The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in
Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the ____________ system of
corrections.
a. the congregate
b. inmate labor
c. the separate confinement
d. contract-lease
One of the major reasons England and Europe resorted to sending offenders to the
“New World” was that their prisons and houses of corrections were overcrowded.
a. True
b. False
Since 1980, the percentage of inmates serving time for violent offenses has declined
while the number incarcerated for drug offenses has increased substantially.
a. True
b. False
As a social institution, corrections reflects the vision and concerns of the:
a. government.
b. larger community.
c. warden and administrators.
d. sentencing judges.
The underlying goal of the halfway house is to provide a period of adjustment that
allows the offender to become reconnected to the outside world while still being
maintained in a structured environment.
a. True
b. False
Which if the following is NOT a main category of U.S. prison violence?
a. prisoner”officer
b. prisoner”prisoner
c. staff”prisoner
d. officer”prisoner
A new force for steady correctional growth and development that is likely to outstrip
professional associations and government agencies is:
a. you.
b. the media.
c. professors of criminal justice.
d. comprehensive research.
The practice of removing offenders from the community to another land was known as:
a. benefit of clergy.
b. galley slavery.
c. wergild.
d. transportation.
When groups are treated differently without regard to their behavior or qualifications,
_______ occurs.
a. racism
b. homogeneity
c. ethnic cleansing
d. discrimination
Corrections has a non-reciprocal relationship with its environment (i.e., society).
a. True
b. False
Compared to the 1970s, those who go to prison serve sentences that are:
a. nearly twice as short.
b. nearly twice as long.
c. nearly identical.
d. incomparable.
Staff personnel usually work under the deputy warden, handling accounting, training,
and purchasing.
a. True
b. False
a. Build our way out of overcrowding
b. Strains staff morale
c. Cheaper than prison
d. Let prisons become more and more crowded
e. Incarceration rate above historical norms
f. African Americans/Hispanics
g. Higher prison populations as a whole
h. Average U.S. incarceration rate from 2000 to 2007
i. Higher rate of imprisonment of specific groups
j.Raw material of corrections
Feature of mass imprisonment
In Atkins v. Virginia the Supreme Court ruled that:
a. executing the mentally retarded is unconstitutional.
b. discrimination must be proven in each case.
c. the death penalty is unconstitutional.
d. bifurcated trials are constitutional.
_________seeks to re-establish victim, offender, and community to a level of
functioning that existed before the criminal event.
a. Community justice
b. Restorative function
c. Community surveillance
d. Restorative justice
Predictive studies calculate that the future prison population of the United States is
likely to:
a. finally stop growing.
b. increase steadily.
c. shrink.
d. remain stable.
Almost 60 percent of America’s jails prisoners________ for at least some of the medical
care they receive.
a. punish
b. charge
c. turn away
d. reprimand
The case law since Furman indicates capital punishment is legal as long as it is imposed
fairly.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Failure to abide by rules and conditions of probation
b. Fines, community service, restitution
c. Reporting to the probation office a change of address
d. Establishes goals for supervision and evaluates
e. Constraints to deal with a significant problem/need
f. The first to provide bail for defendants
g. Formal obligation to perform an act within the community
h. Judge can suspend a sentence for good behavior
i. Method for increasing the effectiveness of correctional treatment
j. Approach crime from a problem-solving perspective
Judicial reprieve
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Inmates and visitors have a great deal of freedom
b. Newer with functional units located in the entry
c. Central corridor for prisoner movement
d. Treatment programs designed to reform offender
e. Restrictions on inmates/visitors are less strict than maximum security
f. Often used for juveniles and women
g. Emphasizes family and community ties as a method of reform
h. Strict limitations on freedom of inmates/visitors
i. A control center from which to monitor movement
j. Emphasizes security, discipline, and order
Reintegration model
Custodial employees make up the majority of an institution’s personnel.
a. True
b. False
a. A range of correctional management strategies
b. Incarceration followed by sentence reduction
c. Sanctions can be calibrated and made equivalent
d. Designed for young offenders
e. Compensation for loss
f. Penalty based on an offender’s income
g. Free labor as compensation
h. Government seizes assets used in criminal activity
i. Potential loss to victim/system
j. Targets offenders subject to incarceration
Community Service
The term wergild focuses on which of the following?
a. rehabilitation for offenders
b. money paid to relatives or victims of a crime
c. educational programs
d. vocational programs
Identifying different areas where crime is most concentrated is known as:
a. neighborhood watch.
b. crime mapping.
c. community policing.
d. proactive approach.
Which case allowed inmates to sue state officials for brutality, inadequate medical care
and nutrition, theft of personal property, and the denial of basic rights?
a. Cooper v. Pate
b. Terry v. Ohio
c. Carroll v United States
d. Gregg v. Georgia
Incarceration, the death penalty, and probation all may have more than one intended
goal behind their implementation.
a. True
b. False
As states deal with severe budgetary problems, the future of private prisons is:
a. secure.
b. positive.
c. assured.
d. uncertain.
In Boumediene v. Bush, the Court ruled that the detainees at Guantanamo Bay are
entitled to:
a. a lawyer.
b. challenge the conditions of their confinement.
c. one hour of exercise a day.
d. file writs of habeas corpus.
The cost of maintaining a(n)___________ inmate is much higher than costs associated
with other incarcerated populations.
a. elderly
b. minority
c. female
d. male
Most of those in charge of today’s corrections system would argue that what we are
doing is:
a. effective.
b. self-destructive.
c. fair.
d. reasonable.
A ________________ system refers to a labor system in which prison inmates work on
public construction and maintenance projects.
a. state-use
b. piece price
c. public account
d. public works and ways
The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is:
a. radial design.
b. telephone pole design.
c. campus style.
d. courtyard style.
Most prisons employ a________ model.
a. rehabilitative
b. reintegration
c. retributive
d. custodial