Roughly 75 percent of those currently housed have already been convicted in a criminal
court.
a. True
b. False
Prison crowding directly affects the ability of correctional staff to do their work because
it decreases the proportion of offenders in programs, increases the potential for
violence, and strains morale.
a. True
b. False
Because of__________ , many states have devised ways to get around the rigidity of
mandatory release.
a. prison population growth
b. public pressure
c. labor shortages
d. expenses
The amount of prisoners currently incarcerated has declined over the past decade.
a. True
b. False
The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between
standard probation and prison is referred to as:
a. secondary sanctions.
b. indeterminate sanctions.
c. primary sanctions.
d. intermediate sanctions.
Female offenders, much like males, adhere to a strict inmate code of behavior.
a. True
b. False
Traditional criminal justice is:
a. proactive.
b. reactive.
c. inactive.
d. active.
For many victims of prison violence, the only way for the administration to guarantee
them safety is to:
a. place them with a gang.
b. place them in the general population custody unit.
c. transfer them to another prison.
d. all of these
Most female delinquents commit the crime of running away.
a. True
b. False
The case of McCleskey v. Kemp focused on racial discrimination under Georgia’s death
penalty law.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Requires “essentials” of due process
b. Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c. Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d. Transfer to adult court
e. State as guardian
f. Parole
g. Specifies “essentials” of due process
h. Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Desistence
There are four basic types of restorative justice strategiesvictim”offender mediation,
community boards, family group conferencing, and circle sentencing.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. When an ex-offender’s poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse
b. Handle problems with recently released offenders
c. Legal barrier to reentry
d. A small group living facility for offenders
e. The removal of a conviction
f. Violating conditions of parole
g. Act of clemency
h. Criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest
i.Originated in Wisconsin in 1913
j.Regulate non-criminal behavior
Technical violations
Most prison violence that occurs on a regular basis is between inmates and:
a. psychologists.
b. medical personnel.
c. inmates.
d. guards.
Under the law of retaliation, lex talionis, vengeance was a duty to be carried out by the
person wronged or by a family member of the victim.
a. True
b. False
The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which prisoners were
confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and were subjected to:
a. secure and sanitary conditions.
b. nonsystematic inspections.
c. income for their labor.
d. corporal punishment for noncompliance.
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prisoner per day
j. Feespecified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Direct supervision
The purpose of punishment as a public spectacle was:
a. immediate deterrence.
b. specific deterrence.
c. exhibition of the sovereign’s power.
d. both crime control and exhibition of the sovereign’s power.
The 1960s and “70s reflected the dominance of the rehabilitative model toward inmates.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Requires “essentials” of due process
b. Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c. Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d. Transfer to adult court
e. State as guardian
f. Parole
g. Specifies “essentials” of due process
h. Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Parens patriae
Presentences investigation reports must always be carried out by probation officers who
work for the judicial branch of the government.
a. True
b. False
Educational programs in prison do not include:
a. GED classes.
b. college classes.
c. federal funding for post-secondary education.
d. All of these are included in prison educational programs.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
justice reinvestment
Correctional officers sometimes feel that:
a. no one cares what happens inside the walls.
b. they”re doing time as well as the inmates.
c. their work accounts for nothing on the outside.
d. all of these
Until the late Middle Ages, prisons were used primarily for the detention of people
awaiting trial.
a. True
b. False
In most prisons, the ____________ is an important social place where people talk,
groups congregate, and the social business of the prisons is conducted.
a. yard
b. commissary
c. cafeteria
d. cell block
Parolees are often required to gain an education, have money, and have a__________ as
part of their conditions of release.
a. family
b. child
c. job
d. church
After 1935 the number of executions began to:
a. decline.
b. soar.
c. climb.
d. stabilize.
In what case did the Supreme Court rule that the defendant does not have a right to
receive a copy of the presentence investigation report?
a. Williams v. New York
b. Morrisey v. Brewer
c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli
d. Bell v. Wolfish
A person who has committed a sexual act prohibited by law is known as a:
a. career criminal.
b. situational offender.
c. elderly offender.
d. sex offender.
The average incarceration rate in the U.S. between 2000 through2009 set an all time
record at __________ per 100,000 people.
__________________ refers to the process by which private investigative firms
contract convicted offenders to conduct comprehensive background checks and suggest
to judges creative sentencing options as alternatives to incarceration
According to the authors,_______________ is when a parolee is still the responsibility
of the government
__________presumes members of the general public will be discouraged by observing
the punishments of others and will conclude the costs of crime outweigh the benefits.
_________________is a concept used to describe male honor and the sacredness of
one’s reputation as a man, and requires physical retaliation against those who insult it.
After the Civil War, southern legislatures passed the , harsh laws designed to control
newly freed African Americans.
How would you respond to the argument that the American prison is becoming a place
where the urban poor receive better housing, health care, education, and job training
than they do on the outside? Is this argument true or false? Be sure to fully explain your
answer.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss what impact a high level of incarceration has on both African American and
Latino communities. What implications does this impact have for the effectiveness of
community-based corrections?
Answer:will vary.
The number of people facing the death penalty in America has ____________
dramatically.
A prison designed and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is
consistent with the concept of incarceration is a(n)________ prison.
__________ presumes that punishment inflicted on criminals will discourage them
from committing future crimes.
________sanctions are used when a client who struggles under community-based
alternatives can instead be monitored through other sanctions such as house arrest
rather than return to prison.
The principle of__________________ states that prisoners should receive no goods or
services in excess of those available to people who have lived within the law.
As a direct consequence of higher incarceration rates, courts have cited states for
maintaining overcrowded prisons that violate an inmate’s ____________ Amendment
right prohibiting cruel and unusual punishment.
The phrase “under some form of correctional supervision” is referring to the following
three forms of control: , __________, __________and__________ .
___________ _______________ are often referred to as community correctional
centers.
List and describe the five basic release mechanisms by which inmates are transitioned
out of prison. In your description, be sure to note both their individual strengths and
weaknesses. In your opinion, which mechanism is the most effective in reducing
recidivism? In contrast, which is the least effective? Be sure to fully explain your
responses.
Answer:Answers will vary.
List and explain three significant Supreme Court cases that addressed key issues around
how capital punishment is be carried out. Do you think the court made the correct
decision in each case? Why or why not?
Answer:will vary.
A strategy to redirect funds currently spent on prisons to community public safety
projects is__________ .
As a result of the Supreme Court decision in ______________, correctional officials
may search cells without a warrant and seize any materials found there.