Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Congregate system
In this country, probation began with the innovative work of Jeremy Bentham, an
English boot-maker, who was the first to provide bail for defendants under the authority
of the London Police Court in 1841.
a. True
b. False
The decision to release an inmate is made in the context of:
a. analytical clarity.
b. political fairness.
c. public support.
d. competing goals.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Objective standard for defense counsel
b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime
c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim’s fate
d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional
e. Developed in the late 1970s
f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing
g. Execution of the insane
h. Circumstances that invite mercy
i. Reinstituted death penalty
j.Death penalty unconstitutional
Ford v. Wainwright
Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully
implemented by the Progressives?
a. probation
b. determinate sentencing
c. parole
d. indeterminate sentencing
All punishments inflicted upon offenders are visible.
a. True
b. False
Each year approximately ___________correctional staff members are assaulted by
inmates.
a. 18,000
b. 5,000
c. 10,000
d. 25,000
The most common sanction given today’s juvenile offenders is incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following was NOT a medieval form of capital punishment?
a. flayed alive
b. broken on the wheel
c. the rack
d. fed to lions
Which state has the lowest levels of known gang affiliation/participation in their prison
population?
a. Pennsylvania
b. Georgia
c. Montana
d. Colorado
The country that gave the world its first penitentiary is:
a. England.
b. France.
c. Egypt.
d. the United States.
The most frequently applied set of sentencing guidelines used throughout the United
States is the:
a. Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines.
b. New York Sentencing Guidelines.
c. Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines.
d. Georgia Sentencing Guidelines.
Racist__________ have become part of the inmate code and are sometimes forced upon
inmates merely by association.
a. attitudes
b. education
c. programs
d. training
Corrections, as a system today, now has a clear and distinct mission.
a. True
b. False
A common strategy in dealing with offenders with substance dependency problems is:
a. alcohol detoxification within the jail setting.
b. placement in a methadone maintenance program.
c. a steady program of withdrawal within the jail setting.
d. release to an addiction treatment facility.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. When an ex-offender’s poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse
b. Handle problems with recently released offenders
c. Legal barrier to reentry
d. A small group living facility for offenders
e. The removal of a conviction
f. Violating conditions of parole
g. Act of clemency
h. Criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest
i.Originated in Wisconsin in 1913
j.Regulate non-criminal behavior
Community correctional center
Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the:
a. 1950s.
b. 1960s.
c. 1970s.
d. 1990s.
Advocates of women’s reformatories favored rural correctional institutions in areas
away from the unwholesome conditions of the city.
a. True
b. False
_________ are central to prisoner control because correctional officers cannot have
total control over the inmates.
a. Deliberations
b. Negotiations
c. Discussions
d. Mediation
According to the authors, unionization of correctional officers has brought:
a. better pay for the services they provide.
b. a greater sense of job security.
c. a greater control over their work.
d. all of these.
NIMBY stands for:
a. no inmate by me.
b. never in my best.
c. not in my backyard.
d. no inmate may buy time.
What is the central purpose of corrections?
a. to rehabilitate offenders
b. to protect society
c. to carry out the criminal sentence
d. to correct behavior
In Rhodes v. Chapman, the court required inmates to prove Eighth Amendment
violations through showing the punishment was unnecessary.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Apply objective criteria to all prisoners
b. IQs of less than 70
c. Person who sees criminality as their life
d. Mental patient returns to the community
e. Julie Schenecker is one
f. Confined for life or until cured
g. Classification based on possible future criminal conduct
h. Classification based on appropriate correctional treatment
i. Classification based on seriousness of crime
j. Person who spends more than 10 years incarcerated
Situational offender
Requirements and rules designed to aid readjustment to society and control parolee
movement are called:
a. conditional requirements.
b. technical conditions.
c. release conditions.
d. conditions of release.
Roughly ____________ of release inmates are mentally or physically impaired.
a. 1/3
b. 3/4
c. 1/2
d. all
Unlike the streets, race has a limited role inside a given prison subculture.
a. True
b. False
A major criticism of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that:
a. it is too impersonal.
b. the probation officers don”t really care about the client..
c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders
d. there aren”t enough offenders to make it work.
The founder of the Classical School of Criminology is Cesare Beccaria, who applied
the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
Studies of nonprison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll
_______offenders who would otherwise have been incarcerated.
a. a majority of
b. roughly of
c. a minority of
d. slightly less than of
The first decision made in a juvenile court is to:
a. determine guilt.
b. file a petition of juvenile jurisdiction.
c. appoint a lawyer.
d. assess culpability.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated
b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway
houses
c. First female prison warden
d. Required for women to regain custody of children
e. Homosexual marriage and kinship
f. First warden of Elmira Reformatory for young men
g. Challenge for women upon release from prison
h. Account for the great increase of women in prison
i. What most distinguishes incarcerated women from incarcerated men
j. Separate treatment-oriented prisons
The reformatory
The most slippery concept in the classification of offenders is that of the:
a. career criminal.
b. violent.
c. sex offender.
d. mentally ill.