True / False
1. The 1960s and ’70s reflected the dominance of the rehabilitative model toward inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The civil rights movement had no effect on prisoners.
a.
True
b.
False
False
3. The amount of prisoners currently incarcerated has declined over the past decade.
a.
True
b.
False
False
4. Many states have removed educational and recreational amenities from their institutions.
a.
True
b.
False
True
5. The reintegration model is linked to the structures and goals of community corrections.
a.
True
b.
False
6. According to the authors, mental illness is prevalent in prison.
a.
True
b.
False
True
True
7. The American Correctional Association determines all prison classification in this country.
a.
True
b.
False
False
8. Eastern State Penitentiary followed the concept of a radial design to house inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
True
9. Section 1983 allows inmates to sue public officials for constitutional violations.
a.
True
b.
False
True
10. All state prisons test new inmates for HIV.
a.
True
b.
False
False
11. Forty-eight of the 50 states along with the federal government currently operate prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
False
12. The number of people in America’s prisons has remained relatively unchanged over the past decade.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The rehabilitation model, developed during the 1950s, emphasized treatment programs designed to reform offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Most U.S. prisons emphasize the custodial model of incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The Federal Bureau of Prisons is housed within the Department of Homeland Security.
a.
True
b.
False
False
16. The largest percentage of state-level confinement facilities are located in the Northeast region of the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
False
17. A cardinal principle for architects who design prisons is that function must follow form.
a.
True
b.
False
False
False
Multiple Choice
18. Long-term inmates are recognized as those who suffer from:
a.
physical stress.
b.
emotional stress.
c.
medical problems.
d.
disciplinary actions.
19. Ninety-three percent of the adult prison population is:
a.
African American.
b.
Latino.
c.
male.
d.
white.
c
Who Is in Prison?
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.05 – Explain who is in prison.
20. America’s oldest prison was built in 1798. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey?
a.
Dalton
b.
Trenton
c.
Wilmington
d.
Wilbur
b
Links to the Past
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.01 – Explain how today’s prisons are linked to the past.
21. The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is:
a.
radial design.
b.
telephone pole design.
c.
campus style.
d.
courtyard style.
c
The Design and Classification of Prisons
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.04 – Discuss the factors that influence the classification of prisons.
22. The model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s.
a.
retribution
b.
incapacitation
c.
rehabilitation
b
Who Is in Prison?
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.05 – Explain who is in prison.
d.
reintegration
23. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as:
a.
inmates.
b.
citizens.
c.
human beings.
d.
people.
b
Links to the Past
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.01 – Explain how today’s prisons are linked to the past.
24. At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to:
a.
crime control.
b.
rehabilitation.
c.
treatment.
d.
restitution.
25. Most prisons employ a model.
a.
rehabilitative
b.
reintegration
c.
retributive
d.
custodial
26. Some prisons are operated under the direction of:
a.
the federal government.
b.
sheriffs.
c.
police departments.
d.
local government.
a
Organization of Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
c
Goals of Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.02 – Discuss the goals of incarceration.
27. The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within:
a.
the Department of the Interior.
b.
the Department of Justice.
c.
the National Institute of Justice.
d.
the Department of Homeland Security.
28. As states deal with severe budgetary problems, the future of private prisons is:
a.
secure.
b.
positive.
c.
assured.
d.
uncertain.
d
Organization for Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
29. Today’s prison construction is greatly influenced by:
a.
drug use.
b.
offender needs.
c.
cost.
d.
politics.
c
The Design and Classification of Prisons
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.04 – Discuss the factors that influence the classification of prisons.
30. The cost of maintaining a(n) inmate is much higher than costs associated with other incarcerated
populations.
a.
elderly
b.
minority
c.
female
d.
male
a
Who Is in Prison?
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.05 – Explain who is in prison.
31. The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is in the total U.S. population.
a.
three times lower than
b.
the same as
c.
2.5 times higher
d.
on a par with
b
Organization for Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
32. Rates of HIV infection are higher in prisoners.
a.
female
b.
male
c.
juvenile
d.
homosexual
a
Who Is in Prison?
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.05 – Explain who is in prison.
33. Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the:
a.
1950s.
b.
1960s.
c.
1970s.
d.
1990s.
b
Links to the Past
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.01 – Explain how today’s prisons are linked to the past.
34. According to sociologists, the “big house” image of the American prison has:
a.
ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison.
b.
provided us with a deeper understanding of the modern prison.
c.
spawned a great deal of humanitarian reform in the eyes of the public.
d.
created interest in the operations of the modern prison among the general public.
a
Links to the Past
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.01 – Explain how today’s prisons are linked to the past.
35. Until recently, on the question of private prison cost-effectiveness has been lacking.
a.
research
b.
misunderstandings
c.
conflicts
d.
disagreements
a
Organization for Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
c
Who Is in Prison?
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.05 – Explain who is in prison.
36. A majority of all state prisoners throughout the country are housed in prisons.
a.
maximum security
b.
medium security
c.
minimum security
d.
super max
37. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that offenders have had it too soft,
resulting in:
a.
the institution of strict regimes in prisons.
b.
the removal of educational and recreational amenities from prisons.
c.
an increase in the number of people in prison.
d.
all of these.
38. Historically, the has been an innovator in the field of corrections.
a.
Texas Department of Corrections
b.
Illinois Department of Corrections
c.
private prison industry
d.
Federal Bureau of Prisons
d
Organization for Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
39. Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to:
a.
the FBI.
b.
the Secret Service.
c.
the Marshal’s Service.
d.
none of these.
c
Organization for Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
40. According to the authors, the general rule of architecture, including prisons, is that form follows:
a.
freedom.
b.
function.
c.
style.
d.
all of these.
b
The Design and Classification of Prisons
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.05 – Explain who is in prison.
41. Prisons designed to hold the “toughest of the tough” are called:
a.
maximum security prisons.
b.
solitary confinement.
c.
custodial confinement.
d.
super-max prisons.
d
Organization for Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
42. Private enterprise has played a role in American corrections.
a.
never
b.
always
c.
sometimes
d.
only recently
b
Organization for Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
43. Which of the following is NOT one of the three major models of incarceration that have dominated since the 1940s?
a.
custodial
b.
medical
c.
transitional
d.
reintegration
44. The average federal inmate tends to be a white male who has committed a ______________ offense.
a.
violent
b.
drug
c.
property
d.
white collar
b
Organization for Incarceration
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
45. Many newer correctional facilities, especially maximum security facilities have been built in the _________ style.
b
The Design and Classification of Prisons
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.03 – Be familiar with the organization of incarceration.
a.
radial
b.
campus
c.
military
d.
courtyard
46. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic models that account for prison designs of most U.S. prisons?
a.
campus style
b.
telephone-pole
c.
military style
d.
radial
c
The Design and Classification of Prisons
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.04 – Discuss the factors that influence the classification of prisons.
47. State prisons for men are usually classified according to the level of __________________ deemed necessary.
a.
mental health
b.
security
c.
hospital care
d.
retribution
b
The Design and Classification of Prisons
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.04 – Discuss the factors that influence the classification of prisons.
48. In most prisons, the ____________ is an important social place where people talk, groups congregate, and the social
business of the prisons is conducted.
a.
yard
b.
commissary
c.
cafeteria
d.
cell block
a
The Design and Classification of Prisons
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.04 – Discuss the factors that influence the classification of prisons.
d
The Design and Classification of Prisons
ACOR.CLEA.16.10.04 – Discuss the factors that influence the classification of prisons.
49. Maximum security
50. Custodial model
51. Minimum security
52. Radial design
53. Telephone-pole design
54. Courtyard style
55. Campus style
56. Rehabilitation model
57. Reintegration model
58. A prison designed and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is consistent with the
concept of incarceration is a(n) prison.
59. Administrators believe that elderly inmates should remain in the general prison population; however, they
should receive _____ accommodations.
60. A(n) prison is designed and organized to minimize the possibility of escapes and violence, thereby
imposing strict limitations on the freedom of both inmates and visitors.
61. activity among men is one way HIV is transmitted in prison populations.
62. A(n) prison is designed to prevent escapes and violence but in a less rigid atmosphere.
63. appoints the Bureau of Prisons director.
64. During the rehabilitation model many prisons were converted into institutions.
65. The design of a structure should serve the structure’s .
66. The _____________ model of incarceration emphasizes the provision of treatment programs designed to
reform the offender.
67. The ______________ model of incarceration emphasizes security, discipline, and order.
68. The ____________ model of incarceration emphasizes the maintenance of the offender’s ties to family and
the community as a method of reform.
69. The ______________ branch of each state government is responsible for administering its prison system.
70. ________________ is the federal law that established determinate sentencing, reduced good time, and
abolished parole, all of which substantially increased the average length of imprisonment.
71. Most U.S. prisons today utilize the ________________ model of incarceration, which focuses primarily on
security and discipline.
72. The incarceration rate of the ______________ offender is considerably higher that that of the general
population.
73. _________________ allows prisoners to sue public officials for constitutional violations.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Inmates and visitors have a great deal of freedom
b. Newer with functional units located in the entry
c. Central corridor for prisoner movement
d. Treatment programs designed to reform offender
e. Restrictions on inmates/visitors are less strict than maximum security
f. Often used for juveniles and women
g. Emphasizes family and community ties as a method of reform
h. Strict limitations on freedom of inmates/visitors
i. A control center from which to monitor movement
j. Emphasizes security, discipline, and order
74. Medium security
75. List and describe the three most common models of corrections used in the United States. Based on your
reading, which do you believe is most effective? In contrast, which do you believe is least effective? Be sure to
fully explain your answers.
76. Compare the differences between government-run prisons and private prisons. Discuss your perception of
their overall effectiveness toward the inmates and the effects on employees at these facilities. Does one assist
the offender more than the other? If so, how?
Answers will vary.
77. How has the prison population changed over the last 30 years? Describe the differences and how or why
they came about. How do these demographic changes affect corrections? Think about budgets, management,
correctional work, and the prison environment.
78. What is meant by the architectural concept “form follows function”? How does this express itself in
corrections? Describe at least three types of prison architecture and discuss issues associated with each model.