True / False
1. One factor in the prison inmate code is not interfering with other inmates’ interests.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The presence of gangs organized along racial lines contributes to violence in prison.
a.
True
b.
False
True
3. Most prisoner–officer violence that occurs is organized and transpires between large groups.
a.
True
b.
False
False
4. Adaptive roles help inmates cope with prison and survive behind bars.
a.
True
b.
False
True
5. One strategy used by prison administration to weaken gang influence includes conducting strip searches.
a.
True
b.
False
False
True
6. John Irwin and Donald Cressey suggest that prison subculture encompasses three subcultures, including a
convict, a thief, and a straight.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Some inmates, upon incarceration, decide to withdraw from others as well as isolate themselves as a form of
coping with the inmate society.
a.
True
b.
False
True
8. Real money is prohibited in prison.
a.
True
b.
False
True
9. Inmates who are “doing time” see prison as a long-term stay and continue their criminality while
incarcerated.
a.
True
b.
False
True
10. Correctional officers carry deadly weapons.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Cigarettes are still used today as the standard prison currency.
True
a.
True
b.
False
12. Since prisons are highly secure institutions, rarely does any type of violence take place.
a.
True
b.
False
False
13. Studies have shown that young men between 16 and 24, both inside and outside of prison, are more prone to violence
than older men.
a.
True
b.
False
True
14. Most prison violence in America occurs between officers and inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
False
15. The degree to which inmate leaders are allowed to take matters into their own hands can affect the level of violence
among inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The inmate code is a set of norms and values that develops in the prison social system.
a.
True
b.
False
True
False
17. Unlike the streets, race has a limited role inside a given prison subculture.
a.
True
b.
False
False
18. In prison, gangs are organized primarily to:
a.
control an institution’s drug trade.
b.
control gambling and extortion within the institution.
c.
control debt-collection rackets within the institution.
d.
all of these
19. The process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of the prison society and learns to adapt to the
environment is known as:
a.
prisonization.
b.
integration.
c.
socialization.
d.
assimilation.
a
20. According to Sykes, the greater the degree of solidarity among inmates within the inmate social system, the:
a.
more severely the pains of imprisonment are felt.
b.
less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt.
c.
greater the influence rehabilitative programs will have on inmates.
d.
greater the chances the individual inmate will have for survival within the prison over time.
21. A set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system and help to define for
inmates the characteristics associated with the model prisoner is known as the:
a.
institutional code.
b.
prison code.
c.
informal code.
d.
inmate code.
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
22. The number of items that a prisoner may purchase or receive through legitimate channels from state to state and
from facility to facility:
a.
is similar
b.
is constitutionally determined
c.
differs
d.
is not regulated
The Prison Economy
ACOR.CLEA.16.11.02 – Be familiar with the prison economy.
23. When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role
is known as:
a.
jailing.
b.
gleaning.
c.
hustling.
d.
doing time.
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
24. Which of the following is a reward associated with the jailing lifestyle?
a.
increased acceptance by prison officials
b.
fewer problems with those prisoners who are known politicians
c.
increased prestige within the inmate social system
d.
greater power among treatment officials
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
25. Which of the following statements is true about the prison commissary?
a.
The usual stock does not satisfy inmates’ needs
b.
Prices are low enough for inmates to afford.
c.
Commissary privileges are a right for all inmates.
d.
all of the above
26. Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison is:
a.
narcotics.
b.
food.
c.
“bug juice.”
d.
cigarettes.
27. The sociological theory known as the “subculture of violence” argues that violence is primarily found in the
subculture.
a.
lower class
b.
youth
c.
gang
d.
white
28. Each year approximately correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates.
a.
18,000
b.
5,000
c.
10,000
d.
25,000
29. For many victims of prison violence, the only way for the administration to guarantee them safety is to:
a.
place them with a gang.
b.
place them in the general population custody unit.
c.
transfer them to another prison.
d.
all of these
30. Correctional leaders have found the best way to weaken prison gangs is to:
a.
negotiate between gang members.
b.
place gang members in the general population
c.
transfer gang members to another institution.
d.
all of these
31. Which of the following is not a purpose of gangs in prison?
a.
protection
b.
extortion
c.
religion
d.
camaraderie
32. Inmates who fall victim to sexual violence while incarcerated tend to be:
a.
gang leaders.
b.
HIV positive.
c.
elderly.
d.
not affiliated with a gang.
33. The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language, and customs. This
is also known as prison:
a.
cliques.
b.
gangs.
c.
culture.
d.
subculture.
34. Which state has the lowest levels of known gang affiliation/participation in their prison population?
a.
Pennsylvania
b.
Georgia
c.
Montana
d.
Colorado
c
35. In prison terminology, the “fish” is a(n):
a.
career criminal.
b.
newcomer.
c.
gang member.
d.
elderly inmate.
b
36. Most prison violence that occurs on a regular basis is between inmates and:
a.
psychologists.
b.
medical personnel.
c.
inmates.
d.
guards.
c
37. A principal feature in prison society which reinforces the norms and roles of the social system and
influences the nature of interpersonal relationships is known as:
a.
cable TV.
b.
programming.
c.
sex.
d.
an underground economy.
d
38. Men between which ages are more prone to violence?
a.
16–24
b.
25–32
c.
20–29
d.
all men
a
39. The term refers to programs which educate gang members and eventually encourage them to renounce
their gang membership.
a.
jumping out
b.
deganging
c.
gang removal
d.
antiganging
b
40. Racist have become part of the inmate code and are sometimes forced upon inmates merely by
association.
a.
attitudes
b.
education
c.
programs
d.
training
a
41. In 2003 the Prison Rape Elimination Act was created in order to:
a.
gather national statistics on prison rape.
b.
make prison rape illegal.
c.
honor a rape victim.
d.
support prisoner’s rights.
d
42. The relationship between prison crowding and violence is:
a.
obvious.
b.
strongly correlated .
c.
unclear.
d.
nonexistent.
c
Violence in Prison
ACOR.CLEA.16.11.03 – Explain the different types of prison violence.
43. Which if the following is NOT a main category of U.S. prison violence?
a.
prisoner–officer
b.
prisoner–prisoner
c.
staff–prisoner
d.
officer–prisoner
c
Violence in Prison
ACOR.CLEA.16.11.03 – Explain the different types of prison violence.
44. The role orientation in which inmates attempt to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves and improve
their prospects for early release is known as:
a.
conforming .
b.
gleaning.
c.
doing time.
d.
jailing.
b
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
45. Which of the following is NOT one of the commonly identified characteristics of victims of prison sexual assault?
a.
physically weak
b.
first-time nonviolent offenders
c.
offenders affiliated with a gang
d.
offenders convicted of crimes against children
c
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
ACOR.CLEA.16.11.04 – Discuss what can be done about prison violence.
46. In regard to officer–prisoner violence, the “_____________” refers to unauthorized use of violence by officers against
inmates.
a.
treatment
b.
attitude adjustment
c.
rebirth
d.
reckoning
47. The ____________________ Act is a federal law that requires the collection of national statistics on the prevalence of
prison sexual violence.
a.
Sexual Assault Reduction
b.
Prison Rape Elimination
c.
Prison Sexual Assault
d.
Rape Notification
48. The role orientation in which inmates cut themselves off from society and attempt to construct a new life within the
prison is called:
a.
gleaning.
b.
doing time.
c.
jailing.
d.
conforming.
c
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
Numeric Response
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Prison newcomer
b. Cigarettes
c. Values and norms of the prison social system
d. Goods and services not allowed by prison authorities
e. Where prisoners may purchase certain items
f. Method of learning the prison subculture
g. Construct a life within the prison with little connection to society
h. Take advantage of prison programs
i. Main source of inmate violence
j. semiautonomous institutions
Violence in Prison
ACOR.CLEA.16.11.03 – Explain the different types of prison violence.
49. Inmate code
50. Unit management
51. Gleaning
52. Jailing
53. Prisonization
54. Fish
55. Commissary
56. Contraband
57. Informal prison “money”
58. Gangs
59. The is not able to develop the role orientation of “doing time, gleaning, or jailing.”
60. A prison store for inmates to purchase goods is known as a _________.
61. A in the prison inmate culture is considered to be an aggressive inmate who pursues his own interests
at others’ expense.
62. The ________ refers to a set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social
system.
63. Prison gangs are also referred to as .
64. An inmate who falls into the “fish” category is known as a .
65. Inmates who choose cut themselves off from the outside and generally become key figures in the politics
and economy of the joint.
66. Inmates unable to develop a role orientation are referred to as , meaning they cannot adjust to prison
life.
Prison Society
ACOR.CLEA.16.11.03 – Explain the different types of prison violence.
67. A is someone who squeals or sells out to the authorities.
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
68. A is known in the prison subculture as a passive homosexual.
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
69. ____________ refers to the process by which an inmate absorbs the customs of prison society and learns to adapt to
the environment.
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
70. ___________________ refers to an adaptive role in which an inmate views a prison term as a brief, inevitable break in
their criminal career.
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
71. The term _____________________ refers to an inmate who cannot adapt to prison society due to mental illness,
physical weakness, or emotional instability.
Prison Society
prison subculture come from.
72. Certain positions in the prison society enhance opportunities for _______________, inmates who become
businessmen in the prison underworld.
73. Today nonperishable food items and _______________ have emerged as the standard forms of prison currency.
74. _________________is a concept used to describe male honor and the sacredness of one’s reputation as a man, and
requires physical retaliation against those who insult it.
75. Define and explain prisonization. Is this process normal in most prisons? Please explain. What are both the positives
and negatives of this process? How does this affect inmates upon their release, and is this a factor in recidivism?
76. Please explain what is meant by “the prison economy.” How does it function inside a prison? What role(s) does it play
in the prison society? What items are used as currency?
77. List several of the adaptive roles you have read about in your textbook. Upon identifying several (two or more) roles,
consider: If you were a prison inmate, which adaptive role would you adopt and why? How would you handle the
potential for prison violence?
78. Is a prison a society unto itself? What does it mean to say that there is a prison subculture? What types of
characteristics make up this subculture? Where do the values of prison society come from? Discuss the various elements
that comprise a prison society—members, norms, language, etc.