Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Objective standard for defense counsel
b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime
c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim’s fate
d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional
e. Developed in the late 1970s
f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing
g. Execution of the insane
h. Circumstances that invite mercy
i. Reinstituted death penalty
j.Death penalty unconstitutional
Aggravating
In recent years, America’s prison population has been:
a. getting younger.
b. aging.
c. shrinking.
d. expanding.
_____________________ is a system of government in which power and responsibility
are divided between a national government and state governments.
a. Socialism
b. Monarchy
c. Federalism
d. Oligarchy
In the past decade, many have argued that the needs of the victim and the community
should be the focus of punishment goals.
a. True
b. False
Offender community service gives sanctions to offenders and restores victims and their
communities.
a. True
b. False
An innovative neighborhood-based approach to reducing crime and increasing public
safety is:
a. restorative justice.
b. community justice.
c. community surveillance.
d. broken windows theory.
When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal
career, their adaptive role is known as:
a. jailing.
b. gleaning.
c. hustling.
d. doing time.
Many observers believe the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system
is reciprocal.
a. True
b. False
There have always been more African American men in prison than in college.
a. True
b. False
The central problem with the mental health model of criminality is that we:
a. are too lenient on these offenders.
b. cannot read people’s minds.
c. spend too much on these offenders.
d. should not incarcerate those who are ill.
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America’s current jail
population?
a. employed
b. poor
c. young
d. black
What category of personnel comprises the majority of an institution’s employees?
a. custodial
b. industry
c. professional
d. program
Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to:
a. the FBI.
b. the Secret Service.
c. the Marshal’s Service.
d. none of these.
Which of the following is considered a non-rehabilitative program for prisoners?
a. recreation
b. prison maintenance
c. GED classes
d. prison industry
People who undertake careers in corrections do so because they find the field an
excellent place to express their most cherished values.
a. True
b. False
According to the text, the central purpose of the early jail was:
a. warehousing the surplus population of immigrants.
b. detention of those sentenced by the court.
c. to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials.
d. to inflict short-term punishment (e.g., corporal punishment) on the offender.
An example of a status offense is:
a. not doing homework.
b. not cleaning the house.
c. running away.
d. talking back to parents.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. Law of civil society
c. Forced rowing
d. Detention facility
e. Pleasure over pain
f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. Free will and severe punishment
Galley slavery
Probation centers are where persistent probation violators reside for short periods of
time.
a. True
b. False
Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses?
a. alcohol
b. misdemeanor
c. felony
d. d. drug
Another name for the medieval practice of banishment is “relocation.”
a. True
b. False
Overcrowded prisons may violate:
a. the First Amendment.
b. the Fourth Amendment.
c. the Sixth Amendment.the Sixth Amendment.
d. the Eighth Amendment.
Most women believe rape is a violation emotionally, physically, and rationally as well
as a degrading act of violence.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior
b. Inequality of treatment
c. A difference explained by legitimate factors
d. Complex concept with changing definitions
e. Cultural characteristics
f. White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks
approaches that of whites
g. Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
h.ommitted a crime in their lifetime
Ethnicity
Which state has the highest incarceration rate among all the states?
a. Texas
b. Florida
c. New York
d. Louisiana
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Social Disorganization
Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary strategies for dealing with
overcrowded prisons?
a. get tough
b. intermediate sanctions
c. null
d. construction
The first case recognized by the Supreme Court which recognized prisoners’ rights
involved a case of:
a. brutality and physical conditions
b. challenges to convictions.
c. due process.
d. medical treatment.
Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for:
a. women.
b. juveniles.
c. men.
d. misdemeanants.
Ever since the landmark works of ________ and _________, criminologists have
realized that crimes tend to concentrate in certain areas.
a. Cullen and Spohn
b. Sutherland and Cressey
c. Copes and Klenowski
d. Shaw and McKay
Which of the following is an advantage to the families formed by female inmates?
a. They relieve the tensions of prison life.
b. They assist in the socialization of the new inmate.
c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules.
d. all of these
What is the primary incentive for being a corrections officer?
a. the only job available
b. the security of a civil service job
c. the high pay
d. helping people
Parolees have the right to be notified of the charges against them.
a. True
b. False
According to the authors, all of the following are considered to be major dilemmas
facing corrections, except:
a. time.
b. methods.
c. mission.
d. structure.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Prison newcomer
b. Cigarettes
c. Values and norms of the prison social system
d. Goods and services not allowed by prison authorities
e. Where prisoners may purchase certain items
f. Method of learning the prison subculture
g. Construct a life within the prison with little connection to society
h. Take advantage of prison programs
i. Main source of inmate violence
j. semiautonomous institutions
Prisonization
Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania system to the New York system of corrections.
Discuss the pros and cons of each. Are any of the concepts still used in prisons today? If
so how, and if not, why not?
Answer:Answers will vary.
_______is when community programs reduce recidivism and increase their funding.
___________________ refers to the return of a former correctional client to criminal
behavior, as measured by new arrests or other problems with the law.
Crusades against drugs are not a new phenomenon; in fact, the effort to deter people
from using drugs dates back to the late ____________.
___________________ refers to behaviors that blur, minimize, or disrupt the social
distance between prison staff and inmates, resulting in infractions of departmental
policy.
The _________________ penitentiary system of incarceration called for inmates to be
held in isolation at night but to work with other inmates during the day under a rule of
silence.
Factors influencing the filtering process through the correctional system include
department policy an________d .
Starting in the 1870s, the ______________________ movement took hold as reformers
sought to create separate “feminine” institutions for female offenders to isolate them
from the unwholesome conditions of the city.
The list of__________ correctional methods includes reduced caseloads, offender
counseling, family counseling, group treatment, restitutions, and offender classification.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachings
b. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professions
c. Assigning types of custody and treatment
d. Emphasizes personal responsibility
e. Create environments that support prosocial behaviors
f. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behavior
g. Face to face with crime’s consequences
h. Contract for prison-made goods at a set price
i. Treatment of the mind
j. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding people
Classification
Discuss what is meant when it is said that corrections has an ambiguous mission. What
role does a mission play? How does this ambiguity affect the system? What does the
public want from the system? What do offenders want? What do victims want?
Communities? Discuss whether or how these desires can be reconciled.
Answer:will vary.
The primary personnel problem facing jail administrators is probably a combination
of_________ and poor working conditions.
Once a person is __________________, a range of punishments of escalating severity
may be imposed.
________ activity among men is one way HIV is transmitted in prison populations.
The ______________ parole date refers to the assumed release date stipulated by parole
guidelines if the offender serves time without disciplinary incidents.