African Americans make up 40 percent of the prison population but _________of all
U.S. residents.
a. 5 percent
b. 13 percent
c. 25 percent
d. 32 percent
The growth of new and innovative community justice projects has been remarkably:
a. slow.
b. fast.
c. unwelcome.
d. measured.
The effectiveness of parole supervision has been found to be strong in regard to the
reduction of recidivism.
a. True
b. False
Within 40 years of their initiation, penitentiaries had become overcrowded,
understaffed, and minimally financed.
a. True
b. False
__________ conditions provide constraints on some probationers to force them to deal
with a significant problem and need such as substance abuse.
a. Standard
b. Technical
c. Treatment
d. Punitive
Systems learn, grow, and improve according to what?
a. policies
b. procedures
c. feedback
d. laws
___________ supervision will likely continue to grow in popularity.
a. Punitive
b. Medical
c. Decreased reliance on
d. Specialization of
States with higher unemployment have a higher prison population.
a. True
b. False
One factor in the prison inmate code is not interfering with other inmates’ interests.
a. True
b. False
PSIs disallow victim impact statements describing their emotional and financial losses
due to the offender’s action.
a. True
b. False
An emphasis on __________is what matters most in the philosophy of a parole agency.
a. control
b. policy
c. rehabilitation
d. reintegration
The reformatory movement emphasized education and __________________ , and on
the basis of an inmate’s successful participation in both could conceivably earn him/her
early release.
a. training
b. religion
c. treatment
d. penance
According to the authors, the most costly correctional resource is:
a. the prison.
b. intermediate sanctions.
c. probation.
d. intensive supervision probation.
The courts have upheld the right of female corrections officers to pat down:
a. only female prisoners.
b. only male prisoners.
c. male prisoners when a male officer is also present.
d. both male and female prisoners.
Which of the following correctional changes can be attributed to the prisoners’ rights
movement?
a. improvement in institutional living conditions and administrative practices of many
prisons
b. review by correctional officials of many of their procedures and organizational
structures
c. both of these
d. neither of these
A day fine lets wealthier offenders off easier than it does the poor since those who have
the means can escape formal punishment.
a. True
b. False
The civil rights movement had no effect on prisoners.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Crime control model
America’s oldest prison was built in 1798. This prison was located in what city in New
Jersey?
a. Dalton
b. Trenton
c. Wilmington
d. Wilbur
A form of power that stresses the application or threat of physical force is known as:
a. coercive power.
b. normative power.
c. physical power.
d. remunerative power.
The majority of correctional budgets goes to institutions for:
a. women.
b. men.
c. mothers.
d. the mentally ill.
_________is based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitative
programs.
a. Conditional release
b. Discretionary release
c. Mandatory release
d. Expirational release
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated
b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway
houses
c. First female prison warden
d. Required for women to regain custody of children
e. Homosexual marriage and kinship
f. First warden of Elmira Reformatory for young men
g. Challenge for women upon release from prison
h. Account for the great increase of women in prison
i. What most distinguishes incarcerated women from incarcerated men
j. Separate treatment-oriented prisons
Community corrections
Which of the following countries has not abolished the death penalty?
a. France
b. Germany
c. China
d. Australia
Prisoner education is more available and often required for which group of offenders?
a. nonviolent offenders
b. juvenile offenders
c. older offenders
d. mentally healthy offenders
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes
b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees
c. Mutual transfer of resources
d. Workers who provide programs and services
e. Power between national and state government
f. Method of applying scientific knowledge
g. One of the goals of corrections
h. Common goals influenced by the environment
i.Conforms to the rules of society
j.Manages accused or convicted offenders
System
The cost of custody in a juvenile training school is usually double that for an adult in
prison.
a. True
b. False
In most Western democracies the death penalty has been:
a. streamlined.
b. impartial.
c. abolished.
d. humanitarian.
Discrimination occurs when criminal justice officials either directly or indirectly treat
people differently because of their race, ethnicity, gender, or class.
a. True
b. False
Evaluations of intensive supervision found that probation officers uncovered more rules
violations than they did in regular probation.
a. True
b. False
Compare the differences between government-run prisons and private prisons. Discuss
your perception of their overall effectiveness toward the inmates and the effects on
employees at these facilities. Does one assist the offender more than the other? If so,
how?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The forced rowing of large ships as a form of early punishment was known as
_______________.
Certain positions in the prison society enhance opportunities for _______________,
inmates who become businessmen in the prison underworld.
_____________________ refers to actions and practices of individuals and institutions
that are designed to induce conformity with the rules and norms of society.
The ability to influence a person’s actions in a desired direction without resorting to
force is known as__________ .
Twenty-five years ago, the “three P’s”probation, prisons, and paroledominated
correctional practice. Today all kinds of activities come under the heading of
corrections. Identify at least three other practices or programs that are considered part
of corrections. Discuss how their existence has fostered the growth of corrections.
Answer:Answers will vary.
According to research findings, states with higher _________have higher prison
populations.
The medical model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior is
caused by social, psychological, or biological deficiencies that require .
The arrest rates for women have increased more than those for men over the past
decade, especially for __________ and larceny.
A _________________ is an institution that is created for young offenders that
emphasizes education and training, a mark system of classification, parole, and
indeterminate sentences.
The 19th-century sociologist ____________________ argued that crime is normal and
that punishment performs the important function of spotlighting societal rules and
values.
___________and loss of privileges or good time are the sanctions most often imposed
for violating institutional rules.
The problem of ___________ in corrections is one of interdependence and
coordination.
The disparity between ___________ and punishment patterns is key to the claim by
some scholars that the criminal justice system is biased against minority groups.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Compliance by threat
b. Compliance for material resources
c. Compliance through manipulation of symbolic rewards
d. Supervisor can oversee limited subordinates effectively
e. Subordinate reports to only one superior
f. Toleration of some actions of inmates to operate the prison
g. Behavior violation of department policy
h. Prison disorder results from weak management
i. Support line personnel
j. In direct contact with the client
Span of control
_______________ refers to a facility operated under joint agreement between two or
more government units.