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True / False
1. Most women believe rape is a violation emotionally, physically, and rationally as well as a degrading act of violence.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Most sexual offenses occur between strangers.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Deinstitutionalization allows offenders the ability to also use affect treatment strategies in the community.
a.
True
b.
False
4. It would be safe to say that significant numbers of correctional clients have a history of heavy drinking.
a.
True
b.
False
5. It would be safe to say that classification decisions are not, on the whole, subject to sociopolitical pressures.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Generally, mentally ill persons represent a greater risk of committing violent crimes than the population as a whole.
a.
True
b.
False
7. One correctional policy decision that may influence who becomes a correctional client is that street crimes warrant
more attention from police.
a.
True
b.
False
8. One-fourth of those convicted of a crime receive a community sentence such as a fine or probation.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Every offender assigned to correction is unique; no two offenders are exactly alike.
a.
True
b.
False
10. A key way to prevent AIDS both inside and outside of a correctional setting is through knowledge about the virus.
a.
True
b.
False
11. More than 3 percent of the U.S. population is currently under some form of correctional control.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Due to prison overcrowding, correctional officials and parole boards believe that situational offenders are most
appropriate for early release because they typically pose a minimal threat to the public.
a.
True
b.
False
13. A person who has been convicted of three or more offenses is now considered to be a situational offender.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Sex offenders usually seek out strangers as their targets.
a.
True
b.
False
15. A classification system that has a significant amount of overlap is able give correctional administrators guidance about
appropriate treatment for offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Classification systems apply a set of subjective criteria to all inmates in order to arrive at an appropriate classification.
a.
True
b.
False
17. The public’s response to crime frequently makes classification an emotionally charged issue.
a.
True
b.
False
18. of those convicted receive a community sentence such as a fine or probation.
a.
Two-thirds
b.
One-half
c.
One-third
d.
One-quarter
19. _________ offenders are more likely to seek solitude.
a.
Situational
b.
Elderly
c.
Drug abuser
d.
Habitual
20. The offender is most likely to be the object of exploitation and practical jokes while incarcerated.
a.
situational
b.
career
c.
mentally handicapped
d.
alcohol
21. When we talk about characteristics associated with criminal offenders, we can conclude that:
a.
there is much diversity with respect to the backgrounds of prisoners.
b.
on the whole, while unique differences do exist, there are still many similarities among prisoners.
c.
it is difficult (if not impossible) to make any general statements about criminal offenders.
d.
most offenders are very violent and dangerous, and as a result, deserve some form of incarceration.
22. According to your text, situational offenders pose many problems for the correctional system. Which of the following
has been identified as a problem with these offenders?
a.
They will generally repeat the offense in the future.
b.
They are extremely difficult to rehabilitate.
c.
Their crimes are usually less serious than most crimes committed by other offenders.
d.
They are the most problematic and violent prisoners in the inmate social system.
23. Half of those entering state prisons are years old.
a.
between 25 and 32
b.
younger than 18
c.
between 18 and 27
d.
older than 35
24. A person who has committed a sexual act prohibited by law is known as a:
a.
career criminal.
b.
situational offender.
c.
elderly offender.
d.
sex offender.
25. Correctional clients, as a group, seem to the rest of society.
a.
differ greatly from
b.
be similar to
c.
vastly like
d.
be indistinguishable from
26. The drug abuser presents problems for corrections
a.
indistinct and hardly any
b.
classification and organizational
c.
very few significant
d.
both treatment and management
27. The treatment program that has consistently proven to be successful for the alcohol abuser in general population but
less successful for those in the correctional population is:
a.
psychotherapy.
b.
milieu therapy.
c.
group counseling.
d.
Alcoholics Anonymous.
28. A convicted sex offender would commonly fall under which of the following subclasses?
a.
a rapist
b.
a prostitute
c.
a child molester
d.
any of the these
29. The decision to is a factor influencing the filtering process:
a.
pigeonhole
b.
grant bail
c.
violate the law
d.
acquit
30. In a typical group of 30 or so young adults, it is likely that has been locked up.
a.
at least five
b.
at least one
c.
at least half
d.
no one
31. The majority of offenses committed by mentally handicapped people are classified as _____________ or public order
crimes.
a.
sex
b.
property
c.
violent
d.
drug
32. The most slippery concept in the classification of offenders is that of the:
a.
career criminal.
b.
violent.
c.
sex offender.
d.
mentally ill.
33. Most sexual offenses do not involve:
a.
violence.
b.
drugs or alcohol.
c.
acquaintances.
d.
the police.
34. In classifying offenders, correctional administrators put them into groups based on:
a.
their needs for treatment.
b.
risk.
c.
security issues they pose to the prison.
d.
all of these.
35. One key method shown to prevent AIDS transmission is through:
a.
education.
b.
passing out condoms.
c.
prohibiting homosexual behavior.
d.
legalizing drugs.
36. Correctional treatment programs have proven to be most effective with:
a.
compulsive and habitual drug abusers.
b.
pedophiles.
c.
career criminals.
d.
none of these.
37. Programs that deal with mentally handicapped offenders have recently focused on:
a.
incapacitation.
b.
rehabilitation.
c.
deinstitutionalization.
d.
drug therapy.
38. References to “types” of offenders means they:
a.
are easily stereotyped because their actions are so similar.
b.
are fairly predictable for purposes of parole.
c.
share important characteristics even though they vary in others.
d.
behave very similarly for purposes of prediction.
39. Most people would hardly call their own job a if they had been seen at work only three or four times.
a.
habit
b.
career
c.
passion
d.
calling
40. To combat ambiguities in classification, correctional administrators have started using:
a.
more subjective criteria in an attempt to successfully predict future criminal behavior.
b.
expanded criteria to admit all relevant facts and use those facts involved in the case.
c.
a limited number of factors pertaining to substance abuse.
d.
classification systems that recognize similarities and differences between offenders.
41. In recent years, America’s prison population has been:
a.
getting younger.
b.
aging.
c.
shrinking.
d.
expanding.
42. More prisoners receive sentences in the United States than in any other Western nation.
a.
life
b.
community
c.
short
d.
lengthy
43. The central problem with the mental health model of criminality is that we:
a.
are too lenient on these offenders.
b.
cannot read people’s minds.
c.
spend too much on these offenders.
d.
should not incarcerate those who are ill.
44. Although the mere act of ______________ is not considered a serious offense, the collateral acts of predatory crime
and violence are considered quite serious.
a.
stealing
b.
consensual sex with a minor
c.
vandalism
d.
drug abuse
45. Prostitution is considered more a(n) ____________ crime than a sex crime.
a.
violent
b.
public order
c.
economic
d.
property
46. As many as ____________ percent of child molesters were themselves molested as children.
a.
10
b.
90
c.
25
Numeric Response
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Apply objective criteria to all prisoners
b. IQs of less than 70
c. Person who sees criminality as their life
d. Mental patient returns to the community
e. Julie Schenecker is one
f. Confined for life or until cured
g. Classification based on possible future criminal conduct
h. Classification based on appropriate correctional treatment
i. Classification based on seriousness of crime
j. Person who spends more than 10 years incarcerated
47. Deinstitutionalization
48. Civil commitment
49. Classification systems
50. Offense criteria
51. Risk criteria
52. Situational offender
53. Career criminal
54. Mentally handicapped
55. Long-term prisoner
56. Program criteria
Completion
57. offenders have been convicted of violent crimes or drug offenses.
58. Factors influencing the filtering process through the correctional system include department policy and .
59. Martin and Yablonsky describe a(n) ___________ offender as one who made a mistake and paid a debt to society for
that mistake.
60. ___________ is more an economic crime than a sexual crime.
61. produce more disastrous consequences than heroin addicts.
62. We can view the criminal justice system as a(n) , because it operates as a large offender selection bureaucracy.
63. One of the most successful alcohol treatment programs having shown effectiveness is .
64. The mentally ill offender is now recognized as an overgeneralization and a(n) .
65. A person who in a particular set of circumstances has violated the law but is not normally given to criminal behavior
and who is unlikely to repeat the offense is the .
66. When the justice system brings the more serious cases forward for more severe punishment, it acts as a selective
.
67. The ____________________ is often the most despised offender in court and in prison.
68. The term __________ refers to a person who sees crime as a way of earning a living and has numerous contacts with
the law throughout his/her life.
69. Once a person is __________________, a range of punishments of escalating severity may be imposed.
70. Due to prison overcrowding, correctional officials believe that __________ offenders are most appropriate for early
release because these offenders typically pose little or no threat to the public.
71. While only 2 percent of the U.S. adult population abuses drugs, over ___________ percent of those in prison admit to
doing so.
72. The term __________________ offender describes a person whose behavior may be traced to a diminished or
otherwise abnormal capacity to think or reason.
Essay
73. Compare the situational offender to the career criminal. What are the main differences and what are their similarities?
74. Long-term inmates face three major issues while they are incarcerated. List and explain all three issues and how
inmates are affected by them.
75. Describe the classification process as it pertains to the U.S. correctional system. Explain the value and importance for
both the inmates and staff.
76. Identify the two reasons why the prison population is aging. What consequences does this have for corrections? What
distinct advantages and challenges does the elderly inmate present? Should we continue to incarcerate people past a
certain age? Why or why not?
77. Define what is meant by “mentally ill offender.” Discuss the changes that have occurred over time regarding this type
of inmate and the foreseeable changes in the future for corrections classification process.
