The most common sanction a juvenile receives is:
a. detention.
b. aftercare.
c. probation.
d. diversion.
One in three African American men are:
a. on parole.
b. on probation.
c. in college.
d. under correctional supervision.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Requires “essentials” of due process
b. Has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper care
c. Child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crime
d. Transfer to adult court
e. State as guardian
f. Parole
g. Specifies “essentials” of due process
h. Stop doing crime
i.Child not receiving proper care
j.Depends on social expectations
Waiver
Overall, jail population sizes tend to be:
a. stable.
b. small.
c. variable.
d. constant.
Between 1970 and 2005, the U.S. prison population grew by:
a. 175 percent.
b. 400 percent.
c. 700 percent.
d. 550 percent.
Prisons designed to hold the “toughest of the tough” are called:
a. maximum security prisons.
b. solitary confinement.
c. custodial confinement.
d. super-max prisons.
Community justice attempts to:
a. apply strategies uniformly.
b. tailor strategies individually.
c. apply strategies based on funding.
d. tailor strategies to the law.
In many states the defense__________ a copy of the PSI report.
a. produces
b. has total access to
c. does not receive
d. has no interest in
The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas for correctional reform?
a. a rewriting of penal codes to increase the severity of criminal sanctions
b. a greater belief in the application of pain as a specific and general deterrent
c. the invention of the penitentiary, where prisoners could be isolated from the
temptations of the outside world
d. an increase in the number of criminal laws and, as a result, a growth in the numbers
and types of prisoners
In 2003 the Prison Rape Elimination Act was created in order to:
a. gather national statistics on prison rape.
b. make prison rape illegal.
c. honor a rape victim.
d. support prisoner’s rights.
According to the textbook, the overall results of the turbulent inmate rights period were:
a. positive.
b. negative.
c. problematic.
d. useless.
Conservatives and liberals tend to share the same ideas about how to deal with crime.
a. True
b. False
A principal feature in prison society which reinforces the norms and roles of the social
system and influences the nature of interpersonal relationships is known as:
a. cable TV.
b. programming.
c. sex.
d. an underground economy.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Criminal Justice
Most police departments said they practiced some form of:
a. community corrections.
b. community maintenance.
c. community justice.
d. community policing.
Legislatures concerned with the correctional goal of treatment usually prescribe a(n):
a. determinate sentencing scheme.
b. indeterminate sentencing scheme.
c. mandatory sentencing scheme.
d. presumptive sentencing scheme.
Most U.S. prisons emphasize the custodial model of incarceration.
a. True
b. False
The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the ______________and does not
imply any consistentrelationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity
of the crime.
a. state
b. victim
c. offender
d. law
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Community justice
Compared with other correctional staff, officers in the yard have the closest contact
with prisoners and the greatest potential for inducing behavior change.
a. True
b. False
Prison administrators use their programs as incentives for good behavior.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. When an ex-offender’s poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse
b. Handle problems with recently released offenders
c. Legal barrier to reentry
d. A small group living facility for offenders
e. The removal of a conviction
f. Violating conditions of parole
g. Act of clemency
h. Criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest
i.Originated in Wisconsin in 1913
j.Regulate non-criminal behavior
Probable cause
_______refers to a type of probation granted with conditions of strict reporting to a
probation officer with a limited caseload.
a. Home confinement
b. Shock probation
c. Intensive supervision
d. Pretrial diversion
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Regressive approach
The vast majority of offenders released from prison remain:
a. under correctional authority for some time.
b. criminally active.
c. drug free.
d. employed.
A structure established for the purpose of influencing behavior in order to achieve
particular ends is known as a/an:
a. informal organization.
b. formal organization.
c. span of control.
d. unity of command
According to your text, jail suicides are primarily caused by:
a. the limited personal space provided in jail facilities.
b. the crisis nature of arrest and detention.
c. emotional instability, which is exacerbated by the jail experience.
d. both the crisis nature of arrest and detention and emotional instability.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Systematic review
Since 1976 the number of people facing the death penalty has:
a. declined.
b. increased.
c. stabilized.
d. diminished.
The infamous Attica Prison Riot that took place in September 1971 at New York State’s
Attica Correctional Facility aided and inspired the move toward a community
corrections model.
a. True
b. False
Inmates who are “doing time” see prison as a long-term stay and continue their
criminality while incarcerated.
a. True
b. False
An inmate who falls into the “fish” category is known as a ___________
A(n)________ prison is designed and organized to minimize the possibility of escapes
and violence, thereby imposing strict limitations on the freedom of both inmates and
visitors.
Progressives wanted to know the ______________ of an offender so that they could
devise an individualized treatment program.
Because punishment was considered a powerful general ____________ , authorities
from the 16th to the 18th centuries in Europe carried out sanctions in the market square
for all to see.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachings
b. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professions
c. Assigning types of custody and treatment
d. Emphasizes personal responsibility
e. Create environments that support prosocial behaviors
f. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behavior
g. Face to face with crime’s consequences
h. Contract for prison-made goods at a set price
i. Treatment of the mind
j. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding people
Cognitive skill building
_________________, along with fiscal constraints, has produced unprecedented
concern about correctional costs.
While only 2 percent of the U.S. adult population abuses drugs, over ___________
percent of those in prison admit to doing so.
Discuss the differences between the terms “delinquent child,” “neglected child,” and
“dependent child.” Originally, which type of child was the juvenile system intended to
focus on? Which type of child does it currently focus primarily on today?
Answer:will vary.
Legal cases continue to raise concerns about the lengthy periods that condemned
offenders spend on death row because of _________.
Secular law is often referred to as the _______________ law of society.
The Human Rights Watch report noted that the majority of correctional officers in
women’s prison are _________.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Compliance by threat
b. Compliance for material resources
c. Compliance through manipulation of symbolic rewards
d. Supervisor can oversee limited subordinates effectively
e. Subordinate reports to only one superior
f. Toleration of some actions of inmates to operate the prison
g. Behavior violation of department policy
h. Prison disorder results from weak management
i. Support line personnel
j. In direct contact with the client
Boundary violations
In your own words, describe the typical demographic profile of a jail inmate found in
the United States today. What are the implications for this typical group found within
U.S. jails? What does this say about our current justice system?
Answer:Answers will vary.
. ___________ refers to means of ensuring a legitimate state interest (such as security)
that impose fewer limits on prisoners’ rights than do alternative means of securing that
end.
A__________ is known in the prison subculture as a passive homosexual.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachings
b. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professions
c. Assigning types of custody and treatment
d. Emphasizes personal responsibility
e. Create environments that support prosocial behaviors
f. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behavior
g. Face to face with crime’s consequences
h. Contract for prison-made goods at a set price
i. Treatment of the mind
j. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding people
Reality therapy
Discuss two arguments for and two arguments against capital punishment. Identify
whether each argument is rooted in moral or utilitarian principles. How are these two
philosophical stances different?
Answer:will vary.