Corrections is a means of social:
a. balance.
b. engineering.
c. enslavement.
d. control.
One of the most disturbing aspects of contemporary U.S. society is the increasing
proportion of children who live in poverty.
a. True
b. False
By the 1900s, punishments were carried out under the supervision of:
a. the governor.
b. the king.
c. correctional staff.
d. the victim.
Supporters of incarceration believe that current policies have ____________ in
lowering the crime rate.
a. failed
b. succeeded
c. slightly helped
d. had little impact
The first institution to embody the principles of the Cincinnati Prison Congress was:
a. Sing Sing Prison.
b. Auburn State Penitentiary
c. Elmira Reformatory.
d. Cincinnati City Prison.
Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which
of the following does not overlap with the objectives of the other purposes?
a. rehabilitation
b. deterrence
c. incapacitation
d. retribution
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Noninterference policy
b. Rules created by judges
c. Legal rules regarding agency policies
d. Rules other judges follow with similar cases
e. Laws created by legislatures
f. Lists individual rights
g. Intervention towards an agreed resolution
h. Responsible for compensation of a plaintiff
i. Judicial order
j.Investigates public officials
Hands-off policy
The filing of a writ of habeas corpus is the legal action most commonly used by inmates
to challenge prison and jail conditions.
a. True
b. False
The juvenile corrections system supports_________ decision making.
a. firm
b. discretionary
c. fixed
d. definite
Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or
________circumstances exist.
a. mitigating
b. fixed
c. purposeful
d. exaggerating
More African American men attend colleges and universities than are behind bars.
a. True
b. False
Community-based punishments such as probation and intermediate sanctions are
imposed far more often than prison sentences in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Pretrial detainees comprise a large percentage of the U.S. jail population.
a. True
b. False
The interdependence of people in corrections makes the concept of ______________
important to understanding their daily world.
a. exchange
b. values
c. punishment
d. treatment
In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were:
a. used only for prison maintenance .
b. used for non-profit labor purposes.
c. used for labor for profit by private interests.
d. confined to work in their cells performing meaningless tasks.
One impact of sentencing guidelines is that sentencing discretion has shifted from the
prosecutor to the judge.
a. True
b. False
In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, offenders possess
various________ rights.
a. habeas corpus
b. privacy
c. due process
d. administrative
The medical model of probation was popular in which of the following time periods?
a. the 1920s through 1930s
b. the 1980s through 1990s
c. the 1940s through 1960s
d. the 1970s through 1980s
The ___________ strategy for dealing with prison overcrowding advocates building
new facilities.
a. null
b. get tough
c. jail house
d. construction
The makeup of the inmate community in terms of race, age, and criminal record has
little effect on how institutions are operated.
a. True
b. False
__________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a
utilitarian approach to crime and punishment.
a. Jeremy Bentham
b. John Howard
c. Cesare Beccaria
d. Sir Walter Crofton
Community justice approaches always respect individual rights.
a. True
b. False
Public executions were common until the 1830s, when most were moved inside prison
walls.
a. True
b. False
The _________________ refers to an institution intended to isolate prisoners from
society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and
undergo reformation.
a. panopticon
b. jail
c. reformatory
d. penitentiary
The ideas of inmate classification, parole, and rehabilitative programs were first created
and put into practice at the Elmira Reformatory for boys.
a. True
b. False
________________is a form of treatment that attempts to create an institutional
environment that supports prosocial attitudes and behaviors.
a. Social therapy
b. Transactional analysis
c. Behavior therapy
d. Cognitive skill building
Banishment can best be described as punishment inflicted on the offender’s body with
whips and other devices that cause physical pain and scarring.
a. True
b. False
a. Build our way out of overcrowding
b. Strains staff morale
c. Cheaper than prison
d. Let prisons become more and more crowded
e. Incarceration rate above historical norms
f. African Americans/Hispanics
g. Higher prison populations as a whole
h. Average U.S. incarceration rate from 2000 to 2007
i. Higher rate of imprisonment of specific groups
j.Raw material of corrections
Null strategy
What case was instrumental in ensuring that women’s prisons had programs comparable
to those of male prisons?
a. Bell v. Wolfish
b. Terry v. Ohio
c. Glover v. Johnson
d. Morressey v. Brewer
Legislatures establish the penal codes that set forth the sentences that judges may
impose.
a. True
b. False
Social relationships in women’s prisons appear:
a. more violent than in male prisons.
b. more voluntary than in male prisons.
c. more coerced than in male prisons.
d. none of these
Jails, prisons, probation, and parole all struggle to work effectively together.
a. True
b. False
John Irwin and Donald Cressey suggest that prison subculture encompasses three
subcultures, including a convict, a thief, and a straight.
a. True
b. False
______________________ officers have the most contact with inmates and the greatest
potential for assisting them to change their behavior.
The__________ , the parole bureaucracy, and the experiences of the offender are the
three forces that influence a newly released offender’s adjustment to society.
The term _____________________ was used to describe a house of correction that was
first used during the 16th century in England.
A major criticism of discretionary release is that it has shifted responsibility for primary
criminal justice decisions from the _________________ who holds legal procedures in
high regard, to a(n) ______________, where discretion rules.
Research has shown that problems of violence stem directly from problems of
__________ .
_______________ refers to a facility with a podular architectural design and
management policies that emphasize interaction with inmates and staff and provision
services.
Define and explain what is meant by a writ of habeas corpus. What is its significance
for inmates? Should it be limited? Why or why not? Discuss the changes to habeas
corpus post 9/11.
Answer:Answers will vary
During incarceration, prisoners may be____________________ as they encounter
problems or finish treatment programs.
The_________ alone is not enough to predict whether or not a juvenile offender is
someone whom society should fear.
_________________ refers to a jail system in which jail operations are funded by a set
amount paid each day by prisoners who are being held.
________ refers to legal rules produced by judges’ decisions.
The first independent female-run prison was established in the state of_________ .
New mandatory sentencing law greatly limit the discretion_________ of with regard to
the length of sentences for certain offenses.
Prison ______________ refers to the sound and firm management of inmates and staff.
The most widely used techniques of surveillance and control are established elements
of ____________ programs.
Most correctional administrators find that their greatest frustrations lie in getting other
___________ to avoid actions that severely constrain their ability to function.
The parole officer’s style has been referred to as one of the two ______________
conditions of supervision.
A child who is not receiving proper care because of an action or inaction of parents is
a_________ .
Prison gangs are also referred to as ___________ .
Scholars point to the____________as the first comprehensive statement of prohibited
behavior.