American Corrections 11th Edition

A majority of people under correctional authority have a history of mental health problems. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Which of the following is NOT one of the four main issues found within female prisons? a. medical services b. suicide rates c. sexual misconduct d. educational and vocational programming Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Parole is often viewed

The logic behind juvenile diversion programs is based on the developmental pattern of delinquency. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True According to the authors, rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the offender and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. a. True b. False Answer:

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Inmates and visitors have a great deal of freedom b. Newer with functional units located in the entry c. Central corridor for prisoner movement d. Treatment programs designed to reform offender e. Restrictions on inmates/visitors are less strict than maximum security f. Often used for

By the 1990s, approximately _________percent of law enforcement agencies focused their efforts toward community policing practices. a. 20 b. 45 c. 65 d. 80 Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement: a. statutes. b. case laws. c.

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Objective standard for defense counsel b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional e. Developed in the late 1970s f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing g. Execution of the insane h. Circumstances

Most parole revocations occur only when the parolee is arrested on a serious charge or cannot be located by the officer. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Research has shown that postrelease supervision is________ in its effectiveness. a. excellent b. poor c. limited d. none of these Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Probation release is often tied to

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment House of corrections

Aftercare operates in a way similar to: a. adult parole. b. adult probation. c. the House of Refuge. d. a minimum security prison. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and ________in the community. a. employment b. educational attainment c. supervision d. family connectivity Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c The performance-based movement calls for a reshaping of the philosophy of probation

The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the ____________ system of corrections. a. the congregate b. inmate labor c. the separate confinement d. contract-lease Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c One of the major reasons England and Europe resorted to sending offenders to the "New World" was

Which of the following is an argument for a centralized probation authority? a. Decentralized programs are often unprofessional and lag behind the times. b. It is able to train staff for a variety of roles. c. It is able to implement broader program with greater equality in supervision and services. d. all of these Answer:

African Americans make up 40 percent of the prison population but _________of all U.S. residents. a. 5 percent b. 13 percent c. 25 percent d. 32 percent Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The growth of new and innovative community justice projects has been remarkably: a. slow. b. fast. c. unwelcome. d. measured. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The effectiveness of parole supervision has

Men in prison tend to have already graduated from high school. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False ________________ power refers to the ability to obtain compliance in exchange for material resources. a. Normative b. Remunerative c. Coercive d. Subjective Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Willingness to intervene on behalf

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Post-custody supervision in the community b. Without any further correctional supervision c. Used with indeterminate sentence d. Furloughs e. Required release f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions h. Treat a

True / False 1. Conservatives and liberals tend to share the same ideas about how to deal with crime. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Key Issues in Corrections LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.01.05 - Discuss what we can learn from the great experiment in social control. KEYWORDS:

True / False 1. The 1960s and 70s reflected the dominance of the rehabilitative model toward inmates. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Links to the Past LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.10.01 - Explain how todays prisons are linked to the past. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES:

True / False 1. One factor in the prison inmate code is not interfering with other inmates interests. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Prison Society LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.11.01 - Discuss the inmate code and talk about where the values of the prison subculture come from.

True / False 1. Advocates of womens reformatories favored rural correctional institutions in areas away from the unwholesome conditions of the city. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Historical Perspective LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.12.02 - Be familiar with the history of the incarceration of women. KEYWORDS: Blooms:

1. Staff personnel usually work under the deputy warden, handling accounting, training, and purchasing. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Formal Organization LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.13.01 - Identify the principles used to organize the functioning of prisons. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Formal Organization LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.13.01

1. Prison administrators use institutional programs to help manage time. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Managing Time LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.14.01 - Describe how correctional programs help address the challenge of managing time in the correctional setting. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Managing Time LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

True / False 1. Probation release is often tied to shock incarceration. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Release Mechanisms LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.15.03 - Discuss the different mechanisms that are used to release offenders from correctional facilities. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Release Mechanisms LEARNING

True / False 1. The conditions of parole only regulate conduct that is viewed in a legal context. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Overview of the Postrelease Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.16.01 - Know the major characteristics of the postrelease function of the corrections system. KEYWORDS:

True / False 1. Most correctional professionals believe juveniles are more susceptible than adults to the influence of treatment programs. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Why Treat Juveniles and Adults Differently? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.17.03 - Describe the new evidence-based movement in juvenile corrections, and explain

True / False 1. Some overseers think a hardening of public attitudes toward criminals is reflected in longer sentences. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Explaining Prison Population Trends LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.18.01 - Discuss the explanations for the dramatic increase in the incarceration rate. KEYWORDS: Blooms:

True / False 1. Most Americans associate race with crime. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Race in the Correctional Context LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01 - Understand the meaning of race and ethnicity. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Race in the Correctional Context LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.19.01

True / False 1. Attempts to reform prisons began in the 1500s with the disintegration of feudalism. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: From the Middle Ages to the American Revolution LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.02.01 - Understand the major forms of punishment from the Middle Ages to

1. According to opponents of capital punishment, there is no evidence the death penalty deters violent crime. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Debate over Capital Punishment LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.20.01 - Contrast the issues in the debate over capital punishment. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES:

1. The community justice approach combines crime control and rehabilitation. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Need for a New Approach LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.21.01 - Define community justice and show how it differs from criminal justice. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Need for a

1. More African American men attend colleges and universities than are behind bars. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: American Corrections Today LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.22.01 - Understand how the philosophy of the U.S. corrections system has changed over the years and what effects such changes have had.

True / False 1. The Pennsylvania System focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Arrival of the Penitentiary LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. KEYWORDS: Bloom's:

True / False 1. According to the authors, rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the offender and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Purpose of Corrections LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

True / False 1. Since the inception of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, it has become more difficult for prisoners to file civil rights law suits. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Correctional Law and the U.S. Supreme Court LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.05.01 - Discuss the foundations

True / False 1. Most women believe rape is a violation emotionally, physically, and rationally as well as a degrading act of violence. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Types of Offenders LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.06.03 - Identify different types of offenders in the corrections system and

True / False 1. Most jails in the United States hold fewer than 50 people. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: The Contemporary Jail: Entrance to the System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.07.01 - Describe the history of the jail and its current function in the criminal justice

True / False 1. During the sentencing phase of a revocation hearing, the judge decides whether to impose a term of incarceration and if so, for how long. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Revocation and Termination of Probation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.08.10 - Discuss the revocation

True / False 1. The cost of prison continues to increase with the rising number of offenders entering the system. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Intermediate Sanctions in Corrections LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.09.01 - Describe the rationale for nonincarceration penalties. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES:

Officers assigned to the towers or along the walls have almost no contact with inmates. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway houses c.

Discretionary release places great faith in the ability of the parole board members to: a. link inmate treatment with the level of custody. b. predict future offender behavior. c. assess readiness for permanent release to community. d. all of these. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Probation officers have broad discretion to investigate potential rules violations and even

States with more generous welfare benefits have higher prison populations. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is to: a. punish the offender. b. reintegrate the offender. c. focus on the victim. d. achieve justice. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The most experienced correctional workers have seen highly praised

Referrals to juvenile court for African American males occur more than_________ the rate for whites. a. twice b. five times c. triple d. half Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Since the___________, retribution as a justification for the criminal sanction has aroused new interest. a. 1930s b. 1950s c. 1970s d. 1990s Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Residential centers tend to be __________

Due to prison overcrowding, correctional officials and parole boards believe that situational offenders are most appropriate for early release because they typically pose a minimal threat to the public. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The role orientation in which inmates cut themselves off from society and attempt to construct a new life

__________ of those convicted receive a community sentence such as a fine or probation. a. Two-thirds b. One-half c. One-third d. One-quarter Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Administrators of traditional correctional agencies (e.g., jails, prisons, probation) often argue that they should also administer intermediate sanctions. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Match each item to the phrase or

It would be safe to say that significant numbers of correctional clients have a history of heavy drinking. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Recent research has indicated that rehabilitation can work if___________________ are/is focused upon. a. criminogenic needs b. drug abuse c. motivation of the offender d. all of these Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Well-governed prisons are

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic models that account for prison designs of most U.S. prisons? a. campus style b. telephone-pole c. military style d. radial Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized. a. parole system b. contract-lease system c.

Corrections is a means of social: a. balance. b. engineering. c. enslavement. d. control. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d One of the most disturbing aspects of contemporary U.S. society is the increasing proportion of children who live in poverty. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True By the 1900s, punishments were carried out under the supervision of: a. the governor. b. the

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Inmates and visitors have a great deal of freedom b. Newer with functional units located in the entry c. Central corridor for prisoner movement d. Treatment programs designed to reform offender e. Restrictions on inmates/visitors are less strict than maximum security f. Often used for

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior b. Inequality of treatment c. A difference explained by legitimate factors d. Complex concept with changing definitions e. Cultural characteristics f. White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks

Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young offenders b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for offenders d. Done by inmate labor e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates

Although the increase in prison populations receives the most publicity, a greater proportion of correctional growth has occurred in probation and parole. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True A(n) __________ is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens' complaints against government officials. a. ombudsman b. detective c. parole officer d. internal officer Answer: a Answer: a Answer:

The most common sanction a juvenile receives is: a. detention. b. aftercare. c. probation. d. diversion. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c One in three African American men are: a. on parole. b. on probation. c. in college. d. under correctional supervision. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Requires "essentials" of due process b. Has no parent

Line personnel are not concerned with furthering the institutional goals of a prison. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False The founder of the Classical School of Criminology was: a. Cesare Beccaria. b. John Howard. c. Cesare Lombroso. d. Jeremy Bentham. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Jeremy Bentham was the one-time high sheriff of Bedfordshire, England, who helped spur changes

a. A range of correctional management strategies b. Incarceration followed by sentence reduction c. Sanctions can be calibrated and made equivalent d. Designed for young offenders e. Compensation for loss f. Penalty based on an offender's income g. Free labor as compensation h. Government seizes assets used in criminal activity i. Potential loss to victim/system j. Targets offenders subject

Roughly 75 percent of those currently housed have already been convicted in a criminal court. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Prison crowding directly affects the ability of correctional staff to do their work because it decreases the proportion of offenders in programs, increases the potential for violence, and strains morale. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer:

Age is the best predictor of recidivism. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Remove an offender's capacity to commit crime b. Min/max range of incarceration c. Punishment as an example to the public d. Restoring the offender to society e. Control over the amount of time

The case of_________ showed that a three-drug lethal injection protocol violates the "cruel and unusual punishment" clause. a. Gideon v. Wainwright b. Gagnon v. Scarpelli c. Gregg v. Georgia d. Baze v. Rees Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d No one can dispute the_________ impact of the prison system's growth on young men of

Prison administrators use institutional programs to help manage time. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Remove an offender's capacity to commit crime b. Min/max range of incarceration c. Punishment as an example to the public d. Restoring the offender to society e. Control over the amount

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Post-custody supervision in the community b. Without any further correctional supervision c. Used with indeterminate sentence d. Furloughs e. Required release f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions h. Treat a

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. When an ex-offender's poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse b. Handle problems with recently released offenders c. Legal barrier to reentry d. A small group living facility for offenders e. The removal of a conviction f. Violating conditions of parole g. Act of clemency h. Criterion

The number of people under correctional control currently totals over: a. 2 million. b. 4 million. c. 7 million. d. 9 million. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Discrimination occurs when groups are differentially treated without regard to their behavior or qualifications. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The reintegration model is linked to the structures and goals of community

The argument that African Americans are more criminal than whites by nature: a. is a fact. b. is not sustained by the evidence. c. is sustained by evidence in the court system. d. shows that racism is well hidden in the criminal justice system. Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The Progressives thought it necessary to know the

Many observers believe that the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system is: a. reciprocal. b. one-sided. c. unrecognizable d. invisible. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees c. Mutual transfer of resources d. Workers who provide

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key areas of concern raised about community justice models? a. individual rights b. social inequality c. increased costs d. political support Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Most prison violence in America occurs between officers and inmates. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Match each item to the phrase or