Many observers believe that the relationship between racism and the criminal justice
system is:
a. reciprocal.
b. one-sided.
c. unrecognizable
d. invisible.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes
b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees
c. Mutual transfer of resources
d. Workers who provide programs and services
e. Power between national and state government
f. Method of applying scientific knowledge
g. One of the goals of corrections
h. Common goals influenced by the environment
i.Conforms to the rules of society
j.Manages accused or convicted offenders
Street-level bureaucrats
The rehabilitation model, developed during the 1950s, emphasized treatment programs
designed to reform offenders.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Lease system
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Collective efficacy
The clerk of the court is responsible for preparing the presentence report provided to a
judge prior to sentencing.
a. True
b. False
During the Enlightenment, advances in scientific thinking led to an inquisitive attitude
that emphasized all of the following ideas except for:
a. observation.
b. experimentation.
c. technological development
d. intervention.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. Law of civil society
c. Forced rowing
d. Detention facility
e. Pleasure over pain
f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. Free will and severe punishment
Corporal punishment
Separate confinement was first implemented in:
a. Eastern State Penitentiary.
b. Western State Penitentiary.
c. Auburn Penitentiary.
d. Walnut Street Jail.
Nearly one-fourth of all parolees will fail in the first six months.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT a high-priority need for many offenders released from
prison?
a. marriage/home life
b. education
c. money
d. job
State prisons for men are usually classified according to the level of
__________________ deemed necessary.
a. mental health
b. security
c. hospital care
d. retribution
Disparity of income by racial groups is no longer a basic characteristic of U.S. society.
a. True
b. False
With the increase in the prison population, the percentage of parolees has:
a. decreased.
b. increased.
c. remained static.
d. tapered off.
Which court case established a right to medical treatment while incarcerated?
a. Estelle v. Gamble
b. Terry v. Ohio
c. U.S. v. Gant
d. Gregg v. Georgia
The presence of gangs organized along racial lines contributes to violence in prison.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Contract labor system
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major goals of corrections in the United
States?
a. deterrence
b. incarceration
c. rehabilitation
d. retribution
Judges may use a range of sanctions from those exerting a low level of control
to__________ those exerting a high level of control.
a. truth in sentencing
b. determinate
c. intermediate
d. mandatory
The majority of probationers in the United States today are:
a. white and female.
b. African American and male.
c. white and male.
d. Latino and male.
In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional
rights as:
a. inmates.
b. citizens.
c. human beings.
d. people.
Depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by
detention in prison, is:
a. deterrence.
b. retribution.
c. incapacitation.
d. rehabilitation.
It is unconstitutional to execute someone who committed their crime before they were
18.
a. True
b. False
The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal to:
a. save money.
b. reduce reliance on prisons.
c. reduce crime.
d. both save money and reduce reliance on prisons.
In practice, revocations usually result from a single rule violation.
a. True
b. False
The term________ refers to the belief that one who takes another’s life deserves
punishment equal to the victim’s fate.
a. incapacitation
b. retribution
c. rehabilitation
d. incapacitation
The relationship between staff and prisoners which focuses on material goods and
written correspondence is one of:
a. exchange.
b. violence.
c. power.
d. service.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated
b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway
houses
c. First female prison warden
d. Required for women to regain custody of children
e. Homosexual marriage and kinship
f. First warden of Elmira Reformatory for young men
g. Challenge for women upon release from prison
h. Account for the great increase of women in prison
i. What most distinguishes incarcerated women from incarcerated men
j. Separate treatment-oriented prisons
Nature of offenses
It is said that states with higher violent crime rates have lower levels of imprisonment.
a. True
b. False
Juveniles have a low rate of crime desistence.
a. True
b. False
The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime.
a. True
b. False
Opponents of new prison construction believe that, given the nature of bureaucratic
organizations, prison cells will always be:
a. expensive.
b. filled.
c. rundown.
d. valuable.
A key way to prevent AIDS both inside and outside of a correctional setting is through
knowledge about the virus.
a. True
b. False
Only ________________are released on parole.
The philosophy of juvenile corrections places a higher premium on_________
and_________ .
Today nonperishable food items and _______________ have emerged as the standard
forms of prison currency.
To deal with the growing problem of sexual abuse in prisons, many states have enacted
___________ that prohibit sexual relations with correctional clients.
Parole is deemed a _____________, not a guaranteed right, and thus its revocation is
not subject to due process or rules of evidence.
The mentally ill offender is now recognized as an overgeneralization and
a(n)________ .
Who was John Augustus and how did his efforts change corrections in America? Be
sure to identify the innovations and practices originated by his work. Why were these
developments so remarkable? How have they shaped corrections over a century later?
Answer:Answers will vary.
_________are seven times more likely than whites to have been incarcerated at some
time in a state or federal prison.
List several of the adaptive roles you have read about in your textbook. Upon
identifying several (two or more) roles, consider: If you were a prison inmate, which
adaptive role would you adopt and why? How would you handle the potential for prison
violence?
Answer:Answers will vary.
When social distance breaks down, officers are more prone to commit________
violations.
Locations with a substantial concentration of crime are known as__________ .
Imagine that you have just been released from prison after having served a period of
five years. What are the first things you will do? What problems do you expect to face
upon your reentry into the community? Will it likely be based on your family, work, or
financial position that you will return to prison based on committing additional crimes?
Answer:will vary.
Is a prison a society unto itself? What does it mean to say that there is a prison
subculture? What types of characteristics make up this subculture? Where do the values
of prison society come from? Discuss the various elements that comprise a prison
societymembers, norms, language, etc.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Compliance by threat
b. Compliance for material resources
c. Compliance through manipulation of symbolic rewards
d. Supervisor can oversee limited subordinates effectively
e. Subordinate reports to only one superior
f. Toleration of some actions of inmates to operate the prison
g. Behavior violation of department policy
h. Prison disorder results from weak management
i. Support line personnel
j. In direct contact with the client
Remunerative power
The _____________ model of incarceration emphasizes the provision of treatment
programs designed to reform the offender.
List and explain the various factors that influence the sentencing process. Of these
factors, which do you feel has the most negative effect on the criminal justice system?
on the offender? on the victim? on society in general?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Compliance by threat
b. Compliance for material resources
c. Compliance through manipulation of symbolic rewards
d. Supervisor can oversee limited subordinates effectively
e. Subordinate reports to only one superior
f. Toleration of some actions of inmates to operate the prison
g. Behavior violation of department policy
h. Prison disorder results from weak management
i. Support line personnel
j. In direct contact with the client
Unity of command
Currently within the United States, challenges to_________ are taking place in most
states with an active death penalty.