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True / False
1. The 1960s and ’70s reflected the dominance of the rehabilitative model toward inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The civil rights movement had no effect on prisoners.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The amount of prisoners currently incarcerated has declined over the past decade.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Many states have removed educational and recreational amenities from their institutions.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The reintegration model is linked to the structures and goals of community corrections.
a.
True
b.
False
6. According to the authors, mental illness is prevalent in prison.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The American Correctional Association determines all prison classification in this country.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Eastern State Penitentiary followed the concept of a radial design to house inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Section 1983 allows inmates to sue public officials for constitutional violations.
a.
True
b.
False
10. All state prisons test new inmates for HIV.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Forty-eight of the 50 states along with the federal government currently operate prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The number of people in America’s prisons has remained relatively unchanged over the past decade.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The rehabilitation model, developed during the 1950s, emphasized treatment programs designed to reform offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Most U.S. prisons emphasize the custodial model of incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The Federal Bureau of Prisons is housed within the Department of Homeland Security.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The largest percentage of state-level confinement facilities are located in the Northeast region of the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
17. A cardinal principle for architects who design prisons is that function must follow form.
a.
True
b.
False
Multiple Choice
18. Long-term inmates are recognized as those who suffer from:
a.
physical stress.
b.
emotional stress.
c.
medical problems.
d.
disciplinary actions.
19. Ninety-three percent of the adult prison population is:
a.
African American.
b.
Latino.
c.
male.
d.
white.
20. America’s oldest prison was built in 1798. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey?
a.
Dalton
b.
Trenton
c.
Wilmington
d.
Wilbur
21. The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is:
a.
radial design.
b.
telephone pole design.
c.
campus style.
d.
courtyard style.
22. The model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s.
a.
retribution
b.
incapacitation
c.
rehabilitation
d.
reintegration
23. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as:
a.
inmates.
b.
citizens.
c.
human beings.
d.
people.
24. At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to:
a.
crime control.
b.
rehabilitation.
c.
treatment.
d.
restitution.
25. Most prisons employ a model.
a.
rehabilitative
b.
reintegration
c.
retributive
d.
custodial
26. Some prisons are operated under the direction of:
a.
the federal government.
b.
sheriffs.
c.
police departments.
d.
local government.
27. The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within:
a.
the Department of the Interior.
b.
the Department of Justice.
c.
the National Institute of Justice.
d.
the Department of Homeland Security.
28. As states deal with severe budgetary problems, the future of private prisons is:
a.
secure.
b.
positive.
c.
assured.
d.
uncertain.
29. Today’s prison construction is greatly influenced by:
a.
drug use.
b.
offender needs.
c.
cost.
d.
politics.
30. The cost of maintaining a(n) inmate is much higher than costs associated with other incarcerated
populations.
a.
elderly
b.
minority
c.
female
d.
male
31. The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is in the total U.S. population.
a.
three times lower than
b.
the same as
c.
2.5 times higher
d.
on a par with
32. Rates of HIV infection are higher in prisoners.
a.
female
b.
male
c.
juvenile
d.
homosexual
33. Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the:
a.
1950s.
b.
1960s.
c.
1970s.
d.
1990s.
34. According to sociologists, the “big house” image of the American prison has:
a.
ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison.
b.
provided us with a deeper understanding of the modern prison.
c.
spawned a great deal of humanitarian reform in the eyes of the public.
d.
created interest in the operations of the modern prison among the general public.
35. Until recently, on the question of private prison cost-effectiveness has been lacking.
a.
research
b.
misunderstandings
c.
conflicts
d.
disagreements
36. A majority of all state prisoners throughout the country are housed in prisons.
a.
maximum security
b.
medium security
c.
minimum security
d.
super max
37. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that offenders have had it too soft,
resulting in:
a.
the institution of strict regimes in prisons.
b.
the removal of educational and recreational amenities from prisons.
c.
an increase in the number of people in prison.
d.
all of these.
38. Historically, the has been an innovator in the field of corrections.
a.
Texas Department of Corrections
b.
Illinois Department of Corrections
c.
private prison industry
d.
Federal Bureau of Prisons
39. Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to:
a.
the FBI.
b.
the Secret Service.
c.
the Marshal’s Service.
d.
none of these.
40. According to the authors, the general rule of architecture, including prisons, is that form follows:
a.
freedom.
b.
function.
c.
style.
d.
all of these.
41. Prisons designed to hold the “toughest of the tough” are called:
a.
maximum security prisons.
b.
solitary confinement.
c.
custodial confinement.
d.
super-max prisons.
42. Private enterprise has played a role in American corrections.
a.
never
b.
always
c.
sometimes
d.
only recently
43. Which of the following is NOT one of the three major models of incarceration that have dominated since the 1940s?
a.
custodial
b.
medical
c.
transitional
d.
reintegration
44. The average federal inmate tends to be a white male who has committed a ______________ offense.
a.
violent
b.
drug
c.
property
d.
white collar
45. Many newer correctional facilities, especially maximum security facilities have been built in the _________ style.
a.
radial
b.
campus
c.
military
d.
courtyard
46. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic models that account for prison designs of most U.S. prisons?
a.
campus style
b.
telephone-pole
c.
military style
d.
radial
47. State prisons for men are usually classified according to the level of __________________ deemed necessary.
a.
mental health
b.
security
c.
hospital care
d.
retribution
48. In most prisons, the ____________ is an important social place where people talk, groups congregate, and the social
business of the prisons is conducted.
a.
yard
b.
commissary
c.
cafeteria
d.
cell block
49. Maximum security
50. Custodial model
51. Minimum security
52. Radial design
53. Telephone-pole design
54. Courtyard style
55. Campus style
56. Rehabilitation model
57. Reintegration model
58. A prison designed and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is consistent with the
concept of incarceration is a(n) prison.
59. Administrators believe that elderly inmates should remain in the general prison population; however, they
should receive _____ accommodations.
60. A(n) prison is designed and organized to minimize the possibility of escapes and violence, thereby
imposing strict limitations on the freedom of both inmates and visitors.
61. activity among men is one way HIV is transmitted in prison populations.
62. A(n) prison is designed to prevent escapes and violence but in a less rigid atmosphere.
63. appoints the Bureau of Prisons director.
64. During the rehabilitation model many prisons were converted into institutions.
65. The design of a structure should serve the structure’s .
66. The _____________ model of incarceration emphasizes the provision of treatment programs designed to
reform the offender.
67. The ______________ model of incarceration emphasizes security, discipline, and order.
68. The ____________ model of incarceration emphasizes the maintenance of the offender’s ties to family and
the community as a method of reform.
69. The ______________ branch of each state government is responsible for administering its prison system.
70. ________________ is the federal law that established determinate sentencing, reduced good time, and
abolished parole, all of which substantially increased the average length of imprisonment.
71. Most U.S. prisons today utilize the ________________ model of incarceration, which focuses primarily on
security and discipline.
72. The incarceration rate of the ______________ offender is considerably higher that that of the general
population.
73. _________________ allows prisoners to sue public officials for constitutional violations.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Inmates and visitors have a great deal of freedom
b. Newer with functional units located in the entry
c. Central corridor for prisoner movement
d. Treatment programs designed to reform offender
e. Restrictions on inmates/visitors are less strict than maximum security
f. Often used for juveniles and women
g. Emphasizes family and community ties as a method of reform
h. Strict limitations on freedom of inmates/visitors
i. A control center from which to monitor movement
j. Emphasizes security, discipline, and order
74. Medium security
75. List and describe the three most common models of corrections used in the United States. Based on your
reading, which do you believe is most effective? In contrast, which do you believe is least effective? Be sure to
fully explain your answers.
76. Compare the differences between government-run prisons and private prisons. Discuss your perception of
their overall effectiveness toward the inmates and the effects on employees at these facilities. Does one assist
the offender more than the other? If so, how?
77. How has the prison population changed over the last 30 years? Describe the differences and how or why
they came about. How do these demographic changes affect corrections? Think about budgets, management,
correctional work, and the prison environment.
78. What is meant by the architectural concept “form follows function”? How does this express itself in
corrections? Describe at least three types of prison architecture and discuss issues associated with each model.
