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1. Staff personnel usually work under the deputy warden, handling accounting, training, and purchasing.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Formal codes of institutional conduct have emerged only in the last 40 years.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Correctional officers have total power over inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Line personnel are not concerned with furthering the institutional goals of a prison.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Well-governed prisons are impossible due to the nature of the clientele.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The warden is the chief executive officer of the institution.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Bureaucracies tend to increase the personnel and resources used to maintain manage the organization.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Prison disorder, including riots, staff murders, escapes, and inmate homicides, are proportionately more rare today than
in the 1970s and 1980s.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Over the last 25 years the correctional officer role has changed greatly.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Female correctional officers only work with female inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Compared with other correctional staff, officers in the yard have the closest contact with prisoners and the greatest
potential for inducing behavior change.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Officers assigned to the towers or along the walls have almost no contact with inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The warden is the key figure in the correctional equation, the one on whom the whole system depends.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Forthe most part, working in a correctional facility is relatively stress free.
a.
True
b.
False
15. A formal organization is deliberately established for a particular reason.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Chain of command is a management principle holding that a subordinate should report to only one supervisor.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Custodial employees make up the majority of an institution’s personnel.
a.
True
b.
False
18. A structure established for the purpose of influencing behavior in order to achieve particular ends is known as a/an:
a.
informal organization.
b.
formal organization.
c.
span of control.
d.
unity of command
19. A form of power that stresses the application or threat of physical force is known as:
a.
coercive power.
b.
normative power.
c.
physical power.
d.
remunerative power.
20. A management principle that holds that a supervisor can effectively oversee only a limited number of subordinates is
known as:
a.
chain of command.
b.
span of control.
c.
circle of control.
d.
unity of command.
21. Which of the following is not a formal organization?
a.
General Motors
b.
California State Prison at Folsom
c.
The University of Iowa
d.
All of these are formal organizations.
22. If a shakedown were to occur in a prison, who would give the directive?
a.
the warden
b.
the tier officer
c.
the captain of the guard
d.
the shift lieutenant
23. The warden’s job security rests on her or his ability to:
a.
employ a certain number of minorities.
b.
define duties for top management.
c.
keep autonomy of their managers.
d.
run the institution efficiently.
24. Correctional officers sometimes feel that:
a.
no one cares what happens inside the walls.
b.
they’re doing time as well as the inmates.
c.
their work accounts for nothing on the outside.
d.
all of these
25. According to the authors, a majority of correctional officers are:
a.
from urban settings.
b.
minority group members.
c.
from rural settings.
d.
college educated.
26. The way someone behaves in accordance with an order or directive given by another person is:
a.
normative power.
b.
remunerative power.
c.
coercive power.
d.
compliance.
27. Characteristics of inmate populations of many prisons began to change in the:
a.
mid-1990s.
b.
early 1950s.
c.
mid-1960s.
d.
mid-1940s.
28. Which of the following is not a union for correctional officers today?
a.
American Federation of Correctional Employees
b.
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees
c.
California Correctional Peace Officers Association
d.
none of these
29. According to the authors, unionization of correctional officers has brought:
a.
better pay for the services they provide.
b.
a greater sense of job security.
c.
a greater control over their work.
d.
all of these.
30. With respect to job turnover among officers, corrections is:
a.
low.
b.
high.
c.
about the same as any blue-collar job.
d.
relatively stable over time.
31. Most inmate rule violations are handled by:
a.
the warden
b.
the line personnel.
c.
work detail supervisors.
d.
an institutional disciplinary committee.
32. A range of punishments are given to inmates for disciplinary reasons when they are unruly. One such punishment is:
a.
erasing good time credit.
b.
not feeding inmates.
c.
not allowing inmates to practice their religion.
d.
not providing inmates bedding.
33. The relationship between staff and prisoners which focuses on material goods and written correspondence is one of:
a.
exchange.
b.
violence.
c.
power.
d.
service.
34. What is the primary incentive for being a corrections officer?
a.
the only job available
b.
the security of a civil service job
c.
the high pay
d.
helping people
35. are employees who are directly concerned with furthering the institution’s goals and are in directcontact with clients.
a.
Staff personnel
b.
Line personnel
c.
Case workers
d.
Administrators
36. In a highly authoritarian prison, treatment goals are:
a.
a priority.
b.
more important.
c.
less important.
d.
a cause for concern.
37. What category of personnel comprises the majority of an institution’s employees?
a.
custodial
b.
industry
c.
professional
d.
program
38. An institution’s main contact with the outside world is:
a.
the line staff.
b.
the professional staff.
c.
the inmates.
d.
the warden.
39. Over the past 40 years, federal courts, the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and affirmative action programs have dramatically
changed the composition of the correctional officer force.
a.
psychological and emotional
b.
geographic
c.
age and size
d.
racial and gender
40. are central to prisoner control because correctional officers cannot have total control over the inmates.
a.
Deliberations
b.
Negotiations
c.
Discussions
d.
Mediation
41. Correctional officers often rely on ________to gain cooperation.
a.
rewards and punishments
b.
corporal punishment and solitary confinement
c.
force and strict rule enforcement
d.
all of these
42. Behavior that blurs the social distance between prison staff and inmates is known as:
a.
crossing the line.
b.
boundary violation.
c.
abuse.
d.
rule violation.
43. ________________ power refers to the ability to obtain compliance in exchange for material resources.
a.
Normative
b.
Remunerative
c.
Coercive
d.
Subjective
44. ____________________ power refers to the ability to obtain compliance by manipulating symbolic rewards.
a.
Normative
b.
Remunerative
c.
Coercive
d.
Subjective
45. _______________ refers to obedience to an order or request.
a.
Compliance
b.
Power
c.
Authority
d.
Coercion
46. Correctional officers rely on _______________ and _______________to gain cooperation.
a.
coercion and force
b.
punishments and bribes
c.
rewards and coercion
d.
rewards and punishments
47. _____________________theory is a governance theory which states that prison disorder stems from unstable, divided,
or otherwise weak management.
a.
Officer balance
b.
Administrative control
c.
Power control
d.
Inmate balance
48. A series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders from the one immediately
above and issuing orders to the one immediately below is known as________ .
49. An___________ is anything that enhances the inmates’ creature comforts such as food, bedding, and
recreationalopportunities.
50. ___________and loss of privileges or good time are the sanctions most often imposed for violating institutional rules.
51. __________________ officers act like police officers with regard to most prison rule violations.
52. Like women in other criminal justice fields, women who work in corrections deal with_______ .
53. ____________is the idea that it is most efficient for a subordinate to report to only one superior.
54. _________personnelare directly concerned with furthering the institution’s goals.
55. In 1970, the U.S. Supreme Court granted inmates certain limited______ rights.
56. The idea that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak management is known as the_______ .
57. When social distance breaks down, officers are more prone to commit________ violations.
58. To prepare officers for prison work, most states require cadets to complete a _____________ training program.
59. ______________________ officers have the most contact with inmates and the greatest potential for assisting them to
change their behavior.
60. Prison officers must constantly deal with conflicting ___________________ and _______________ goals.
61. ___________________ refers to behaviors that blur, minimize, or disrupt the social distance between prison staff and
inmates, resulting in infractions of departmental policy.
62. Officers are permitted to use ________________ to protect themselves from imminent harm or violence.
63. A labor contract stipulates the rights and obligations of each side (administration and employees);thus a
__________________ can no longer dictate working conditions.
64. Prison ______________ refers to the sound and firm management of inmates and staff.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Compliance by threat
b. Compliance for material resources
c. Compliance through manipulation of symbolic rewards
d. Supervisor can oversee limited subordinates effectively
e. Subordinate reports to only one superior
f. Toleration of some actions of inmates to operate the prison
g. Behavior violation of department policy
h. Prison disorder results from weak management
i. Support line personnel
j. In direct contact with the client
65. Unity of command
66. Staff personnel
67. Boundary violations
68. Administrative control theory
69. Inmate balance theory
70. Line personnel
71. Span of control
72. Coercive power
73. Normative power
74. Remunerative power
75. List and discuss the negative consequences of boundary violations and job stress on correctional officers and staff.
What is being done to combat such issues? Do you feel these tactics have been successful? Why or why not?
76. Define prison governance. Next, discuss the challenges officers face when attempting to gain compliance. What
strategies are used by officers and administrators to gain compliance? Which do you believe is the most effective and
which is the least effective? Be sure to fully explain your answer.
77. Provide definitions for coercive, normative, and remunerative power as they relate to the correctional system.Discuss
the effectiveness of each type of power. Which do you feel could lead to a more secure and productive correctional
setting? Be sure to fully explain your answer.
78. Describe who becomes a correctional officer and why. What draws people to this type of work? Would you become a
correctional officer? Why or why not?Be sure to address the drawbacks, distinct challenges, and positive features of such
work. Which job assignment would you want to avoid and which would you aim to secure?
