The argument that African Americans are more criminal than whites by nature:
a. is a fact.
b. is not sustained by the evidence.
c. is sustained by evidence in the court system.
d. shows that racism is well hidden in the criminal justice system.
The Progressives thought it necessary to know the life history of each offender in order
to devise an appropriate treatment plan for that specific individual.
a. True
b. False
Shaming is a new punishment idea that was first used during the early 1900s in both
Europe and the United States.
a. True
b. False
________ are direct descendants of 12th-century English feudal practices.
a. Prisons
b. Bail processes
c. Probation
d. Jails
The House of Shelter became the model for reformatory treatment for female prisons.
a. True
b. False
One impact of the explosive growth of the nation’s prison population is the huge
increase in the number of inmates who are being released into the community after
serving their terms.
a. True
b. False
The community justice strategy of__________ seeks to change the places where crime
occurs.
a. restorative justice
b. community policing
c. environmental crime prevention
d. all of these
Corrections’ main resource is:
a. money.
b. power.
c. personnel.
d. law.
Based on strong support for the use of case management systems, most U.S. probation
officers use case management principles when supervising their probationers.
a. True
b. False
Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate_______ in
prison populations.
a. racial disparities
b. overcrowding
c. gang tensions
d. mental illness
The key consideration that the new generation of correctional leaders will face is how
to redirect an enormous enterprise in need of a new vision.
a. True
b. False
Local correctional workers are:
a. overeducated.
b. paid above average for the criminal justice system.
c. poorly trained.
d. mostly doing clerical work.
Most Americans associate race with crime.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following are factors in a juvenile’s history that indicate a high risk of
delinquency?
a. behavior problems in elementary school
b. drug dealing
c. antisocial parents
d. all of these
Prostitution is considered more a(n) ____________ crime than a sex crime.
a. violent
b. public order
c. economic
d. property
In a typical group of 30 or so young adults, it is likely that_________- has been locked
up.
a. at least five
b. at least one
c. at least half
d. no one
Leadership studies suggest that:
a. good leaders can handle any situation.
b. great leaders are born not made.
c. Winston Churchill is the ideal leader.
d. skills must fit the situation.
The problem of disproportionality is_________ if the problem is not racist people but
disadvantageous rules and practices.
a. more complicated
b. less complicated
c. easy to fix
d. simple
With the exception of those working for corporate and nonprofit organizations,
correctional personnel are:
a. executive personnel
b. public employees.
c. private contractors.
d. management.
Most judges attempt to set high bail amounts for defendants to ensure they stay locked
up until trial, regardless of their offense.
a. True
b. False
The American Correctional Association determines all prison classification in this
country.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior
b. Inequality of treatment
c. A difference explained by legitimate factors
d. Complex concept with changing definitions
e. Cultural characteristics
f. White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks
approaches that of whites
g. Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
h.ommitted a crime in their lifetime
Discrimination
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Prison newcomer
b. Cigarettes
c. Values and norms of the prison social system
d. Goods and services not allowed by prison authorities
e. Where prisoners may purchase certain items
f. Method of learning the prison subculture
g. Construct a life within the prison with little connection to society
h. Take advantage of prison programs
i. Main source of inmate violence
j. semiautonomous institutions
Informal prison “money”
Rates of HIV infection are higher in ________prisoners.
a. female
b. male
c. juvenile
d. homosexual
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. When an ex-offender’s poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse
b. Handle problems with recently released offenders
c. Legal barrier to reentry
d. A small group living facility for offenders
e. The removal of a conviction
f. Violating conditions of parole
g. Act of clemency
h. Criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest
i.Originated in Wisconsin in 1913
j.Regulate non-criminal behavior
Reentry courts
According to the authors, there are now some technological advances in probation to
monitor the actions of probations. These include:
a. iris scans.
b. inserted microchips in the skin.
c. video conferencing.
d. ankle bracelets.
The latest attempt to impose capital punishment in a way that does not offend modern
cultural sensibilities is:
a. the gas chamber.
b. the electric chair.
c. lethal injection.
d. the firing squad.
The number of minority children with fathers in prison or jail is approximately:
a. 500,000.
b. 1 million.
c. 1.5 million.
d. 2 million.
Programs that increase social interpersonal competence and decrease __________ tend
to reduce delinquency.
a. boredom
b. drug involvement
c. school failure
d. sexual experimentation
Cigarettes are still used today as the standard prison currency.
a. True
b. False
Wergild developed as a:
a. barter system.
b. method for the king to bring his subjects directly under his rule.
c. method of treating private wrongs as public crimes.
d. system of compensation for private wrongs committed against another.
When the justice system brings the more serious cases forward for more severe
punishment, it acts as a selective________ .
____________________ refers to the fact that many youths who fail in school end up
in prison.
The doctrine that the aim of all action should be the greatest balance of pleasure over
pain and that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to
outweigh the pain is called__________- .
Since the 1940s, the Supreme Court has maintained that the ______________
Amendment holds a special position in the Bill of Rights because it guarantees those
freedoms essential in a democracy.
The first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons upon authorization by Congress in
1929 was___________.
___________________ refers to the practice of transplanting offenders from the
community to another region or land, often a penal colony.
A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods
no longer than 48 hours is called a __________.
_________________ allows prisoners to sue public officials for constitutional
violations.
Correctional practices affect the community, and community values and expectations in
turn affect corrections. Give an example of each and discuss the reciprocal relationship
between corrections and its environment.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The main resource of corrections is ____________.
According to the authors, what are the three most significant problems facing the
intermediate sanctions movement? Be sure to fully explain each problem in detail.
Next, in your opinion, what can be done to address each issue? Again, be sure to fully
explain your answers.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_______________________ conditions are constraints imposed on the probationer to
force him or her to deal with a significant problem or need, such as substance abuse.
The period known as the ______________________ was a cultural movement in
England and France during the 1700s, when concepts of liberalism, rationality, equality,
and individualism dominated social and political thinking.
Discuss the historical development of parole and indeterminate sentencing. Does either
have a place in the current correctional climate or would we be better off to abolish
them? Defend your answer.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast community justice and criminal justice. Which is more effective?
Which is less effective? Why? Which do you feel best meets the needs of society? Be
sure to fully explain your answer.
Answer:will vary.
The incarceration rate of the ______________ offender is considerably higher that that
of the general population.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachings
b. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professions
c. Assigning types of custody and treatment
d. Emphasizes personal responsibility
e. Create environments that support prosocial behaviors
f. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behavior
g. Face to face with crime’s consequences
h. Contract for prison-made goods at a set price
i. Treatment of the mind
j. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding people
Civil disabilities
Identify and discuss four distinct sanctions for juvenile offenders. Discuss how these
differ from adult sanctions. Which sanction do you feel is the most important for
diverting the following criminal and deviant acts: (1) truancy, (2) drug and alcohol
usage, (3) property crimes, and (4) violent behaviors?
Answer:will vary.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Compliance by threat
b. Compliance for material resources
c. Compliance through manipulation of symbolic rewards
d. Supervisor can oversee limited subordinates effectively
e. Subordinate reports to only one superior
f. Toleration of some actions of inmates to operate the prison
g. Behavior violation of department policy
h. Prison disorder results from weak management
i. Support line personnel
j. In direct contact with the client
Coercive power
Although conceptualized by early English reformers, the penitentiary first appeared in
the United States in the city of ____________, when part of the Walnut Street Jail was
converted to allow for separate confinement.