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True / False
1. Advocates of women’s reformatories favored rural correctional institutions in areas away from the
unwholesome conditions of the city.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Vaginal examinations are frequently conducted by correctional officers to discover contraband.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Until 1970 most women inmates were housed in the same prisons and treated essentially the same as men.
a.
True
b.
False
4. When their mothers are in prison, most children are placed in foster care.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The House of Shelter became the model for reformatory treatment for female prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Imprisoned mothers have difficulty maintaining contact with their children.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Women are generally more receptive and responsive to prison-based programs than their male counterparts.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Female inmates tend to segregate themselves by race.
a.
True
b.
False
9. When female inmates are sexually abused, their abuser is generally a corrections officer.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Sarah Doremus and Abby Gibbons formed the Women’s Prison Association in New York to improve living
conditions for female offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
11. There are now more than 100,000 female offenders incarcerated in our nation’s prison system.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Women account for roughly half of all arrests for serious crimes tabulated by the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Female offenders have traditionally received tougher sentences than men for similar offenses.
a.
True
b.
False
14. In the early 1800s, reformers began to press for separate confinement facilities and programs for female offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Today, most women’s prisons in the U.S. resemble college campuses in size and structure.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Until 1870, most women inmates in the United States were housed in the same prisons and treated essentially the same
as their male counterparts.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Female offenders, much like males, adhere to a strict inmate code of behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
18. According to the authors, in the correctional system women are known as the:
a.
fragile offenders.
b.
minority offenders.
c.
pink-collar offenders.
d.
forgotten offenders.
19. Approximately what percent of women released from incarceration have nowhere to go and must find a
place to live?
a.
10 to 20 percent
b.
60 to 70 percent
c.
30 to 50 percent
d.
80 to 90 percent
20. The majority of correctional budgets goes to institutions for:
a.
women.
b.
men.
c.
mothers.
d.
the mentally ill.
21. The growth rate in the number of incarcerated women:
a.
is well below that of men.
b.
remains steady.
c.
exceeds that of men.
d.
has not been calculated.
22. In comparison to men’s facilities, women’s prisons have:
a.
more available programming.
b.
more varied programming.
c.
similar programming.
d.
less programming.
23. Until 1870 women inmates in the United States were generally treated:
a.
with dignity .
b.
less harshly than men
c.
the same as men.
d.
more harshly than men.
24. The increase in the number of women in prison has:
a.
had little impact on how facilities are run.
b.
disturbed the public.
c.
significantly affected the delivery of programs.
d.
concerned politicians
25. What case was instrumental in ensuring that women’s prisons had programs comparable to those of male
prisons?
a.
Bell v. Wolfish
b.
Terry v. Ohio
c.
Glover v. Johnson
d.
Morressey v. Brewer
26. Prison-based programs designed for women often include which of the following?
a.
construction
b.
maintenance
c.
food service
d.
firefighting
27. Inside women’s facilities there has been a recent escalation of:
a.
diverse programming.
b.
sexual misconduct by female officers.
c.
sexual misconduct by male officers.
d.
violence.
28. When compared to men, the offenses women commit are usually:
a.
more violent.
b.
more self-destructive.
c.
less serious.
d.
less expensive.
29. Traditionally, women have received treatment from judges.
a.
chivalrous
b.
discriminatory
c.
equal
d.
neglectful
30. In 1844, the was created with the goal of improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating
them from male prisoners.
a.
Women’s Improvement Organization
b.
Women’s Benevolence Association
c.
Women’s Prison Association
d.
Women’s Prisoner Improvement Society
31. Which of the following is an advantage to the families formed by female inmates?
a.
They relieve the tensions of prison life.
b.
They assist in the socialization of the new inmate.
c.
They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules.
d.
all of these
32. Generally, women’s prisons lack vocational and educational programs, and also:
a.
nutritional services.
b.
recreational services.
c.
medical services.
d.
all of these
33. Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were:
a.
segregated from males and other prisoners in jails but not prisons.
b.
segregated in prisons but not jails.
c.
not given corporal punishment as men were.
d.
housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were.
34. The justification for the lack of diverse educational, vocational, and other programs for incarcerated women
is that:
a.
there is not enough money to go around.
b.
women’s sentences are generally short.
c.
they do not have the educational background necessary.
d.
there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail.
35. Which of the following was a Quaker and the first to press for changes in the treatment of sentenced women
and children?
a.
Elizabeth Heffernan
b.
Elizabeth Fry
c.
Elizabeth Glaser
d.
Elizabeth Franklin
36. Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women’s wing at Sing Sing from 1844 to 1848, tried to implement
reform ideas for female prisoners and:
a.
was able to achieve limited success.
b.
was met with resistance from the community.
c.
was largely ignored by the community.
d.
was thwarted by male overseers and legislators.
37. Approximately of female inmates are currently incarcerated for violent offenses.
a.
1/3
b.
3/4
c.
1/2
d.
1/5
38. The differences between male and female prison subcultures have been attributed to the nurturing,
qualities of women.
a.
educational
b.
vocational
c.
psychological
d.
maternal
39. The design of most women’s prisons is the:
a.
telephone-pole design.
b.
radial design.
c.
tier design.
d.
campus design.
40. Social relationships in women’s prisons appear:
a.
more violent than in male prisons.
b.
more voluntary than in male prisons.
c.
more coerced than in male prisons.
d.
none of these
41. Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women’s prison movement and advocated for which of the following?
a.
useful employment of prisoners
b.
separation of sexes
c.
classification systems for inmates
d.
all of these
42. When women are released to the community, many must deal with which of the following?
a.
being poor
b.
regaining custody of children
c.
drug addiction
d.
all of these
43. Which of the following is NOT one of the four main issues found within female prisons?
a.
medical services
b.
suicide rates
c.
sexual misconduct
d.
educational and vocational programming
44. In 1927, the first female federal prison opened in:
a.
Elmira, NY.
b.
Paducah, KY.
c.
Brookville, PA.
d.
Alderson, WV.
45. ___________________ refers to any behavior that is sexual in nature and that is directed toward an inmate, employee,
official visitor, or agency representative.
a.
Sexual misconduct
b.
Sexual assault
c.
Sexual compliance
d.
Sexual coercion
46. When compared to their male offenders, female prisoners typically have ___________ prior convictions before their
current sentence.
a.
more
b.
equal amount of
c.
fewer
d.
no
47. Which of the following is NOT one of most important issues facing women who have completed their prison sentence
and are about to be released back to their communities?
a.
lack of family support
b.
lost custody of children
c.
no housing
d.
substance abuse histories
Numeric Response
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated
b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway houses
c. First female prison warden
d. Required for women to regain custody of children
e. Homosexual marriage and kinship
f. First warden of Elmira Reformatory for young men
g. Challenge for women upon release from prison
h. Account for the great increase of women in prison
i. What most distinguishes incarcerated women from incarcerated men
j. Separate treatment-oriented prisons
48. Pseudofamilies
49. Mary B. Harris
50. Elizabeth G. Fry
51. Community corrections
52. Stable housing
53. The reformatory
54. Nature of offenses
55. Drug offenses
56. Financially poor
57. Zebulon Brockway
58. The ____________ movement advocated for separation for women prisoners from men, differential care,
and female staff.
59. Women’s prisons are located generally farther from and .
60. The Human Rights Watch report noted that the majority of correctional officers in women’s prison are
.
61. In recent years, women who were sexually harassed or assaulted have brought ____________ lawsuits
against correctional institutions/officials.
62. Women make up a proportion of the prison population.
63. was the first person to advocate for changes in the treatment of sentenced women and children.
64. The first independent female-run prison was established in the state of .
65. Female inmates traditionally receive sentences than men for similar offenses.
66. It is argued that the small number of women incarcerated justifies the lack of , vocational, and other
programs.
67. Incarcerated women account for approximately percent of the federal and state prison population.
68. The arrest rates for women have increased more than those for men over the past decade, especially for __________
and larceny.
69. Starting in the 1870s, the ______________________ movement took hold as reformers sought to create separate
“feminine” institutions for female offenders to isolate them from the unwholesome conditions of the city.
70. Most modern female prisons in the United States today were designed to resemble a _________________.
71. ________________ offenses seem to be the number one contributor to the great increase of women in prison.
72. Effective programming begins with effective ______________ in terms of housing assignments, therapeutic
approaches, and educational and vocational opportunities.
73. A major difference between male and female prison subcultures is _____________ _______________.
74. To deal with the growing problem of sexual abuse in prisons, many states have enacted ___________ that prohibit
sexual relations with correctional clients.
75. There has been an apparent rise in the number of women arrested for certain offenses. Please list and explain
these particular offenses and the impact they have had on the female correctional population. Finally, how has
the corrections system responded to this growth and do you agree with their response strategy?
76. Women are often referred to as “the forgotten offenders.” Discuss how they’ve come to receive this title. In
what ways are they forgotten? Describe the way that sexism has impacted the experiences of women offenders.
77. Identify and explain at least three distinct problems or challenges women face upon release from prison.
Discuss how each of these distinct issues affects women’s ability to succeed on the outside. What if anything is
the corrections system doing to address these problems?
78. Discuss the distinct issues facing imprisoned mothers and their children. Why is this issue of importance?
Describe the types of programming that exist for incarcerated mothers. Discuss problems and issues associated
with the programs you have identified. What do you think the system should do for incarcerated mothers and
their children?
