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True / False
1. Most jails in the United States hold fewer than 50 people.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Jails are the entryway to corrections.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Most jails in the United States have viable rehabilitative programs, and many have professionally trained personnel to
deal with the mental health needs of offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The average delay between arrest and sentencing is more than six months for inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
5. One in seven jails in the United States currently operates under a court order, typically related to overcrowding.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Roughly 75 percent of those currently housed have already been convicted in a criminal court.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Ninety percent of all jail inmates are considered indigent and cannot afford counsel.
a.
True
b.
False
8. One of the problems for pretrial detainees is their physical appearance when they attend court.
a.
True
b.
False
9. The most pressing medical problem in jails is the problem of AIDS and HIV.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Pretrial detainees comprise a large percentage of the U.S. jail population.
a.
True
b.
False
11. To avoid the problems that result from using bail, some jurisdictions have increased their use of citations.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Most judges attempt to set high bail amounts for defendants to ensure they stay locked up until trial, regardless of their
offense.
a.
True
b.
False
13. By far the most successful alternative approach to bail is being released on one’s own recognizance.
a.
True
b.
False
14. According to your authors, for those who do jail time, the process is the punishment.
a.
True
b.
False
15. At present, most U.S. jails are in good financial and physical shape; in fact, many offer better treatment and programs
than most U.S. prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The constant threat of civil litigation has forced jail administrators to develop and implement basic humane practices
for managing offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Out of all of the major components of corrections, jails and the issues surrounding their function and operation tend to
be the most widely studied by academics.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Overall, jail population sizes tend to be:
a.
stable.
b.
small.
c.
variable.
d.
constant.
19. Which of the following pressures are not experienced by the local jail?
a.
The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials.
b.
Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail.
c.
Local offender assistance programs are usually operated by community self-help volunteers.
d.
All of these are experienced by local jails.
20. According to the text, the central purpose of the early jail was:
a.
warehousing the surplus population of immigrants.
b.
detention of those sentenced by the court.
c.
to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials.
d.
to inflict short-term punishment (e.g., corporal punishment) on the offender.
21. Jails are the the formal correctional system.
a.
the most valued part of
b.
exitway from
c.
least expensive part of
d.
entry point into
22. A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each prisoner held per day is:
a.
a welfare system.
b.
a fixed rate system.
c.
a fee system.
d.
a provider system.
23. The United States has just over jails.
a.
1,500
b.
2,800
c.
4,200
d.
1,000
24. According to your text, jail suicides are primarily caused by:
a.
the limited personal space provided in jail facilities.
b.
the crisis nature of arrest and detention.
c.
emotional instability, which is exacerbated by the jail experience.
d.
both the crisis nature of arrest and detention and emotional instability.
25. A common strategy in dealing with offenders with substance dependency problems is:
a.
alcohol detoxification within the jail setting.
b.
placement in a methadone maintenance program.
c.
a steady program of withdrawal within the jail setting.
d.
release to an addiction treatment facility.
26. By far the most successful pretrial release program is:
a.
unsecured bail.
b.
percentage bail.
c.
forfeit bail.
d.
release on recognizance (ROR).
27. Which statement is NOT an argument made against the practice of preventive detention?
a.
It may violate the due process provisions of the Constitution.
b.
It is typically employed only against property offenders.
c.
It is impractical and can be potentially nefarious.
d.
It is difficult to identify those individuals for whom this concept would most aptly apply.
28. Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor of pretrial diversion?
a.
Many offenders cannot be effectively dealt with by the formal criminal justice system.
b.
It is much more humane than traditional criminal justice services.
c.
It does not promote a long-term “label” on offenders like most criminal justice activities.
d.
It is much cheaper than criminal justice processing.
29. According to the authors, which of the following is of particular importance for today’s jail administrators?
a.
quality of prisoner nutrition
b.
quality of recreational programs for offenders
c.
legal liability
d.
all of these
30. are direct descendants of 12th-century English feudal practices.
a.
Prisons
b.
Bail processes
c.
Probation
d.
Jails
31. Almost 60 percent of America’s jails prisoners for at least some of the medical care they receive.
a.
punish
b.
charge
c.
turn away
d.
reprimand
32. Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of:
a.
an increase of youthful male offenders.
b.
overcrowding.
c.
lax correctional supervision.
d.
inappropriate sexuality behind bars.
33. Jails are administered by:
a.
their state’s governor.
b.
the federal government.
c.
locally elected officials.
d.
the Department of Justice.
34. In the 1800s jails began to change in response to:
a.
the penitentiary movement.
b.
the king’s wishes.
c.
capitalism.
d.
overcrowding.
35. Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly:
a.
rehabilitative.
b.
reintegrative.
c.
reinforced.
d.
shaming.
36. The jail rate is highest in the:
a.
East and South.
b.
West and South.
c.
West and North.
d.
East and North.
37. At least people are detained in a jail at some time during the year.
a.
2 to 3 million
b.
4 to 6 million
c.
4 to 6 million
d.
10 million
38. More than half of all jail occupants are:
a.
female.
b.
violent offenders.
c.
awaiting trial.
d.
not guilty.
39. Local correctional workers are:
a.
overeducated.
b.
paid above average for the criminal justice system.
c.
poorly trained.
d.
mostly doing clerical work.
40. Recently, there has been a major emphasis on programs to offenders awaiting trial.
a.
treat
b.
convict
c.
sentence
d.
release
41. Who is less likely to be released on their recognizance?
a.
African Americans
b.
European nationals
c.
Latinos
d.
Whites
42. Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are:
a.
indigent.
b.
middle-class.
c.
elderly.
d.
female.
43. One of the most troubling trends in jails is the rate of incarceration for:
a.
Latinos.
b.
blacks.
c.
blacks
d.
children.
44. Nearly _______________ of all jail inmates have a history of mental problems.
a.
one-half
b.
one-quarter
c.
one-fifth
d.
two-thirds
45. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America’s current jail population?
a.
employed
b.
poor
c.
young
d.
black
46. The ________________ model refers to an innovative jail model that promotes a sense of community among staff and
inmates alike and centers upon rehabilitation.
a.
restorative
b.
community
c.
therapeutic
d.
reintegrative
47. According to your authors, which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers and staff employed in the
United States today?
a.
worst paid
b.
poorly trained
c.
prior criminal history
d.
least educated
Numeric Response
a. Staff has direct contact with offenders
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
48. Bondsman
49. Day reporting center
50. Fee system
51. Bail
52. Direct supervision
53. Electronic monitoring
54. Lockup
55. Prevention detention
56. Therapeutic justice
57. Pretrial diversion
Completion
58. Three-quarters of all jails are operated by an elected official known as a .
59. A majority of inmates are under 35 years old, white, low income, and .
60. Half of all people placed in jail were under the influence of or at the time of arrest.
61. defendants often have higher appearance rates than those freed through bail.
62. The primary personnel problem facing jail administrators is probably a combination of and poor working
conditions.
63. When a program increases the scope of corrections, it is said to be .
64. Eighty percent of the jails in the United States are operated at the level.
65. Detaining the accused in jail to protect the community from possible future crimes by the accused pending trial is
known as .
66. Roughly one-quarter of the occupants in U.S. jails are detainees.
67. The period after arrest and detention is when most inmates commit suicide.
68. ______________ refers to a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly
rehabilitative.
69. _______________ refers to a facility with a podular architectural design and management policies that emphasize
interaction with inmates and staff and provision services.
70. _______________ refers to a facility operated under joint agreement between two or more government units.
71. Jails in the United States descend directly from the country of ________________.
72. ______________ refers to a facility often referred to as a “drunk tank” that is authorized to hold people prior to court
appearances and are usually managed by local municipal police agencies.
73. _________________ refers to a jail system in which jail operations are funded by a set amount paid each day by
prisoners who are being held.
74. Discuss the concept of preventive detention. Why would your state practice this method and what are its intended
benefits? What are the possible negative effects if a state opts not to incorporate preventive detention? In your opinion, do
the potential risks of not incorporating it outweigh the benefits?
75. Discuss the differences between day reporting centers and electronic monitoring. What types of offenders should be
assigned to these facilities versus electronic monitoring, and what are the positive/negative aspects of these types of
monitoring?
76. In your own words, describe the typical demographic profile of a jail inmate found in the United States today. What
are the implications for this typical group found within U.S. jails? What does this say about our current justice system?
77. What is pretrial diversion? List and explain the three main reasons why it tends to be supported as a practice. What do
critics counter? Should pretrial diversion be used more or less frequently? Be sure to fully defend your answer.
78. Discuss the three major issues within jail management. Next, propose a viable solution to each individual issue. What
would be the potential downside of your solution (if any)? Be sure to fully explain.
