Evaluations of intensive supervision found that probation officers uncovered more rules violations than they did […]

Officers assigned to the towers or along the walls have almost no contact with inmates. a. True b. False Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated b. Rise of […]

Discretionary release places great faith in the ability of the parole board members to: a. link inmate treatment with the level of custody. b. predict future offender behavior. c. assess readiness for permanent release to community. d. all of these. […]

States with more generous welfare benefits have higher prison populations. a. True b. False According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is to: a. punish the offender. b. reintegrate the offender. c. focus on the victim. […]

Referrals to juvenile court for African American males occur more than_________ the rate for whites. a. twice b. five times c. triple d. half Since the___________, retribution as a justification for the criminal sanction has aroused new interest. a. 1930s […]

Due to prison overcrowding, correctional officials and parole boards believe that situational offenders are most appropriate for early release because they typically pose a minimal threat to the public. a. True b. False The role orientation in which inmates cut […]

__________ of those convicted receive a community sentence such as a fine or probation. a. Two-thirds b. One-half c. One-third d. One-quarter Administrators of traditional correctional agencies (e.g., jails, prisons, probation) often argue that they should also administer intermediate sanctions. […]

It would be safe to say that significant numbers of correctional clients have a history of heavy drinking. a. True b. False Recent research has indicated that rehabilitation can work if___________________ are/is focused upon. a. criminogenic needs b. drug abuse […]

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic models that account for prison designs of most U.S. prisons? a. campus style b. telephone-pole c. military style d. radial By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ […]

Corrections is a means of social: a. balance. b. engineering. c. enslavement. d. control. One of the most disturbing aspects of contemporary U.S. society is the increasing proportion of children who live in poverty. a. True b. False Answer: True […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Inmates and visitors have a great deal of freedom b. Newer with functional units located in the entry c. Central corridor for prisoner movement d. Treatment programs designed to […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior b. Inequality of treatment c. A difference explained by legitimate factors d. Complex concept with changing definitions e. Cultural […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young offenders b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for offenders d. Done by inmate labor e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict […]

Although the increase in prison populations receives the most publicity, a greater proportion of correctional growth has occurred in probation and parole. a. True b. False A(n) __________ is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens’ complaints against […]

The most common sanction a juvenile receives is: a. detention. b. aftercare. c. probation. d. diversion. One in three African American men are: a. on parole. b. on probation. c. in college. d. under correctional supervision. Answer: d Match each […]

Line personnel are not concerned with furthering the institutional goals of a prison. a. True b. False The founder of the Classical School of Criminology was: a. Cesare Beccaria. b. John Howard. c. Cesare Lombroso. d. Jeremy Bentham. Answer: a […]

a. A range of correctional management strategies b. Incarceration followed by sentence reduction c. Sanctions can be calibrated and made equivalent d. Designed for young offenders e. Compensation for loss f. Penalty based on an offender’s income g. Free labor […]

Roughly 75 percent of those currently housed have already been convicted in a criminal court. a. True b. False Prison crowding directly affects the ability of correctional staff to do their work because it decreases the proportion of offenders in […]

Age is the best predictor of recidivism. a. True b. False Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Remove an offender’s capacity to commit crime b. Min/max range of incarceration c. Punishment as an example to […]

The case of_________ showed that a three-drug lethal injection protocol violates the “cruel and unusual punishment” clause. a. Gideon v. Wainwright b. Gagnon v. Scarpelli c. Gregg v. Georgia d. Baze v. Rees No one can dispute the_________ impact of […]

Prison administrators use institutional programs to help manage time. a. True b. False Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Remove an offender’s capacity to commit crime b. Min/max range of incarceration c. Punishment as an […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Post-custody supervision in the community b. Without any further correctional supervision c. Used with indeterminate sentence d. Furloughs e. Required release f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain […]

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. When an ex-offender’s poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse b. Handle problems with recently released offenders c. Legal barrier to reentry d. A small group living facility for […]

The number of people under correctional control currently totals over: a. 2 million. b. 4 million. c. 7 million. d. 9 million. Discrimination occurs when groups are differentially treated without regard to their behavior or qualifications. a. True b. False […]

The argument that African Americans are more criminal than whites by nature: a. is a fact. b. is not sustained by the evidence. c. is sustained by evidence in the court system. d. shows that racism is well hidden in […]

Many observers believe that the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system is: a. reciprocal. b. one-sided. c. unrecognizable d. invisible. Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes b. […]

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key areas of concern raised about community justice models? a. individual rights b. social inequality c. increased costs d. political support Most prison violence in America occurs between officers and […]